International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=141&year=2011&vol=2&issue=3 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications 1743-4939 1743-4947 © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijnhpa_scoverijnhpa.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=141&year=2011&vol=2&issue=3 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=38342 A new vision of the future human civilisation, hydrogen civilisation (HyCi) is generalised. At this rigorous, severe historical period human kind still has a real possibility to save the biosphere and make living out of humanity a possible and real process. The above objective can be achieved only by advantageous all-planetary work along the direction of the ecologically clean and economically sustainable vector 'hydrogen energy → hydrogen economy → HyCi'. The HyCi concept includes three constituent, mutually conditioned parts: industrial-ecological, humanitarian-cultural and geopolitical-international legislative ones. This paper presents a comprehensive and analysed theoretical and humanitarian-cultural groundwork of the transition. The legislative-economic mechanism of the transition to HyCi is formulated, and the way to a hydrogen market economy – the economic basis of the HyCi – is indicated and discussed. The future of human civilisation, hydrogen civilisation: theoretical and humanitarian-cultural groundwork of the transition
Victor A. Goltsov
International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 159 - 177
A new vision of the future human civilisation, hydrogen civilisation (HyCi) is generalised. At this rigorous, severe historical period human kind still has a real possibility to save the biosphere and make living out of humanity a possible and real process. The above objective can be achieved only by advantageous all-planetary work along the direction of the ecologically clean and economically sustainable vector 'hydrogen energy → hydrogen economy → HyCi'. The HyCi concept includes three constituent, mutually conditioned parts: industrial-ecological, humanitarian-cultural and geopolitical-international legislative ones. This paper presents a comprehensive and analysed theoretical and humanitarian-cultural groundwork of the transition. The legislative-economic mechanism of the transition to HyCi is formulated, and the way to a hydrogen market economy – the economic basis of the HyCi – is indicated and discussed.

]]> 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038342 International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 159 - 177 Victor A. Goltsov Donetsk National Technical University, 58, Artyom Street, 83000 Donetsk, Ukraine hydrogen energy hydrogen economy hydrogen civilisation HyCi. 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 3 159 177 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=38343 The search for a sustainable, CO<SUB align=right>2-free massive hydrogen production route is a strong need, if one takes into account the world-wide increasing energy demand, the deterioration of fossil fuel reserves and in particular the increasing CO<SUB align=right>2 concentration leading to global warming. Thermo-chemical cycles for water splitting are considered as a promising alternative of emission-free routes of massive hydrogen production – with potentially higher efficiencies and lower costs compared to alkaline electrolysis of water. The hybrid-sulphur cycle was chosen as one of the most promising cycles from the 'sulphur family' of processes. Different process schemes using concentrated sunlight or nuclear generated heat or a combination of both have been elaborated and analysed by a comparative techno-economic study with regard to their potential of a large-scale hydrogen production. Options for a hybridisation of the energy supply between solar and nuclear have been also investigated, particular focused on the coupling of concentrated solar radiation into a round-the-clock operated process. Process design and simulation, industrial scale-up assessments including safety analysis and cost evaluations were performed to analyse reliability and potential of those process concepts. Potential of hybridisation of the thermochemical hybrid-sulphur cycle for the production of hydrogen by using nuclear and solar energy in the same plant
Nathalie Monnerie, Mark Schmitz, Martin Roeb, Dominik Quantius, Daniela Graf, Christian Sattler, Daniel De Lorenzo
International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 178 - 201
The search for a sustainable, CO<SUB align=right>2-free massive hydrogen production route is a strong need, if one takes into account the world-wide increasing energy demand, the deterioration of fossil fuel reserves and in particular the increasing CO<SUB align=right>2 concentration leading to global warming. Thermo-chemical cycles for water splitting are considered as a promising alternative of emission-free routes of massive hydrogen production – with potentially higher efficiencies and lower costs compared to alkaline electrolysis of water. The hybrid-sulphur cycle was chosen as one of the most promising cycles from the 'sulphur family' of processes. Different process schemes using concentrated sunlight or nuclear generated heat or a combination of both have been elaborated and analysed by a comparative techno-economic study with regard to their potential of a large-scale hydrogen production. Options for a hybridisation of the energy supply between solar and nuclear have been also investigated, particular focused on the coupling of concentrated solar radiation into a round-the-clock operated process. Process design and simulation, industrial scale-up assessments including safety analysis and cost evaluations were performed to analyse reliability and potential of those process concepts.

