International Journal of Tourism Anthropology http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=343&year=2012&vol=2&issue=1 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Tourism Anthropology 1759-0442 1759-0450 © 2012 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijta_scoverijta.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=343&year=2012&vol=2&issue=1 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=46092 This paper explores how tourism has been embraced as an entrepreneurial activity by an indigenous group in Lapland, Sweden. Since 1996, the Laponia area, a national park in Lapland province, has been a UNESCO World Heritage site and, consequently, a growing amount of tourists has visited the region. The study examines whether the indigenous people of Sweden, the Sami, perceive tourism as a viable activity and as a new venture to support their economy and cultural welfare. The findings suggest that tourism entrepreneurship can complement the cultural group's existing livelihood strategies. In addition, indigenous innovation and entrepreneurship aims mainly at improving the indigenous quality of life, preserving their cultural heritage, nature included, and, ultimately, supporting the survival of the cultural group. Innovation and entrepreneurship in Swedish Lapland
Horacio U. Palomino
International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 1 - 15
This paper explores how tourism has been embraced as an entrepreneurial activity by an indigenous group in Lapland, Sweden. Since 1996, the Laponia area, a national park in Lapland province, has been a UNESCO World Heritage site and, consequently, a growing amount of tourists has visited the region. The study examines whether the indigenous people of Sweden, the Sami, perceive tourism as a viable activity and as a new venture to support their economy and cultural welfare. The findings suggest that tourism entrepreneurship can complement the cultural group's existing livelihood strategies. In addition, indigenous innovation and entrepreneurship aims mainly at improving the indigenous quality of life, preserving their cultural heritage, nature included, and, ultimately, supporting the survival of the cultural group.

]]> 10.1504/IJTA.2012.046092 International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 1 - 15 Horacio U. Palomino Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland indigenous tourism indigenous innovation livelihood strategies indigenous entrepreneurship sociocultural-ecological systems Sami Laponia Sweden Swedish Lapland indigenous groups national parks World Heritage sites UNESCO UN United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization indigenous peoples viable activities new ventures economy cultural welfare quality of life cultural heritage nature anthropology tourist industry tourists. 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 1 1 15 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=46093 The '5.12' earthquake of China has caused extremely serious damage to the tourism industry in the earthquake area in Sichuan including Longmenshan geological fault zone. Tourism infrastructure and tourism attractions are all destroyed and visitors' confidence is heavily hurt; on the other hand, high frequency and high intensity reports from medias over the world about disaster and disaster relief has greatly improved the area's visibility, therefore, the tourism infrastructure can get improvements, and the tourist location greatly ascend. Threats and opportunities for the tourism industry in ecological reconstruction regions of Longmenshan geological fault zone are exist with each other. In this paper, we argue that restoration and reconstruction of tourism industry in Longmenshan geological fault zone after the disaster should be committed to such measures: enhancing the confidence of tourists, upgrading tourism products and industries, and overall planning the development of the tourism industry outside the region. Fortune or misfortune: threats and opportunities for the development of the tourism industry in the heavily attacked area in '5.12' earthquake of China
Yan Shen; Shiming Li; Ke Jiang; Ping Hu
International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 16 - 33
The '5.12' earthquake of China has caused extremely serious damage to the tourism industry in the earthquake area in Sichuan including Longmenshan geological fault zone. Tourism infrastructure and tourism attractions are all destroyed and visitors' confidence is heavily hurt; on the other hand, high frequency and high intensity reports from medias over the world about disaster and disaster relief has greatly improved the area's visibility, therefore, the tourism infrastructure can get improvements, and the tourist location greatly ascend. Threats and opportunities for the tourism industry in ecological reconstruction regions of Longmenshan geological fault zone are exist with each other. In this paper, we argue that restoration and reconstruction of tourism industry in Longmenshan geological fault zone after the disaster should be committed to such measures: enhancing the confidence of tourists, upgrading tourism products and industries, and overall planning the development of the tourism industry outside the region.

