Title: A test of the efficacy of the MC Square device for improving verbal memory, learning and attention

Authors: Joseph I. Tracy, Noman Ahmed, Waseem Khan, Michael R. Sperling

Addresses: Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Suite 206, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. ' Wayne State University, Michigan, USA. ' Nassau University Medical Center, New York, USA. ' Thomas Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Suite 206, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA

Abstract: Cognitive enhancement devices have been supported by positive anecdotal reports, but generally have not undergone rigorous testing. In the following report we tested one such device, the MC Square, which uses Audio-Visual Stimulation (AVS) (synchronised pulsed tones and flickering lights set at an alpha or theta frequency) to entrain neural activity. Its effect on three key cognitive functions (verbal learning, memory, and attention) was tested following a regimen of training with the device. A double blind, placebo controlled (sham device), and crossover design was utilised with pre- and post-testing on the cognitive measures occurring during each phase of the crossover. The primary hypothesis was that after training with the MC Square there would be improvement in verbal memory, associative learning, working memory and attention/concentration. Results showed a statistically reliable improvement on the measure of attention/concentration, the Digit Span Forwards test, following MC Square training. The data suggest the MC Square device provides modest enhancement in the ability to focus, attend, and report information over the short term.

Keywords: cognitive enhancement; neural training; memory; verbal learning; attention; audio-visual stimulation; AVS; learning technology; MC square device; associative learning; concentration; focus.

DOI: 10.1504/IJLT.2007.014844

International Journal of Learning Technology, 2007 Vol.3 No.2, pp.183 - 202

Published online: 12 Aug 2007 *

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