International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=152&year=2011&vol=6&issue=1 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies 1744-2621 1744-263X © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijmso_scoverijmso.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=152&year=2011&vol=6&issue=1 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42486 The Basel Capital Agreement (Basel II) required all banking entities actively to manage Operational Risk by means of making explicit measurements and creating specific items in their general ledgers. Currently, the most sophisticated resource for handling transactional information is the XBRL-GL Taxonomy, an electronic dictionary of business elements or digital tags based on eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), the digital mark-up language for financial contexts, which in turn has the special feature of incorporating transactional or Global Ledger (GL) information. This study proposes, in one hand, an extension of that dictionary, to incorporate Operational Risk information, and in the other hand, a simple tool to edit and visualise such reports, called BaselMapper, which is tested with a business expert. Since this experimental tool, BaselMapper, was created in 2007 and validated in 2008, till the publication date of this article, several changes have occurred in both its normative and technical foundations. Due to the financial crisis, the Bank of International Settlements has developed a new set of reforms in banking regulation, beyond the Basel II agreement described here, called Basel III. To consult the current regulatory framework, please visit: http://www.bis.org/bcbs/basel3.htm Operational Risk aspects were not modified. Additionally, a new version of the XBRLGL taxonomy is now available, called Global Ledger, at: http://www.xbrl.org/GLFiles/ that still incorporates the COR-BUS module used here. So, essentially, these changes do not modify the aim of this paper, which is to promote the use of XBRL-enabled technology for Operational Risk measurement in banking institutions at the international level. Further research will be necessary to maintain this tool properly updated, with the substantial participation of more potential users. BaselMapper: an experimental tool for managing operational risk in banks
Enrique Bonson; Tomas Escobar; Francisco Flores
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 1 - 9
The Basel Capital Agreement (Basel II) required all banking entities actively to manage Operational Risk by means of making explicit measurements and creating specific items in their general ledgers. Currently, the most sophisticated resource for handling transactional information is the XBRL-GL Taxonomy, an electronic dictionary of business elements or digital tags based on eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), the digital mark-up language for financial contexts, which in turn has the special feature of incorporating transactional or Global Ledger (GL) information. This study proposes, in one hand, an extension of that dictionary, to incorporate Operational Risk information, and in the other hand, a simple tool to edit and visualise such reports, called BaselMapper, which is tested with a business expert. Since this experimental tool, BaselMapper, was created in 2007 and validated in 2008, till the publication date of this article, several changes have occurred in both its normative and technical foundations. Due to the financial crisis, the Bank of International Settlements has developed a new set of reforms in banking regulation, beyond the Basel II agreement described here, called Basel III. To consult the current regulatory framework, please visit: http://www.bis.org/bcbs/basel3.htm Operational Risk aspects were not modified. Additionally, a new version of the XBRLGL taxonomy is now available, called Global Ledger, at: http://www.xbrl.org/GLFiles/ that still incorporates the COR-BUS module used here. So, essentially, these changes do not modify the aim of this paper, which is to promote the use of XBRL-enabled technology for Operational Risk measurement in banking institutions at the international level. Further research will be necessary to maintain this tool properly updated, with the substantial participation of more potential users.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042486 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 1 - 9 Enrique Bonson; Tomas Escobar; Francisco Flores Department of Accounting and Information Systems, University of Huelva, Spain Plaza Merced s/n, CP21002, Huelva, Spain. ' Department of Accounting and Information Systems, University of Huelva, Spain Plaza Merced s/n, CP21002, Huelva, Spain. ' Department of Accounting and Information Systems, University of Huelva, Spain Plaza Merced s/n, CP21002, Huelva, Spain XBRL eXtensible Business Reporting Language transactional information Basel II operational risk metadata mark-up languages bank risks risk management banking regulation banking reforms Basel Capital Agreement . 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 1 9 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42487 In this paper, we evoke first the ubiquity and the importance of the so-called 'non-fictional narrative' information. This consists of streams of logically and chronologically related elementary events that describe the activities or experiences of some (not necessarily human) characters. We show then that the usual knowledge representation and 'ontological' techniques have difficulties in finding complete solutions for representing and using this type of information. After that, we supply some details about Narrative Knowledge Representation Language (NKRL); NKRL is both a representation language based on the use of 'structured metadata' and a querying/inferencing environment, which has been expressly created for an 'intelligent' exploitation of (mainly non-fictional) narratives. The paper will be illustrated with some examples concerning recent concrete applications of NKRL. A structured metadata approach for dealing in an 'intelligent' way with complex 'narrative' information
Gian Piero Zarri
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 10 - 22
