Title: Incentives for the reuse of electric vehicle batteries for load-shifting in residences

Authors: Sean B. Walker; Catherine Heymans; Michael Fowler; Steven B. Young; Roydon Fraser; Daniel Van Lanen

Addresses: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada ' Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada ' Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada ' School of Environment, Enterprise and Development, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada ' Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada ' Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada

Abstract: With growing uncertainty in electricity prices and rising concern about climate change, there is increased need to reduce both energy costs and carbon emissions. One way to accomplish these goals is through load-shifting provided by the reuse of the large lithium ion batteries currently found in most electric vehicles (EVs). When used as a load-shifting device, a used EV battery has the potential to help a residential user reduce the cost of their electric bill and contribute to a reduction in emissions while also laying groundwork for the future 'smart grid'. To study this, a MatLAB model is developed and implemented to examine the use of an EV battery that is reused for peak shifting in a typical household. The results of the simulation for number of different incentive types are compared using a multi-criteria decision making approach to arrive at a policy choice that satisfies both government and consumer stakeholders.

Keywords: electric vehicle batteries; load shifting; smart grid; industrial ecology; energy incentives; green energy; energy storage; battery reuse; electric vehicles; lithium ion batteries; residential users; peak shifting; household energy; simulation; multicriteria decision making; MCDM; policy choices.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPSE.2015.071429

International Journal of Process Systems Engineering, 2015 Vol.3 No.1/2/3, pp.70 - 89

Received: 11 Oct 2014
Accepted: 01 Mar 2015

Published online: 27 Aug 2015 *

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