International Journal of Water http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=32&year=2011&vol=6&issue=1/2 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Water 1465-6620 1741-5322 © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijw_scoverijw.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=32&year=2011&vol=6&issue=1/2 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43313 In this study, the groundwater vulnerability to pollution was evaluated for Astaneh-Kouchesfahan Plain, Northern Iran using GIS DRASTIC model. Based upon available data, six thematic maps were generated and intrinsic vulnerability map was developed based upon calculations from various mapped layers and DRASTIC index. The results show that low, moderate, high and very high groundwater vulnerability risk zones cover around 12, 52, 28 and 8% of the area, respectively. Finally, in order to verify the model, the categorised DRASTIC map was compared with a categorized TDS map and the results shows that the areas including enhanced values of TDS correspond with those with higher DRASTIC ratings. GIS DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability estimation of Astaneh-Kouchesfahan Plain, Northern Iran
Masoud Saatsaz; Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman; Saeid Eslamian; Kourosh Mohammadi
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 1 - 14
In this study, the groundwater vulnerability to pollution was evaluated for Astaneh-Kouchesfahan Plain, Northern Iran using GIS DRASTIC model. Based upon available data, six thematic maps were generated and intrinsic vulnerability map was developed based upon calculations from various mapped layers and DRASTIC index. The results show that low, moderate, high and very high groundwater vulnerability risk zones cover around 12, 52, 28 and 8% of the area, respectively. Finally, in order to verify the model, the categorised DRASTIC map was compared with a categorized TDS map and the results shows that the areas including enhanced values of TDS correspond with those with higher DRASTIC ratings.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043313 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 1 - 14 Masoud Saatsaz; Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman; Saeid Eslamian; Kourosh Mohammadi Department of Environmental Science, University Putra of Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ' Department of Environmental Science, University Putra of Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ' Department of Water Engineering, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran. ' Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran aquifer vulnerability DRASTIC GIS groundwater pollution Iran water pollution modelling. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 1 14 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43314 The Musi basin is a sub-basin of the river Krishna in India. Data on ground water levels for 20 years (1985 2004) including the data of Digital Water Level Recorders (DWLR) is analysed to investigate the large scale ground water withdrawal and its affects on reducing the inflows reaching the downstream reservoirs in the basin. The investigations have revealed that the deeper the pre-monsoon ground water levels, the more the recharge to the ground water from the rainfall, consequently reducing the runoff from the basin resulting in the closer of the basin. Large scale groundwater withdrawal and its consequences on the closing of the upper Musi basin in India
B. Venkateswara Rao; Rajesh Nune; M.V.S. Rajesh; S.T. Vijaya Sarada
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 15 - 28
The Musi basin is a sub-basin of the river Krishna in India. Data on ground water levels for 20 years (1985 2004) including the data of Digital Water Level Recorders (DWLR) is analysed to investigate the large scale ground water withdrawal and its affects on reducing the inflows reaching the downstream reservoirs in the basin. The investigations have revealed that the deeper the pre-monsoon ground water levels, the more the recharge to the ground water from the rainfall, consequently reducing the runoff from the basin resulting in the closer of the basin.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043314 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 15 - 28 B. Venkateswara Rao; Rajesh Nune; M.V.S. Rajesh; S.T. Vijaya Sarada Centre For Water Resources, Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India. ' Centre For Water Resources, Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India. ' Centre For Water Resources, Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India. ' Centre For Water Resources, Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India Musi basin India water recharge rainfall water reservoir inflows pre-monsoon groundwater levels post-monsoon groundwater levels monsoon runoff reduction. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 15 28 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43315 In this study, groundwater modelling was proposed as management tool in Ramhormooz Plain, south western Iran. After definition of a conceptual model, the necessary data were defined into various packages of MODFLOW. Subsequently, the model was calibrated by trial and error estimation and the results were finally optimised by PMWIN through PEST code. After verification process, the model was used as a management tool for evaluating four management alternatives, including prediction of groundwater levels according to average historical recharge and discharge conditions, development of aquifer, prediction of aquifer response to installation of drainage and response against conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in critical areas. The application of groundwater modelling to simulate the behaviour of groundwater resources in the Ramhormooz Aquifer, Iran
Masoud Saatsaz; Manouchehr Chitsazan; Saeid Eslamian; Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 29 - 42
