Article: Alternative fuels and power systems in the long term Journal: International Journal of Vehicle Design (IJVD) 1996 Vol.17 No.5/6 pp.510 - 549 Abstract: In the long term, depletion of easily recoverable petroleum resources will make presently uneconomic automotive energy sources competitive. Natural gas, which can he used directly or convened to methanol, is projected to outlast petroleum. The even greater energy storehouse of solid feedstocks like coal can be transformed into liquid automotive fuel. Depletion of fossil fuels is not foreseen before the latter half of the 21st century. Potentially significant non-fossil replacements include both biofuels, and nuclear and solar electricity. Electricity can either power battery-electric vehicles or be used to produce electrolytic hydrogen for combustion engines or fuel cells. The pros and cons of these options are discussed. Combustion engines, which are being improved continually, remain technically viable into the foreseeable future. Battery-electric vehicles, which are being developed aggressively because of their freedom from local emissions, are not necessarily pollution-free on regional and global scales. Some of their current shortcomings can be overcome by electric/combustion-engine hybrids. Fuel cells for general purpose automotive use are still quite immature and await further development to establish their role in the spectrum of automotive power. The timing for these many options to impact the automotive field depends on evolving technology and economics, and may be further influenced by government policy. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Alternative fuels and power systems in the long term

Authors: C.A. Amann

Addresses: KAB Engineering, 984 Satterlee Rd, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304-3152, USA

Abstract: In the long term, depletion of easily recoverable petroleum resources will make presently uneconomic automotive energy sources competitive. Natural gas, which can he used directly or convened to methanol, is projected to outlast petroleum. The even greater energy storehouse of solid feedstocks like coal can be transformed into liquid automotive fuel. Depletion of fossil fuels is not foreseen before the latter half of the 21st century. Potentially significant non-fossil replacements include both biofuels, and nuclear and solar electricity. Electricity can either power battery-electric vehicles or be used to produce electrolytic hydrogen for combustion engines or fuel cells. The pros and cons of these options are discussed. Combustion engines, which are being improved continually, remain technically viable into the foreseeable future. Battery-electric vehicles, which are being developed aggressively because of their freedom from local emissions, are not necessarily pollution-free on regional and global scales. Some of their current shortcomings can be overcome by electric/combustion-engine hybrids. Fuel cells for general purpose automotive use are still quite immature and await further development to establish their role in the spectrum of automotive power. The timing for these many options to impact the automotive field depends on evolving technology and economics, and may be further influenced by government policy.

Keywords: alternative fuels; battery electric vehicles; biofuels; coal; combustion engines; electricity; emissions; ethanol E85; fuel cells; hybrid engines; hydrogen; methanol M85; natural gas; oil shale; petroleum; reformulated gasoline; solar energy; power systems.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.1996.061883

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1996 Vol.17 No.5/6, pp.510 - 549

Published online: 28 May 2014 *

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Title: Alternative fuels and power systems in the long term

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