World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=173&year=2012&vol=8&issue=1 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 1746-0573 1746-0581 © 2012 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/wremsd_scoverwremsd.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=173&year=2012&vol=8&issue=1 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44483 The aim of the study described herein was to explore the relationships between the practices of HRM used in organisations, in order to inform the development of effective HRM systems. Our exploratory study assumed that staffing, training, performance evaluation and compensation are the most prominent practices in HRM, and used Snell and Dean's (1992) questionnaire to investigate these practices. Using correlation analysis to characterise the relationships, we identified the signs of the correlations involved, and we thereby identified the significant and positive relationships among the HRM practices studied. Strong, positive and significant correlations were observed among the elements of staffing, training, performance evaluation and compensation. These results are important for understanding the inter-relationships between HRM practices, in order to enhance the effect of HR systems on employee-related organisational outcomes. For the development of effective HRM systems: inter-relationships between HRM practices using correlation analysis
Gurhan Uysal
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 1 - 12
The aim of the study described herein was to explore the relationships between the practices of HRM used in organisations, in order to inform the development of effective HRM systems. Our exploratory study assumed that staffing, training, performance evaluation and compensation are the most prominent practices in HRM, and used Snell and Dean's (1992) questionnaire to investigate these practices. Using correlation analysis to characterise the relationships, we identified the signs of the correlations involved, and we thereby identified the significant and positive relationships among the HRM practices studied. Strong, positive and significant correlations were observed among the elements of staffing, training, performance evaluation and compensation. These results are important for understanding the inter-relationships between HRM practices, in order to enhance the effect of HR systems on employee-related organisational outcomes.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044483 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 1 - 12 Gurhan Uysal School of Business, Ondokuz May?s University, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey HRM practices human resource management staffing training performance evaluation compensation. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 1 12 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44484 This paper uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique tool to explore the efficiency of various sectors in the Spanish economy. The findings demonstrate that Spain's public sector is inefficient in using capital and labour. By contrast, however, the country's finance sector is the most efficient of all of its main sectors. A comparison of various sectors in Spain and Germany reveals that the German manufacturing sector is more efficient than that of Spain, but Spain's tourism sector is much more efficient than that in Germany. Measuring and ranking structural economic efficiency: exploring the case of Spain compared to Germany
Sharon Hadad; Yossi Hadad; Miki Malul; Mosi Rosenboim
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 13 - 22
This paper uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique tool to explore the efficiency of various sectors in the Spanish economy. The findings demonstrate that Spain's public sector is inefficient in using capital and labour. By contrast, however, the country's finance sector is the most efficient of all of its main sectors. A comparison of various sectors in Spain and Germany reveals that the German manufacturing sector is more efficient than that of Spain, but Spain's tourism sector is much more efficient than that in Germany.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044484 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 13 - 22 Sharon Hadad; Yossi Hadad; Miki Malul; Mosi Rosenboim Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Bialik Street, Be'er Sheva, 84100, Israel. ' Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Bialik Street, Be'er Sheva, 84100, Israel. ' Department of Public Policy and Administration, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er Sheva, 84105, Israel. ' Department of Applied Economics, Sapir Academic College and Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er Sheva, 84105, Israel data envelopment analysis DEA Spain Germany structural efficiency economic efficiency public sector finance sector manufacturing sector tourism sector. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 13 22 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44485 Since the 1980s, many Italian industrial districts have pointed out a loss of competitiveness, a slow down of growth and even a lack of resources, which were not entirely due to mere negative market business cycles. The research paper, after a brief introduction concerning the main features of Italian industrial districts, identifies the main reasons of crisis in: corporate governance on one hand, entrepreneurs are too production-oriented with a short run perspective and undervalue the essential activities of R&D, strategic planning, financing, marketing, etc.; on the other, most of Italian districts do not have a collective governance, able to plan, drive and organise the whole system; limited relationships with external systems; low technology and limited innovativeness of the industry sector; inadequate investments in R&D and scarcity of financial sources. Finally, it tries to suggest some measures to overcome the crisis and successfully deal with global competition. Italian industrial districts: crisis or evolution?