]]> 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038343 International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 178 - 201 Nathalie Monnerie Mark Schmitz Martin Roeb Dominik Quantius Daniela Graf Christian Sattler Daniel De Lorenzo German Aerospace Centre – DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics – Solar Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany. ' German Aerospace Centre – DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics – Solar Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany. ' German Aerospace Centre – DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics – Solar Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany. ' German Aerospace Centre – DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics – Solar Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany. ' German Aerospace Centre – DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics – Solar Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany. ' German Aerospace Centre – DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics – Solar Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany. ' Empresarios Agrupados Internacional, S.A., EA – Madrid, Spain thermochemical cycle hybrid sulphur cycle solar energy economics sulphur-iodine cycle sulphuric acid process modelling nuclear energy solar power nuclear power water splitting hydrogen production process design simulation safety analysis cost evaluation reliability. 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 3 178 201 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=38344 The European FP7 project HycycleS focuses on providing detailed solutions for the design of specific key components for sulphur-based thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production. The key components necessary for the high temperature part of those processes, the thermal decomposition of H<SUB align=right>2SO<SUB align=right>4, are a compact heat exchanger for SO<SUB align=right>3 decomposition for operation by solar and nuclear heat, a receiver-reactor for solar H<SUB align=right>2SO<SUB align=right>4 decomposition, and membranes as product separator and as promoter of the SO<SUB align=right>3 decomposition. Silicon carbide has been identified as the preferred construction material. Its stability is tested at high temperature and in a highly corrosive atmosphere. Another focus is catalyst materials for the reduction of SO<SUB align=right>3. Requirement specifications were set up as basis for design and sizing of the intended prototypes. Rigs for corrosion tests, catalyst tests and selectivity of separation membranes have been designed, built and completed. Prototypes of the mentioned components have been designed and tested. HycycleS: a project on nuclear and solar hydrogen production by sulphur-based thermochemical cycles
M. Roeb, D. Thomey, D. Graf, C. Sattler, S. Poitou, F. Pra, P. Tochon, C. Mansilla, J-C. Robin, F. Le Naour, R.W.K. Allen, R. Elder, I. Atkin, G. Karagiannakis, C. Agrafiotis, A.G. Konstandopoulos, M. Musella, P. Haehner, A. Giaconia, S. Sau, P. Tarquini, S. Haussener, A. Steinfeld, S. Martinez, I. Canadas, A. Orden, M. Ferrato, J. Hinkley, E. Lahoda, B. Wong
International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 202 - 226
The European FP7 project HycycleS focuses on providing detailed solutions for the design of specific key components for sulphur-based thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production. The key components necessary for the high temperature part of those processes, the thermal decomposition of H<SUB align=right>2SO<SUB align=right>4, are a compact heat exchanger for SO<SUB align=right>3 decomposition for operation by solar and nuclear heat, a receiver-reactor for solar H<SUB align=right>2SO<SUB align=right>4 decomposition, and membranes as product separator and as promoter of the SO<SUB align=right>3 decomposition. Silicon carbide has been identified as the preferred construction material. Its stability is tested at high temperature and in a highly corrosive atmosphere. Another focus is catalyst materials for the reduction of SO<SUB align=right>3. Requirement specifications were set up as basis for design and sizing of the intended prototypes. Rigs for corrosion tests, catalyst tests and selectivity of separation membranes have been designed, built and completed. Prototypes of the mentioned components have been designed and tested.