In this paper, we evoke first the ubiquity and the importance of the so-called 'non-fictional narrative' information. This consists of streams of logically and chronologically related elementary events that describe the activities or experiences of some (not necessarily human) characters. We show then that the usual knowledge representation and 'ontological' techniques have difficulties in finding complete solutions for representing and using this type of information. After that, we supply some details about Narrative Knowledge Representation Language (NKRL); NKRL is both a representation language based on the use of 'structured metadata' and a querying/inferencing environment, which has been expressly created for an 'intelligent' exploitation of (mainly non-fictional) narratives. The paper will be illustrated with some examples concerning recent concrete applications of NKRL.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042487 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 10 - 22 Gian Piero Zarri LiSSi Laboratory, University Paris-Est/UPEC, 94400 Vitry sur Seine, France narrative information narratology artificial intelligence structured metadata knowledge representation ontology of concepts ontology of events querying inferencing inference engines non-fictional narrative. 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 10 22 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42462 The Public Service ontology provides researchers and practitioners with a formal, standardised and unambiguous way for modelling public services. To develop the Public Service ontology, a formal ontology development methodology was followed and a generic Public Administration (PA) service model (Peristeras and Tarabanis, 2008) was used as a blueprint. The ontology played the role of the PA Service ontology in the SemanticGov project. The Public Service ontology has also been used for resolving semantic interoperability problems between different PA information systems and for creating Semantic Web Service with rich PA domain semantics. The Public Service ontology: a formal model for describing domain-specific semantics
Nikolaos Loutas; Vassilios Peristeras; Konstantinos Tarabanis
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 23 - 34
The Public Service ontology provides researchers and practitioners with a formal, standardised and unambiguous way for modelling public services. To develop the Public Service ontology, a formal ontology development methodology was followed and a generic Public Administration (PA) service model (Peristeras and Tarabanis, 2008) was used as a blueprint. The ontology played the role of the PA Service ontology in the SemanticGov project. The Public Service ontology has also been used for resolving semantic interoperability problems between different PA information systems and for creating Semantic Web Service with rich PA domain semantics.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042462 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 23 - 34 Nikolaos Loutas; Vassilios Peristeras; Konstantinos Tarabanis Information Systems Lab, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia str, Thessaloniki, 54006, Greece; Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis rd., Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece; Digital Enterprise Research Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, IDA Business Park, Lower Dangan, Galway, Ireland. ' Digital Enterprise Research Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, IDA Business Park, Lower Dangan, Galway, Ireland; Greek National Center for Public Administration and Local Government, Thessaloniki, Greece. ' Information Systems Lab, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia str, Thessaloniki, 54006, Greece; Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis rd., Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece public service ontology public administration semantic interoperability modelling public services information systems semantic web web services. 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 23 34 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42488 A number of specific web accessible databases are developed in order to shed light into biomolecular data, providing novel perspectives about particular scientific problems or presenting innovative data integration approaches. Ontologies constitute an important enhancement, since they allow a better representation of biological data, by providing a hierarchical structure to organise information, enabling more effective queries, statistical analysis and semantic web searching. Here we present our experience in exploiting ontologies to enrich biomolecular databases in diverse biomolecular contexts. The semantic layer improves data organisation, accessibility and analysis and represents an invaluable support to identify relations among biological components. Ontology-based resources for bioinformatics analysis
Federica Viti; Ivan Merelli; Andrea Calabria; Paolo Cozzi; Ettore Mosca; Roberta Alfieri; Luciano Milanesi
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 35 - 45
A number of specific web accessible databases are developed in order to shed light into biomolecular data, providing novel perspectives about particular scientific problems or presenting innovative data integration approaches. Ontologies constitute an important enhancement, since they allow a better representation of biological data, by providing a hierarchical structure to organise information, enabling more effective queries, statistical analysis and semantic web searching. Here we present our experience in exploiting ontologies to enrich biomolecular databases in diverse biomolecular contexts. The semantic layer improves data organisation, accessibility and analysis and represents an invaluable support to identify relations among biological components.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042488 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 35 - 45 Federica Viti; Ivan Merelli; Andrea Calabria; Paolo Cozzi; Ettore Mosca; Roberta Alfieri; Luciano Milanesi Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, 20100, Milan, Italy. ' Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, 20100, Milan, Italy. ' Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione Filarete, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy. ' Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090, Segrate (Mi), Italy. ' Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090, Segrate (Mi), Italy. ' Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090, Segrate (Mi), Italy. ' Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090, Segrate (Mi), Italy biomolecular ontologies bioinformatics resources web databases semantic web data accessibility data analysis data organisation web search. 