Elio Iannuzzi; Massimiliano Berardi
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 23 - 36
Since the 1980s, many Italian industrial districts have pointed out a loss of competitiveness, a slow down of growth and even a lack of resources, which were not entirely due to mere negative market business cycles. The research paper, after a brief introduction concerning the main features of Italian industrial districts, identifies the main reasons of crisis in: corporate governance on one hand, entrepreneurs are too production-oriented with a short run perspective and undervalue the essential activities of R&D, strategic planning, financing, marketing, etc.; on the other, most of Italian districts do not have a collective governance, able to plan, drive and organise the whole system; limited relationships with external systems; low technology and limited innovativeness of the industry sector; inadequate investments in R&D and scarcity of financial sources. Finally, it tries to suggest some measures to overcome the crisis and successfully deal with global competition.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044485 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 23 - 36 Elio Iannuzzi; Massimiliano Berardi Department of Business Studies, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy. ' Department of Business Studies, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy industrial districts entrepreneurship complexity Italy corporate governance collective governance. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 23 36 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44486 This paper aims to ascertain the attractiveness of a tourist destination for mature domestic travellers, analyse the relation between this attractiveness and their socio-demographic characteristics and identify groups in line with the perceived attractiveness. A theoretical framework is proposed based on an attractiveness-based theory perspective which integrates attributes and products of attraction as relevant external forces which attract tourists to a destination. The results show that there are six different groups, five of which have a positive view of the destination's attractiveness, and one group with a negative view. Furthermore, a direct relation was found between the attractiveness of the tourist destination and some of the socio-demographic characteristics of the surveyed subjects. The attractiveness of Portugal as a tourist destination, by mature domestic travellers
Joana M.O. Neves
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 37 - 52
This paper aims to ascertain the attractiveness of a tourist destination for mature domestic travellers, analyse the relation between this attractiveness and their socio-demographic characteristics and identify groups in line with the perceived attractiveness. A theoretical framework is proposed based on an attractiveness-based theory perspective which integrates attributes and products of attraction as relevant external forces which attract tourists to a destination. The results show that there are six different groups, five of which have a positive view of the destination's attractiveness, and one group with a negative view. Furthermore, a direct relation was found between the attractiveness of the tourist destination and some of the socio-demographic characteristics of the surveyed subjects.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044486 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 37 - 52 Joana M.O. Neves Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias de Lisboa, Campo Grande, nº 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; CEG-IST Technical University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico, DEG, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal destination attractiveness tourist destinations mature travellers domestic travellers Portugal tourism. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 37 52 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44487 This article describes the events and processes that led to the development of the Israeli high tech cluster. Understanding the Israeli cluster is important because Israel is probably the most successful example of replication of the Silicon Valley model outside of North America. It explains the development of multiple factors, including sophisticated human capital, technological institutions and an open, global environment, that were crucial for building the Israeli high tech cluster. This is most important for policy makers who want to learn about the successful structuring of a high-technology innovative sector in a small, open economy. The development of the successful high tech sector in Israel, 1969-2009
Amir Shoham; Gil Avnimelech
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 53 - 69
This article describes the events and processes that led to the development of the Israeli high tech cluster. Understanding the Israeli cluster is important because Israel is probably the most successful example of replication of the Silicon Valley model outside of North America. It explains the development of multiple factors, including sophisticated human capital, technological institutions and an open, global environment, that were crucial for building the Israeli high tech cluster. This is most important for policy makers who want to learn about the successful structuring of a high-technology innovative sector in a small, open economy.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044487 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 53 - 69 Amir Shoham; Gil Avnimelech The School of Business Administration, The College of Management, Rabin Blvd. 7, Rishon Lezion, 75190, Israel. ' Faculty of Business Administration, Ono Academic College, 104 Tzahal, Kiryat Ono, 55000, Israel high tech clusters high technology industry innovation entrepreneurship economic development policy Israel human capital. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 53 69 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44488 The aim of this paper is to review the important themes in the literature on necessity driven entrepreneurship and to assess the main contributions to knowledge. Five themes from the literature are highlighted: nature of the necessity driven entrepreneurship; creation and management of a necessity driven venture; contextualising the necessity entrepreneurship; performance of a necessity driven venture; and the criticism of necessity driven entrepreneurship. The author argues that the extant literature on necessity entrepreneurship is largely focused on the conception stage of the entrepreneurial process and our understanding of how push factors affect a necessity driven venture during subsequent phases remains limited. Some of the concepts which have received considerable attention in the literature include push/pull dichotomy, types of push factors, necessity driven entrepreneurship studies in the Western context, push factors largely associated with women entrepreneurs, relationship between necessity entrepreneurship and the economic development, and a need to clearly delineate the concept of necessity entrepreneurship. In order to demonstrate push factors enactment, a conceptual model of necessity driven entrepreneurship is proposed which highlights the dynamics of push factors during different phases of entrepreneurial process. The author also includes pointers for future research to improve theoretical understanding of necessity driven entrepreneurship. What have we learned? Themes from the literature on necessity driven entrepreneurship