]]> 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038344 International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 202 - 226 M. Roeb D. Thomey D. Graf C. Sattler S. Poitou F. Pra P. Tochon C. Mansilla J-C. Robin F. Le Naour R.W.K. Allen R. Elder I. Atkin G. Karagiannakis C. Agrafiotis A.G. Konstandopoulos M. Musella P. Haehner A. Giaconia S. Sau P. Tarquini S. Haussener A. Steinfeld S. Martinez I. Canadas A. Orden M. Ferrato J. Hinkley E. Lahoda B. Wong Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., Solar Research, Linder Hohe, 51147 Koln, Germany. ' Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., Solar Research, Linder Hohe, 51147 Koln, Germany. ' Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., Solar Research, Linder Hohe, 51147 Koln, Germany. ' Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., Solar Research, Linder Hohe, 51147 Koln, Germany. ' Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), DRT/LITEN/DTS/LETh-GRETh, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France. ' Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), DRT/LITEN/DTS/LETh-GRETh, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France. ' Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), DRT/LITEN/DTS/LETh-GRETh, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France. ' Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), DRT/LITEN/DTS/LETh-GRETh, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France. ' Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), DRT/LITEN/DTS/LETh-GRETh, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France. ' Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), DRT/LITEN/DTS/LETh-GRETh, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France. ' Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. ' Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. ' Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. ' Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory, Center for Research and Technology, Hellas/Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, 6th km. Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thermi Thessaloniki, Greece. ' Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory, Center for Research and Technology, Hellas/Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, 6th km. Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thermi Thessaloniki, Greece. ' Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory, Center for Research and Technology, Hellas/Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, 6th km. Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thermi Thessaloniki, Greece. ' European Commission, JRC – Institute for Energy (SFNR), Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, Netherlands. ' European Commission, JRC – Institute for Energy (SFNR), Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, Netherlands. ' Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA) – Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 S. Maria di Galeria (Roma), Italy. ' Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA) – Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 S. Maria di Galeria (Roma), Italy. ' Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA) – Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 S. Maria di Galeria (Roma), Italy. ' Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Institut fur Energietechnik, ML J 42.1. Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ' Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Institut fur Energietechnik, ML J 42.1. Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ' Empresarios Agrupados A.I.E., Magallanes 3, 28015 Madrid, Spain. ' Empresarios Agrupados A.I.E., Magallanes 3, 28015 Madrid, Spain. ' Empresarios Agrupados A.I.E., Magallanes 3, 28015 Madrid, Spain. ' BOOSTEC S.A., Zone Industrielle, 65460 Bazet, France. ' CSIRO – Energy Technology, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Steel River Industrial Park, Mayfield West, NSW 2304, Australia. ' Westinghouse Electric Company, Suite 678, 600 Cranberry Woods Drive 418d, Cranberry Township, PA 16066, USA. ' Inertial Fusion Technology, General Atomics 22T-115, 3550 General Atomics Ct., San Diego, CA 92121, USA sulphur corrosion tests catalyst tests separation membranes silicon carbide thermochemical cycle nuclear hydrogen solar hydrogen production nuclear energy nuclear power solar energy solar power heat exchangers. 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 3 202 226 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=38345 Careful optimisation of a safe and sustainable route for hydrogen production is a pressing need. Thermochemical processes employing water as raw material and nuclear/renewable energies as energy source are believed to be the best possible option in this direction, while alarming issues such as climate change and global warming are being taken into account. Amongst the well-identified cycles, the sulphur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical route assumes the highest thermal efficiency and the best one as regards its coupling to a high temperature nuclear reactor. Material development is the key issue to be addressed to realise successfully the potential of the S-I cycle. The most important area is development of gas-permeable membranes for enhancement of the equilibrium decomposition of HI, which is the most intricate step as far as the overall process efficiency is concerned. In order to overcome the low efficiency associated with the low equilibrium decomposition of HI, the authors intend to develop a hydrogen permselective membrane reactor. As a first step towards this development, a silica membrane of asymmetric nature was developed using sol-gel processing and dip coating, and characterised using scanning electron microscopy and a BET surface area analyser. A road map towards realising the successful emergence of the membrane reactor is discussed. Membrane development for applications in hydrogen production using the sulphur-iodine thermochemical route