In this study, groundwater modelling was proposed as management tool in Ramhormooz Plain, south western Iran. After definition of a conceptual model, the necessary data were defined into various packages of MODFLOW. Subsequently, the model was calibrated by trial and error estimation and the results were finally optimised by PMWIN through PEST code. After verification process, the model was used as a management tool for evaluating four management alternatives, including prediction of groundwater levels according to average historical recharge and discharge conditions, development of aquifer, prediction of aquifer response to installation of drainage and response against conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in critical areas.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043315 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 29 - 42 Masoud Saatsaz; Manouchehr Chitsazan; Saeid Eslamian; Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman Department of Environmental Science, University Putra of Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ' Department of Geology, College of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Golestan Blvd., Ahvaz 61357-831351, Iran. ' Department of Water Engineering, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran. ' Department of Environmental Science, University Putra of Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia groundwater modelling numerical modelling MODFLOW PMWIN Ramhormooz Aquifer Iran water management. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 29 42 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43316 The Namoi catchment is an intensively developed irrigation area in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) and has a mixture of land use types including cropping, pasture and forests. It is yet to implement an integrated groundwater and surface water management system. The Soil Water Assessment Tool was applied for the Namoi to estimate surface runoff and groundwater contribution to streams. SWAT estimates showed that the water yield is substantially lower in areas where grazing natural vegetation and plantations are located. Areas where modified pastures and natural and conservation forests are located have generated higher water yield. The variation of water yield in relation to climatic factors and different types of land use can be used to identify areas where water saving can be made through adopting better management practices in an integrated groundwater and surface water management system. Estimating water yield response to land use in the Namoi catchment of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia
Kemachandra Ranatunga
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 43 - 56
The Namoi catchment is an intensively developed irrigation area in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) and has a mixture of land use types including cropping, pasture and forests. It is yet to implement an integrated groundwater and surface water management system. The Soil Water Assessment Tool was applied for the Namoi to estimate surface runoff and groundwater contribution to streams. SWAT estimates showed that the water yield is substantially lower in areas where grazing natural vegetation and plantations are located. Areas where modified pastures and natural and conservation forests are located have generated higher water yield. The variation of water yield in relation to climatic factors and different types of land use can be used to identify areas where water saving can be made through adopting better management practices in an integrated groundwater and surface water management system.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043316 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 43 - 56 Kemachandra Ranatunga Integrated Water Sciences Program, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, GP.O. Box 858, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia SWAT soil water assessment tool water use water yield runoff Australia irrigation integrated management groundwater management surface water management grazing natural vegetation plantations modified pastures forests. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 43 56 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43317 The aim of this paper is to review the water resources of the Korisos basin located in the NW Greece and to explore the ground- and surface water interactions. Based on results, it can be concluded that there is a hydraulic communication between the torrent flow and the alluvial aquifer, indicating the important role of stream flow to recharge the alluvial aquifer. Total abstraction from the aquifer appears to be sustainable as deduced from groundwater level measurements. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the exploitation of surface water and groundwater simultaneously would allow a maximisation of water use efficiency. Water resources in Korisos basin, NW Greece: interactions between surface and ground water
Christina Gianneli; Kostas Voudouris; Georgios Soulios
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 57 - 73
The aim of this paper is to review the water resources of the Korisos basin located in the NW Greece and to explore the ground- and surface water interactions. Based on results, it can be concluded that there is a hydraulic communication between the torrent flow and the alluvial aquifer, indicating the important role of stream flow to recharge the alluvial aquifer. Total abstraction from the aquifer appears to be sustainable as deduced from groundwater level measurements. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the exploitation of surface water and groundwater simultaneously would allow a maximisation of water use efficiency.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043317 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 57 - 73 Christina Gianneli; Kostas Voudouris; Georgios Soulios Laboratory of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Aristotle University, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. ' Laboratory of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Aristotle University, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. ' Laboratory of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Aristotle University, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece alluvial aquifers Greece hydrological balance water management water resources groundwater surface water torrent flow stream flow aquifer recharge water use. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 57 73 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43318 Bangladesh, through its complex network of river systems, drains an area of about 1.76 million km<SUP align=right>2</SUP> of the catchments of the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna, of which only 7.5% lies in Bangladesh. The Sundarbans is situated in the Ganges catchment area, which is known as the single largest mangrove forest and unique ecosystem in the world. It has an area 6017 km<SUP align=right>2</SUP> and a natural shield that protects the coastal area from storm surges and cyclones. It also plays a potential role in the regional economy and ecosystems. Since the diversion of Ganges water at Farakka Barrage in India from early 1975, as a result the water and soil salinity has penetrated. Consequently, both siltation and increased salinity have degraded water quality in the Sundarbans rivers, and threats for mangrove ecosystems. At present, ground water use in the study area is less because of high salinity intrusion. For salinity investigation, time series data for four years (13 rivers) were used for water salinity modelling. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the water salinity approximation in the Sundarbans rivers, which will be considered as a tool for decision making. It will make a contribution to develop an interdisciplinary management plan and to ensure that fresh water is supplied to the Sundarbans by the Ganges for the protection of mangrove ecosystems. Water salinity investigation in the Sundarbans rivers in Bangladesh