Syed Awais Ahmad Tipu
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 70 - 91
The aim of this paper is to review the important themes in the literature on necessity driven entrepreneurship and to assess the main contributions to knowledge. Five themes from the literature are highlighted: nature of the necessity driven entrepreneurship; creation and management of a necessity driven venture; contextualising the necessity entrepreneurship; performance of a necessity driven venture; and the criticism of necessity driven entrepreneurship. The author argues that the extant literature on necessity entrepreneurship is largely focused on the conception stage of the entrepreneurial process and our understanding of how push factors affect a necessity driven venture during subsequent phases remains limited. Some of the concepts which have received considerable attention in the literature include push/pull dichotomy, types of push factors, necessity driven entrepreneurship studies in the Western context, push factors largely associated with women entrepreneurs, relationship between necessity entrepreneurship and the economic development, and a need to clearly delineate the concept of necessity entrepreneurship. In order to demonstrate push factors enactment, a conceptual model of necessity driven entrepreneurship is proposed which highlights the dynamics of push factors during different phases of entrepreneurial process. The author also includes pointers for future research to improve theoretical understanding of necessity driven entrepreneurship.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044488 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 70 - 91 Syed Awais Ahmad Tipu Department of Management, Marketing and Public Administration, College of Business Administration, The University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE necessity driven entrepreneurship self-employment push factors. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 70 91 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44489 This case deals with the key considerations when planning an international expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These considerations must be addressed by a finance company seeking to support the international sales of its parent firm, a US-based multinational enterprise (MNE). The company already operates three foreign subsidiaries in Canada, Mexico (both NAFTA members), and the UK but wishes to increase this network further through entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are being considered to determine the five most suitable for entry. A supplementary consideration is the mode of direct investment in the selected markets. Hence the need for a rational decision on where to invest and what form should this investment take. Foreign direct investment options: Bertos Manufacturing Corporation
Emmanuel N. Roussakis; Anastasios Moysidis
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 92 - 102
This case deals with the key considerations when planning an international expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These considerations must be addressed by a finance company seeking to support the international sales of its parent firm, a US-based multinational enterprise (MNE). The company already operates three foreign subsidiaries in Canada, Mexico (both NAFTA members), and the UK but wishes to increase this network further through entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are being considered to determine the five most suitable for entry. A supplementary consideration is the mode of direct investment in the selected markets. Hence the need for a rational decision on where to invest and what form should this investment take.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044489 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 92 - 102 Emmanuel N. Roussakis; Anastasios Moysidis Department of Finance and Real Estate, College of Business Administration, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, USA. ' Department of Finance and Real Estate, College of Business Administration, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, USA subsidiaries multinational enterprises MNEs transnational activities foreign direct investment FDI greenfield investment leveraged institutions wholesale financing captive finance company retail instalment contracts market entry. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 92 102 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44490 The present paper presents a case study of a merger between Israeli and British high-tech companies and illustrates the effect that the choice of post-merger integration approach has on the success or failure of a cross-border merger and acquisition. The study extends existing knowledge of cross-cultural management in international high-tech mergers by analysing the effects of cultural differences on the effectiveness of the symbiosis integration approach. The effects of culture clash on international mergers in the high tech industry
Yaakov Weber; Shlomo Yedidia Tarba; Ziva Rozen Bachar
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 103 - 118
The present paper presents a case study of a merger between Israeli and British high-tech companies and illustrates the effect that the choice of post-merger integration approach has on the success or failure of a cross-border merger and acquisition. The study extends existing knowledge of cross-cultural management in international high-tech mergers by analysing the effects of cultural differences on the effectiveness of the symbiosis integration approach.

]]> 10.1504/WREMSD.2012.044490 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2012) pp. 103 - 118 Yaakov Weber; Shlomo Yedidia Tarba; Ziva Rozen Bachar School of Business Administration, College of Management, 7 Rabin Boulevard, Rishon Lezion, 75190, Israel. ' School of Business Administration, The Center of Law and Business, 26 Ben-Gurion Str., Ramat-Gan, 51108, Israel. ' Department of Political Sciences, The Western Galilee College, Acre, 24121, Israel; Department of Public Policy and Management, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel national culture corporate culture differences post-merger integration organisational culture international mergers high tech industry high technology mergers and acquisitions. 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00 8 1 103 118 2011-12-27T23:20:50-05:00