Title: Integration of an enclave into the international economy: changing patterns of Kaliningrad's economic specialisation

Authors: Evgeny Vinokurov

Addresses: Strategy and Research Department, Eurasian Development Bank, Panfilova 98, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The geographical situation of the Russian enclave led to its strong exposure to the destabilising effects of post-communist economic transformation. A dramatic trade opening has occurred, and regional trade and production has undergone profound changes. The major phenomenon relative to the economic development of Kaliningrad is its enclavity. Dynamic and sustainable economic development may be reached on the way of minimisation of enclave-specific negative factors (high transaction costs, vulnerability, peripherality, small size) and valorisation of enclave-specific opportunities (proximity to the EU market and the role of an intermediary in the EU–Russian trade flows).

Keywords: Kaliningrad; Russia; economic specialisation; economic transition; economic integration; enclaves; exclaves; Russian economy; emerging economies; economic policy; special economic zone; EU–Russian relations; European Union; regional trade; economic development.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEPEE.2007.015581

International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 2007 Vol.1 No.1, pp.34 - 52

Published online: 31 Oct 2007 *

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