Title: Water pollution control and strategies in Finnish pulp and paper industries in the 20th century

Authors: Tapio Katko, Antero Luonsi, Petri Juuti

Addresses: Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology (IEEB), Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. ' Pirkanmaa Regional Environment Centre, Finland. ' Department of History, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

Abstract: This paper discusses and analyses the evolution of the Finnish pulp and paper industries and their water pollution control strategies. The Finnish pulp and paper mills are mainly located along water courses in inland areas. The earliest documents on water pollution date back to the early 1900s. In spite of the remarkably good record during recent decades in water pollution control, it can be found among significant strategic decisions in only very few cases.

Keywords: environmental history; environmental policy; Finland; forest industries; pollution control strategies; water pollution control; pulp and paper industries; water quality.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2005.007600

International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2005 Vol.23 No.4, pp.368 - 387

Published online: 19 Aug 2005 *

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