Title: A real-time routing protocol with mobility support and load distribution for mobile wireless sensor networks

Authors: Adel A. Ahmed; Norsheila Fisal

Addresses: Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, KSA ' Faculty of Electrical, Telecommunication Department, University Technology Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia

Abstract: Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) is a wireless ad hoc network that consists of a very large number of tiny sensor nodes communicating with each other in which sensor nodes are either equipped with motors for active mobility or attached to mobile objects for passive mobility. A real-time routing protocol for MWSN is an exciting area of research because messages are delivered according to their end-to-end deadlines. MWSN demands real-time routing in many applications including disasters fighting, forest fire detection and volcanic eruption detection. This paper proposes a novel idea of real-time that provides mobility and load distribution (RTMLD) for MWSN. RTMLD utilised corona mechanism and optimal forwarding metrics to forward the data packet in MWSN. It computes the optimal forwarding node based on RSSI, remaining battery level of sensor nodes and packet delay over one-hop. RTMLD ensures high packet delivery ratio and experiences minimum end-to-end delay in WSN and MWSN compared with baseline routing protocol. RTMLD has been successfully verified through test bed and simulation experiment.

Keywords: mobile sensor nodes; corona mechanism; routing protocols; mobility support; load distribution; mobile WSNs; wireless sensor networks; remaining power; end-to-end delay; wireless networks; real time routing; packet delivery ratio; simulation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSNET.2014.060724

International Journal of Sensor Networks, 2014 Vol.15 No.2, pp.95 - 111

Received: 12 Oct 2012
Accepted: 02 Jul 2013
Published online: 27 Apr 2014 *

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