]]> 10.1504/IJTA.2012.046093 International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 16 - 33 Yan Shen; Shiming Li; Ke Jiang; Ping Hu School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, D-610054 Cheng Du, China. ' School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, D-610054 Cheng Du, China. ' School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, D-610054 Cheng Du, China. ' School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, D-610054 Cheng Du, China Wenchuan earthquakes law eco-redevelopment areas China break pane effect criminology disaster economics natural disasters threats opportunities Sichuan Longmenshan geological faults tourism infrastructure tourism attractions visitor confidence high frequency reports high intensity reports media coverage disaster relief publicity ecological reconstruction ecology tourist confidence product upgrading planning regions regional development tourism development anthropology tourist industry tourists. 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 1 16 33 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=46094 Drawing from primarily quantitative data collected in 2010 among adult residents (n = 204) in the state-planned tourism destination of Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper examines the ways in which local residents perceive the social effects of regional tourism development. Currently, socio-demographic impacts of tourism are insufficiently addressed within developing economies and within tourism development initiatives crafted and implemented under state control. Field-tested questionnaire data and ethnographic fieldwork indicate that among Huatulco residents tourism is not viewed as positively associated with increasing rates of crime, prostitution, or drugs. However, increasing variables such as traffic, noise, littering, or population size are associated with Huatulco's tourism economy. Huatulco residents' views on population mobility are mixed. The results presented herein support previous findings within the literatures on tourism impacts, as well as challenge some existing assertions on the correlations between tourism development and social changes within host communities. Social impacts of tourism as perceived by state-planned tourism destination residents: the case of Huatulco, Mexico
Juan Carlos Monterrubio; Gregory S. Gullette; M. Marivel Mendoza-Ontiveros; María José Fernández; Ana C. Luque
International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 34 - 52
Drawing from primarily quantitative data collected in 2010 among adult residents (n = 204) in the state-planned tourism destination of Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper examines the ways in which local residents perceive the social effects of regional tourism development. Currently, socio-demographic impacts of tourism are insufficiently addressed within developing economies and within tourism development initiatives crafted and implemented under state control. Field-tested questionnaire data and ethnographic fieldwork indicate that among Huatulco residents tourism is not viewed as positively associated with increasing rates of crime, prostitution, or drugs. However, increasing variables such as traffic, noise, littering, or population size are associated with Huatulco's tourism economy. Huatulco residents' views on population mobility are mixed. The results presented herein support previous findings within the literatures on tourism impacts, as well as challenge some existing assertions on the correlations between tourism development and social changes within host communities.

]]> 10.1504/IJTA.2012.046094 International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 34 - 52 Juan Carlos Monterrubio; Gregory S. Gullette; M. Marivel Mendoza-Ontiveros; María José Fernández; Ana C. Luque Centro Universitario UAEM Texcoco, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Texcoco, Edo. Mex., 56259, Mexico. ' Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA. ' Centro Universitario UAEM Texcoco, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Texcoco, Edo. Mex., 56259, Mexico. ' Instituto de Turismo, Universidad del Mar, Santa María Huatulco, Oax., 70989, Mexico. ' Departamento de Economía y Negocios, Universidad del Mar, Cancún, Q. Roo, 77528 Mexico Mexico social impacts tourism assessment state tourism tourism planning participatory development tourism perceptions tourism destinations local residents Huatulco Oaxaca regional tourism regional development regions socio-demographic impacts developing economies tourism development tourism initiatives state control crime rates prostitution drugs increasing variables traffic noise litter pollution littering population size tourism economy population mobility social change host communities anthropology tourist industry tourists. 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 1 34 52 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=46095 This work addresses the issue of personalised tours in cultural heritage domains, by exploiting methods and techniques developed for e-learning, in particular those that regard personalised e-learning courses. The main idea of our work is that a tour in a museum or in an archaeological site, either fully virtual or blended, may be managed through an e-learning environment. We propose the use of the LECOMPS5, an e-learning environment, to provide museums or other cultural sites with the capability of automatically planning personalised tours, according to visitors' needs and interests. We also show an example of an application of this system to an ancient archaeological site called Lucus Feroniae, showing how an e-learning platform can be successfully used for guiding visitors. The use of e-learning methodologies and technologies for generating personalised tours in cultural heritage environments
Carla Limongelli; Filippo Sciarrone; Marco Temperini; G. Vaste
International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 53 - 70
This work addresses the issue of personalised tours in cultural heritage domains, by exploiting methods and techniques developed for e-learning, in particular those that regard personalised e-learning courses. The main idea of our work is that a tour in a museum or in an archaeological site, either fully virtual or blended, may be managed through an e-learning environment. We propose the use of the LECOMPS5, an e-learning environment, to provide museums or other cultural sites with the capability of automatically planning personalised tours, according to visitors' needs and interests. We also show an example of an application of this system to an ancient archaeological site called Lucus Feroniae, showing how an e-learning platform can be successfully used for guiding visitors.

