International Journal of Sensor Networks http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=186&year=2012&vol=11&issue=1 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Sensor Networks 1748-1279 1748-1287 © 2012 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijsnet_scoverijsnet.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=186&year=2012&vol=11&issue=1 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45035 One of the most referred and promising Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications is health monitoring. The small size and portability of nodes have made WSNs the perfect tool to easily monitor a person's health condition. In this type application, as well as in several other critical applications, reliability and mobility are paramount. In this paper we propose a method, based on WSNs and mobile intra-body sensors, to accurately detect the fertile period of women on time and other applications based on intra-vaginal temperature monitoring. In addition, our proposal also introduces the proposal of intra-body micro-cameras to monitor the women's cervix, capable to detect related pathologies. To efficiently support this mobile multimedia application, guaranteeing reliability in a continuous monitoring mode, we make use of a new WSN paradigm based on mobility proxies. Mobile multimedia in wireless sensor networks
Ricardo Silva; Jorge Sá Silva; João Manuel L.P. Caldeira; Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues
International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 3 - 9
One of the most referred and promising Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications is health monitoring. The small size and portability of nodes have made WSNs the perfect tool to easily monitor a person's health condition. In this type application, as well as in several other critical applications, reliability and mobility are paramount. In this paper we propose a method, based on WSNs and mobile intra-body sensors, to accurately detect the fertile period of women on time and other applications based on intra-vaginal temperature monitoring. In addition, our proposal also introduces the proposal of intra-body micro-cameras to monitor the women's cervix, capable to detect related pathologies. To efficiently support this mobile multimedia application, guaranteeing reliability in a continuous monitoring mode, we make use of a new WSN paradigm based on mobility proxies.

]]> 10.1504/IJSNET.2012.045035 International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 3 - 9 Ricardo Silva; Jorge Sá Silva; João Manuel L.P. Caldeira; Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal. ' Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal. ' Instituto de Telecomunicações, Department of Informatics, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. ' Instituto de Telecomunicações, Department of Informatics, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal body sensors mobility proxies mobile multimedia wireless sensor networks WSNs health monitoring healthcare technology fertile periods female fertility intra-vaginal temperature monitoring cervix monitoring. 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 11 1 3 9 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45036 Routing is a challenge to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) for supporting multimedia applications due to nodes' energy constraints and computational capabilities, and the ways sensor nodes obtain forwarding information. In this paper, we propose an online multipath routing protocol that uses nodes' positions to make forwarding decisions at each hop. Real-time decisions are made without any need to have the entire network topology knowledge. The protocol achieves load-balancing and minimises nodes' energy consumption by utilising: (a) smart greedy forwarding scheme for selecting next hop, and (b) walking back forwarding scheme to bypass network holes. Performance comparisons of the proposed protocol (schemes) are made with TPGF and GPSR. The results show that our schemes: (a) maximise the overall network lifespan by not draining energy from some specific nodes, (b) provide QoS delivery for video streams by using best nodes along the route, and (c) scale better in high-density WMSN. Streaming multimedia over WMSNs: an online multipath routing protocol
Samir Medjiah; Toufik Ahmed; Abolghasem Hamid Asgari
International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 10 - 21
Routing is a challenge to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) for supporting multimedia applications due to nodes' energy constraints and computational capabilities, and the ways sensor nodes obtain forwarding information. In this paper, we propose an online multipath routing protocol that uses nodes' positions to make forwarding decisions at each hop. Real-time decisions are made without any need to have the entire network topology knowledge. The protocol achieves load-balancing and minimises nodes' energy consumption by utilising: (a) smart greedy forwarding scheme for selecting next hop, and (b) walking back forwarding scheme to bypass network holes. Performance comparisons of the proposed protocol (schemes) are made with TPGF and GPSR. The results show that our schemes: (a) maximise the overall network lifespan by not draining energy from some specific nodes, (b) provide QoS delivery for video streams by using best nodes along the route, and (c) scale better in high-density WMSN.

