Title: Universal design as a conceptual framework for describing usability of products and environments: an applied example using the kitchen environment

Authors: James A. Lenker; Laura Lien; Mahiyar Nasarwanji; David Feathers; Victor Paquet

Addresses: Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, 501 Kimball Tower, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA ' Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA ' Department of Industrial Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA ' Department of Design and Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,14853, USA ' Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA

Abstract: This study assessed the goals of universal design (UD) defined by Steinfeld and Maisel (2012), as a conceptual framework for classifying usability problems experienced in the home kitchen environment by diverse user populations. Seven focus groups were conducted with three populations: wheelchair users, persons with vision impairment, and older adults. Participant-reported usability problems were mapped onto the eight goals of UD. The data suggest that UD goals provide a useful framework for classifying real-world usability problems. In addition, the UD goals demonstrated the potential to discriminate among populations and distinguish the nature of the environment. Whereas traditional product usability measures emphasise user performance, the UD goals re-focus attention on functional demands that products and environments place on end users. These findings are an important first step in the research pathway needed to elevate UD from a respected conceptual philosophy to a valuable tool embraced by product designers and managers.

Keywords: universal design; inclusive design; design for all; product design; environmental modification; disability; older adults; elderly people; wheelchair users; wheelchairs; home kitchens; visual impairment; person-environment fit; product usability; usability problems; functional demands; end users.

DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2016.079743

Journal of Design Research, 2016 Vol.14 No.3, pp.219 - 240

Received: 09 Jul 2015
Accepted: 05 Apr 2016
Published online: 13 Oct 2016 *

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