Title: Driving automation: learning from aviation about design philosophies

Authors: Mark S. Young, Neville A. Stanton, Don Harris

Addresses: School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK. ' School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK. ' Department of Human Factors, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK

Abstract: Full vehicle automation is predicted to be on British roads by 2030 (Walker et al., 2001). However, experience in aviation gives us some cause for concern for the |drive-by-wire| car (Stanton and Marsden, 1996). Two different philosophies have emerged in aviation for dealing with the human factor: hard vs. soft automation, depending on whether the computer or the pilot has ultimate authority (Hughes and Dornheim, 1995). This paper speculates whether hard or soft automation provides the best solution for road vehicles, and considers an alternative design philosophy in vehicles of the future based on coordination and cooperation.

Keywords: driving automation; automobiles; aviation; crew resource management; CRM; human-centred design; human factors; vehicle design; automotive automation; drive-by-wire; vehicle automation; hard automation; soft automation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2007.014908

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2007 Vol.45 No.3, pp.323 - 338

Published online: 17 Aug 2007 *

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