]]> 10.1504/IJSNET.2012.045036 International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 10 - 21 Samir Medjiah; Toufik Ahmed; Abolghasem Hamid Asgari CNRS-LaBRI/Université de Bordeaux-1, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 – Talence Cedex, France. ' CNRS-LaBRI/Université de Bordeaux-1, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 – Talence Cedex, France. ' Thales Research and Technology (UK) Ltd., Worton Drive, Worton Grange Business Park, Berkshire, RG2 0SB, UK WSNs WMSN online multipath routing geographic routing angle routing multipath routing energy aware routing QoS quality of service streaming multimedia wireless sensor networks load balancing energy consumption wireless multimedia sensor networks. 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 11 1 10 21 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45037 Due to the limited Field-Of-View (FOV) of a single camera, it is sometimes desired to extend the FOV using multiple cameras. Image stitching is one of the methods that can be used to exploit and remove the redundancy created by the overlapping FOV. However, the memory requirement and the amount of computation for conventional implementation of image stitching are very high. In this paper, this problem is resolved by performing the image stitching and compression in a strip-by-strip manner. First, the stitching parameters are determined by transmitting two reference images to an intermediate node to perform the processing. Then, these parameters are transmitted back to the visual node and stored in there. These parameters will be used to determine the way of stitching the incoming images in a strip-by-strip manner. After the stitching of a strip is done, it can be further compressed using a strip-based compression technique. Low memory image stitching and compression for WMSN using strip-based processing
Wai Chong Chia; Li Wern Chew; Li-Minn Ang; Kah Phooi Seng
International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 22 - 32
Due to the limited Field-Of-View (FOV) of a single camera, it is sometimes desired to extend the FOV using multiple cameras. Image stitching is one of the methods that can be used to exploit and remove the redundancy created by the overlapping FOV. However, the memory requirement and the amount of computation for conventional implementation of image stitching are very high. In this paper, this problem is resolved by performing the image stitching and compression in a strip-by-strip manner. First, the stitching parameters are determined by transmitting two reference images to an intermediate node to perform the processing. Then, these parameters are transmitted back to the visual node and stored in there. These parameters will be used to determine the way of stitching the incoming images in a strip-by-strip manner. After the stitching of a strip is done, it can be further compressed using a strip-based compression technique.

]]> 10.1504/IJSNET.2012.045037 International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 22 - 32 Wai Chong Chia; Li Wern Chew; Li-Minn Ang; Kah Phooi Seng Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia WMSNs wireless multimedia sensor networks low memory image stitching image compression strip-based processing multiple cameras wireless sensor networks WSNs field of view overlapping FOV. 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 11 1 22 32 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45033 This paper presents a very low-memory video compression architecture for implementation in a wireless multimedia sensor network. The approach employs a strip-based processing technique where a group of image sequences is partitioned into strips, and each strip is encoded separately. A new one-dimensional, memory-addressing method is proposed to store the wavelet coefficients at predetermined locations in the strip buffer for ease of coding. To further reduce the memory requirements, the video-coding scheme uses a modified set-partitioning in hierarchical trees algorithm to give a high compression performance. The proposed work is implemented using a soft-core microprocessor-based approach. Simulation tests conducted have verified that even though the proposed video compression architecture using strip-based processing requires a much less complex hardware implementation and its efficient memory organisation uses a lesser amount of embedded memory for processing and buffering, it can still achieve a very good compression performance. Low-memory video compression architecture using strip-based processing for implementation in wireless multimedia sensor networks
Li Wern Chew; Wai Chong Chia; Li-Minn Ang; Kah Phooi Seng
International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 33 - 47
This paper presents a very low-memory video compression architecture for implementation in a wireless multimedia sensor network. The approach employs a strip-based processing technique where a group of image sequences is partitioned into strips, and each strip is encoded separately. A new one-dimensional, memory-addressing method is proposed to store the wavelet coefficients at predetermined locations in the strip buffer for ease of coding. To further reduce the memory requirements, the video-coding scheme uses a modified set-partitioning in hierarchical trees algorithm to give a high compression performance. The proposed work is implemented using a soft-core microprocessor-based approach. Simulation tests conducted have verified that even though the proposed video compression architecture using strip-based processing requires a much less complex hardware implementation and its efficient memory organisation uses a lesser amount of embedded memory for processing and buffering, it can still achieve a very good compression performance.