]]> 10.1504/IJTA.2012.046095 International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 53 - 70 Carla Limongelli; Filippo Sciarrone; Marco Temperini; G. Vaste Department of Computer Science and Automation, Roma Tre Un., Via della Vasca Navale, 79 00146 Roma, Italy. ' Department of Computer Science and Automation, Roma Tre Un. and Open Informatica, s.r.l. – E-learning Division, Via dei Castelli Romani, 12A 00040 Pomezia, Italy. ' Department of Computer and System Sciences, Sapienza Un. Via Ariosto, 25 00184 Roma, Italy. ' Department of Computer Science and Automation, Roma Tre Un., Via della Vasca Navale, 79 00146 Roma, Italy electronic tourism e-tourism e-learning personalised tours automated planning electronic learning online learning internet world wide web cultural heritage cultural environments cultural domains personalised courses museums archaeological sites archaeology virtual tours blended tours cultural sites Lecomps5 automatic planning visitor needs visitor interests e-learning platforms visitor guiding guides Lucus Feroniae Capena Etruria anthropology tourist industry tourists. 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 1 53 70 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=46062 There has been a recent trend to conclude that it is impossible, or at least unproductive, to differentiate pilgrimage from tourism. We challenge this trend by arguing that pilgrimage can be defined and distinguished from tourism by examining how these words are used literally. We conclude that pilgrimage can be defined as a journey claimed to be undertaken for reasons involving religious sacrifice, and that applying the word pilgrimage to tourism is only an example of the use of metaphor. We describe the advantages of establishing a definition of pilgrimage, and explain how our definition may be improved upon through further testing. In defence of differentiating pilgrimage from tourism
Craig T. Palmer; Ryan O. Begley; Kathryn Coe
International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 71 - 85
There has been a recent trend to conclude that it is impossible, or at least unproductive, to differentiate pilgrimage from tourism. We challenge this trend by arguing that pilgrimage can be defined and distinguished from tourism by examining how these words are used literally. We conclude that pilgrimage can be defined as a journey claimed to be undertaken for reasons involving religious sacrifice, and that applying the word pilgrimage to tourism is only an example of the use of metaphor. We describe the advantages of establishing a definition of pilgrimage, and explain how our definition may be improved upon through further testing.

]]> 10.1504/IJTA.2012.046062 International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 71 - 85 Craig T. Palmer; Ryan O. Begley; Kathryn Coe Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, 107 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211-1440, USA. ' Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, 107 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211-1440, USA. ' Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 714 N Senate Ave, EF 2, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA pilgrimages differentiations tourism definitions metaphors religion religious sacrifice postmodern critiques pilgrims postmodernism anthropology tourist industry tourists. 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 1 71 85 2012-03-28T23:20:50-05:00