Title: Certain change: multi-democratic movements punctuate the tyrannical paradigm in Africa

Authors: Mambo G. Mupepi; Sylvia C. Mupepi

Addresses: Brooks College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Grand Valley State University, 2715 Arbor Chase Drive, NE Grand Rapids, MI 49525, USA ' Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, 2715 Arbor Chase Drive, NE Grand Rapids, MI 49525, USA

Abstract: Massive unemployment, increasing dissension and despotic and corrupt authorities have created an ideal environment for the emergence of civil and democratic movements whose main objectives are to create and foster democracy. African spring is seeking to facilitate an equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. The organisations have generated geopolitical tensions and pressure to dispose despots who have amassed personal fortunes at the expense of the public. The discussion includes how African citizens can present a united force and deploy peaceful demonstrations, drawing on socio-technical systems approach as a strategy complimented by an active media to make effective democratic amendment. Important historical events are analysed to facilitate an understanding of the critical success factors necessary in advancing equality in fluid post-colonial contexts.

Keywords: co-construction; despots; equity; geopolitical; paradigm; sociotechnical systems; tyranny; Africa; democratic movements; democracy; peaceful demonstrations; active media; critical success factors; CSFs; post-colonial context.

DOI: 10.1504/AJESD.2014.061630

African Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, 2014 Vol.3 No.1, pp.1 - 22

Published online: 21 Jun 2014 *

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