]]> 10.1504/IJSNET.2012.045033 International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 33 - 47 Li Wern Chew; Wai Chong Chia; Li-Minn Ang; Kah Phooi Seng Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia. ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia. ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia. ' School of Computer Technology, Sunway University, 46150 Selangor, Malaysia low-memory video compression SPIHT set partitioning hierarchical trees strip-based coding video compression architecture wireless multimedia sensor networks WMSNs wireless sensor networks WSNs simulation. 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 11 1 33 47 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45038 The ambition to equip more and more consumer products with sensor intelligence and communication capability entails two major demands for wireless sensor nodes. First, they have to operate for several years. Second, they must be permanently accessible for communication requests. These two demands are in contrast to each other. Regarding a transceiver in permanent receiving mode, the power consumption of a few milliwatts implicates a lifetime in the order of days for a common battery. Addressing the challenge to solve these conflicts, we present a new wake-up receiver approach in this paper. Our solution consumes 5.6 μW of power while listening for a communication request. Furthermore, it possesses a 16-bit address coding for specific WSN wake-up. And moreover, an improved impedance matching with a high sensitivity improves the wake-up distance significantly to 40 m at +10 dBm output power. This approach empowers wireless sensor nodes for the first time to be usable for a wide range of applications. Low-power sensor node with addressable wake-up on-demand capability
G.U. Gamm; M. Kostic; M. Sippel; L.M. Reindl
International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 48 - 56
The ambition to equip more and more consumer products with sensor intelligence and communication capability entails two major demands for wireless sensor nodes. First, they have to operate for several years. Second, they must be permanently accessible for communication requests. These two demands are in contrast to each other. Regarding a transceiver in permanent receiving mode, the power consumption of a few milliwatts implicates a lifetime in the order of days for a common battery. Addressing the challenge to solve these conflicts, we present a new wake-up receiver approach in this paper. Our solution consumes 5.6 μW of power while listening for a communication request. Furthermore, it possesses a 16-bit address coding for specific WSN wake-up. And moreover, an improved impedance matching with a high sensitivity improves the wake-up distance significantly to 40 m at +10 dBm output power. This approach empowers wireless sensor nodes for the first time to be usable for a wide range of applications.

]]> 10.1504/IJSNET.2012.045038 International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 48 - 56 G.U. Gamm; M. Kostic; M. Sippel; L.M. Reindl Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Institute of Microsystems Technology (IMTEK), Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. ' Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Institute of Microsystems Technology (IMTEK), Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. ' Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Institute of Microsystems Technology (IMTEK), Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. ' Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Institute of Microsystems Technology (IMTEK), Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany wireless sensor nodes WSNs wireless sensor networks wake-up receiver wake-up radio on-demand wake-up low power sensor nodes. 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 11 1 48 56 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45034 In this paper, we study the dominating selection optimisation problem with multiple channels and multiple radios in wireless sensor networks. The objective is to maximise the number of targets covered while selecting at most k nodes and at most k<SUB align="right">i channels with each selected node v<SUB align="right">i. Our problem is a general case of the <em>maximum coverage</em> problem. We propose two algorithms: the first one is based on linear programming and PIPAGE rounding, in which its approximation ratio is 1/K(1−(1−1/m)<SUP align="right">m</SUP>), where m is the number of the dominating nodes and K = max k<SUB align="right">i. The second algorithm is based on greedy strategy with low time complexity. The simulation shows that the both two algorithms have good performance. An approximation algorithm for dominating nodes selection in multi-channel multi-radio wireless sensor networks
Deying Li; Lin Liu; Hongwei Du
International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 57 - 65
In this paper, we study the dominating selection optimisation problem with multiple channels and multiple radios in wireless sensor networks. The objective is to maximise the number of targets covered while selecting at most k nodes and at most k<SUB align="right">i channels with each selected node v<SUB align="right">i. Our problem is a general case of the <em>maximum coverage</em> problem. We propose two algorithms: the first one is based on linear programming and PIPAGE rounding, in which its approximation ratio is 1/K(1−(1−1/m)<SUP align="right">m</SUP>), where m is the number of the dominating nodes and K = max k<SUB align="right">i. The second algorithm is based on greedy strategy with low time complexity. The simulation shows that the both two algorithms have good performance.

]]> 10.1504/IJSNET.2012.045034 International Journal of Sensor Networks, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012) pp. 57 - 65 Deying Li; Lin Liu; Hongwei Du Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. ' School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. ' Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Insitute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen, Shenzen 518055, China dominant node selection multi-channel networks multi-radio networks wireless sensor networks WSNs approximation algorithm optimisation. 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00 11 1 57 65 2012-01-22T23:20:50-05:00