Shafi Noor Islam; Albrecht Gnauck
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 74 - 91
Bangladesh, through its complex network of river systems, drains an area of about 1.76 million km<SUP align=right>2</SUP> of the catchments of the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna, of which only 7.5% lies in Bangladesh. The Sundarbans is situated in the Ganges catchment area, which is known as the single largest mangrove forest and unique ecosystem in the world. It has an area 6017 km<SUP align=right>2</SUP> and a natural shield that protects the coastal area from storm surges and cyclones. It also plays a potential role in the regional economy and ecosystems. Since the diversion of Ganges water at Farakka Barrage in India from early 1975, as a result the water and soil salinity has penetrated. Consequently, both siltation and increased salinity have degraded water quality in the Sundarbans rivers, and threats for mangrove ecosystems. At present, ground water use in the study area is less because of high salinity intrusion. For salinity investigation, time series data for four years (13 rivers) were used for water salinity modelling. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the water salinity approximation in the Sundarbans rivers, which will be considered as a tool for decision making. It will make a contribution to develop an interdisciplinary management plan and to ensure that fresh water is supplied to the Sundarbans by the Ganges for the protection of mangrove ecosystems.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043318 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 74 - 91 Shafi Noor Islam; Albrecht Gnauck Institute of Geography, Free University of Berlin, Germany; Department of Ecosystems and Environmental Informatics, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, P.O. Box 101344, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. ' Department of Ecosystems and Environmental Informatics, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, P.O. Box 101344, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany Ganges river Sundarbans water salinity approximation mangrove ecosystems Bangladesh salt water water management groundwater use modelling. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 74 91 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43319 This paper focuses on the work done through the INRGREF to collect and analyse available information on water resources in Tunisia. It presents the quantity and quality of surface and groundwater resources data. Water resources in Tunisia are characterised by scarcity and a pronounced irregularity. Tunisia has been able to develop a complex and diverse water infrastructure allowing the country to mobilise and exploit available water resources. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the current water situation in Tunisia by presenting its water potential with a focus on its regime and spatial variability, water demand trends for the different economic sectors, the choices made to manage the water balance deficits, and the various problems and challenges faced in managing this resource. Water resources and management in Tunisia
Noureddine Gaaloul
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 92 - 116
This paper focuses on the work done through the INRGREF to collect and analyse available information on water resources in Tunisia. It presents the quantity and quality of surface and groundwater resources data. Water resources in Tunisia are characterised by scarcity and a pronounced irregularity. Tunisia has been able to develop a complex and diverse water infrastructure allowing the country to mobilise and exploit available water resources. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the current water situation in Tunisia by presenting its water potential with a focus on its regime and spatial variability, water demand trends for the different economic sectors, the choices made to manage the water balance deficits, and the various problems and challenges faced in managing this resource.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043319 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 92 - 116 Noureddine Gaaloul National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water And Forestry (INRGREF), Rue Hedi Karray, B.P.10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia water resources surface water groundwater salinity Tunisia water management. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 92 116 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=43320 Traditionally, managing water resources has focused on surface water or groundwater as if they were separate entities. As development of land and water resources increases, it is apparent that development of either these resources affects the quantity and quality of the other. Nearly all surface water features interact with groundwater. These interactions take many forms. This paper provides an overview of the case studies and methods that are currently applied and described in the literature for estimating fluxes at the groundwater surface water interface. Suggestions for performing further case studies in different climates are finally presented. A country case study comparison on groundwater and surface water interaction
Saeid Eslamian; Sara Shaeri Karimi; Faezeh Eslamian
International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 117 - 136
Traditionally, managing water resources has focused on surface water or groundwater as if they were separate entities. As development of land and water resources increases, it is apparent that development of either these resources affects the quantity and quality of the other. Nearly all surface water features interact with groundwater. These interactions take many forms. This paper provides an overview of the case studies and methods that are currently applied and described in the literature for estimating fluxes at the groundwater surface water interface. Suggestions for performing further case studies in different climates are finally presented.

]]> 10.1504/IJW.2011.043320 International Journal of Water, Vol. 6, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 117 - 136 Saeid Eslamian; Sara Shaeri Karimi; Faezeh Eslamian Department of Water, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran. ' Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. ' Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran interaction groundwater surface water water resources water management. 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00 6 1/2 117 136 2011-10-24T23:20:50-05:00