Title: Industrial ecology: a critical review

Authors: Dara O'Rourke, Lloyd Connelly, Catherine P. Koshland

Addresses: Energy and Resources Group, Barrows Hall Rm. 3 10, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA. ' Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hesse Hall Rm. 60A, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA. ' Wood-Calvert Professor in Engineering, Associate Professor in Environmental Health Science and in Energy and Resources, Barrows Hall Rm. 310, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA

Abstract: Scientists, policy-makers, and the general public are becoming increasingly aware of environmental damage associated with the large and growing material through-put required in modern industrial society. One approach emerging in response to these concerns is called Industrial Ecology (IE). IE signals a shift from |end-of-pipe| pollution control methods towards holistic strategies for prevention and planning of more environmentally sound industrial development. However, the broad umbrella of IE currently houses a diverse group of scholars, consultants, and environmentalists, who range in scope from those advocating incremental changes in existing systems, to some promoting a total transformation of industrial activity. This article presents a critical review of the existing US literature on IE. We introduce and critique IE’s primary concepts, and analyse weaknesses and gaps in IE’s conceptual framework. We also discuss the needs and potential for advancing IE concepts and projects in the future.

Keywords: design for environment; DfE; environmental policy; industrial ecology.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.1996.037944

International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 1996 Vol.6 No.2/3, pp.89 - 112

Published online: 05 Jan 2011 *

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