Soumitra Kar, R.C. Bindal, S. Prabakar, P.K. Tewari, S. Ramanathan, Jeetendra Nuwad, C.G.S. Pillai
International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 227 - 236
Careful optimisation of a safe and sustainable route for hydrogen production is a pressing need. Thermochemical processes employing water as raw material and nuclear/renewable energies as energy source are believed to be the best possible option in this direction, while alarming issues such as climate change and global warming are being taken into account. Amongst the well-identified cycles, the sulphur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical route assumes the highest thermal efficiency and the best one as regards its coupling to a high temperature nuclear reactor. Material development is the key issue to be addressed to realise successfully the potential of the S-I cycle. The most important area is development of gas-permeable membranes for enhancement of the equilibrium decomposition of HI, which is the most intricate step as far as the overall process efficiency is concerned. In order to overcome the low efficiency associated with the low equilibrium decomposition of HI, the authors intend to develop a hydrogen permselective membrane reactor. As a first step towards this development, a silica membrane of asymmetric nature was developed using sol-gel processing and dip coating, and characterised using scanning electron microscopy and a BET surface area analyser. A road map towards realising the successful emergence of the membrane reactor is discussed.

]]> 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038345 International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 227 - 236 Soumitra Kar R.C. Bindal S. Prabakar P.K. Tewari S. Ramanathan Jeetendra Nuwad C.G.S. Pillai Desalination Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India. ' Desalination Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India. ' Desalination Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India. ' Desalination Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India. ' Materials Processing Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India. ' Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India. ' Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India nuclear hydrogen production thermochemical cycle membrane reactors sulphur iodine nuclear energy nuclear power gas-permeable membranes silica membranes sol-gel dip coating. 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 3 227 236 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=38346 The probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is investigated in the case of the operational data shortage which is characteristic of the passive system in gas-cooled nuclear power plants (NPPs). Therefore, it is difficult to make a quantification of the PSA. One of the solutions is to compare the passive system and the active system. Using this comparison, one can find the priority of the passive system reliability. For the modelling, the anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) in the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) and the pressurised water reactor (PWR) is used. Finally, this study decides the difference in the reliability between passive and active systems. The propagation is done by the dynamically modified algorithm (DMA), which highlights the information feedback. The result is analysed by the time changes. Safety assessment for the deficient operation data in the gas-cooled nuclear power plants for hydrogen production
Tae-Ho Woo, Tae-Woo Kim
International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 237 - 245
The probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is investigated in the case of the operational data shortage which is characteristic of the passive system in gas-cooled nuclear power plants (NPPs). Therefore, it is difficult to make a quantification of the PSA. One of the solutions is to compare the passive system and the active system. Using this comparison, one can find the priority of the passive system reliability. For the modelling, the anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) in the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) and the pressurised water reactor (PWR) is used. Finally, this study decides the difference in the reliability between passive and active systems. The propagation is done by the dynamically modified algorithm (DMA), which highlights the information feedback. The result is analysed by the time changes.

]]> 10.1504/IJNHPA.2011.038346 International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2011) pp. 237 - 245 Tae-Ho Woo Tae-Woo Kim Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak 599, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea. ' Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daeduk-daero 1045, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Korea very high temperature reactors VHTR passive reliability anticipated transient without scram ATWS dynamically modified algorithms DMA feedback probabilistic safety assessment nuclear safety deficient operation data gas-cooled NPPs nuclear power plants hydrogen production nuclear energy nuclear power nuclear safety modelling pressurised water reactors PWR. 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 3 237 245 2011-01-28T23:20:50-05:00