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 35 45 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42489 We present two examples of scientific results using a semi-automated data synthesis driven by quality, rich-content metadata: 1) Antarctic climate and 2) effects of drought on biodiversity. We use a framework for semi-automated processing of data supported by quality controlled, content-rich metadata expressed in the Ecological Metadata Language (EML). We discuss a set of common practices for EML newcomers as a valuable guide for the EML use. We provide some simple tools that can be used to address quality control as the EML is generated. Based on our extended EML experience, we make recommendations about the future of EML. Examples of ecological data synthesis driven by rich metadata, and practical guidelines to use the Ecological Metadata Language specification to this end
Inigo San Gil; Kristin Vanderbilt; Steve A. Harrington
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 46 - 55
We present two examples of scientific results using a semi-automated data synthesis driven by quality, rich-content metadata: 1) Antarctic climate and 2) effects of drought on biodiversity. We use a framework for semi-automated processing of data supported by quality controlled, content-rich metadata expressed in the Ecological Metadata Language (EML). We discuss a set of common practices for EML newcomers as a valuable guide for the EML use. We provide some simple tools that can be used to address quality control as the EML is generated. Based on our extended EML experience, we make recommendations about the future of EML.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042489 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 46 - 55 Inigo San Gil; Kristin Vanderbilt; Steve A. Harrington LTER Network Office, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. ' Sevilleta LTER, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. ' SAHarrington 70, West St. Middletown, Springs VT 05757, USA metadata EML ecological metadata language LTER long term ecological research network Antarctic climate drought biodiversity ecological data synthesis data integration machine mediated data analysis quality control. 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 46 55 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42490 This paper presents a new algebra for data preparation, processing, search and acquisition. This data management algebra is called CNS-algebra. The proposed data meta-model provides an efficient mathematical model for data gathering on the web. This unified data meta-model is suitable for data models on all levels: from high- or conceptual-level to low- or physical-level models. In the paper, we show how this model can be applied to processing XML documents and schemas. A mathematical model for managing XML data
Ainhoa Serna Nocedal; Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia Arrien; Mark Burgin
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 56 - 73
This paper presents a new algebra for data preparation, processing, search and acquisition. This data management algebra is called CNS-algebra. The proposed data meta-model provides an efficient mathematical model for data gathering on the web. This unified data meta-model is suitable for data models on all levels: from high- or conceptual-level to low- or physical-level models. In the paper, we show how this model can be applied to processing XML documents and schemas.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042490 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 56 - 73 Ainhoa Serna Nocedal; Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia Arrien; Mark Burgin Computing and Electronics Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4 Aptdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon (Gipuzkoa), Spain. ' Computing and Electronics Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4 Aptdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon (Gipuzkoa), Spain. ' Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1555, USA metadata XML documents XML schema algebra data management mathematical modelling metamodelling data search data processing data preparation data acquisition. 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 56 73 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42491 In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the pragmatic web as an extension of the semantic web. After preliminary sketches and initial ideas, more formal attempts at characterising and defining pragmatic aspects of the web have recently emerged. Although some amount of scientific research and a number of applications have appeared under the name of the pragmatic web, there is not yet a common agreement on what the pragmatic web should be and how it should be formalised. In this paper, we consider the pragmatic web to be an augmentation of the semantic web with virtual agents exploiting web content on behalf of human contractors. An intensional perspective on the semantic and pragmatic web
Terje Aaberge; Rajendra Akerkar; Harold Boley
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 74 - 80
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the pragmatic web as an extension of the semantic web. After preliminary sketches and initial ideas, more formal attempts at characterising and defining pragmatic aspects of the web have recently emerged. Although some amount of scientific research and a number of applications have appeared under the name of the pragmatic web, there is not yet a common agreement on what the pragmatic web should be and how it should be formalised. In this paper, we consider the pragmatic web to be an augmentation of the semantic web with virtual agents exploiting web content on behalf of human contractors.

]]> 10.1504/IJMSO.2011.042491 International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) pp. 74 - 80 Terje Aaberge; Rajendra Akerkar; Harold Boley Vestlandsforsking, Sogndal 6851, Norway. ' Vestlandsforsking, Sogndal 6851, Norway. ' Institute for Information Technology, NRC, 46 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 9W4, Canada pragmatic web semantic web pragmatics ontologies intensional semantics knowledge representation virtual agents. 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00 6 1 74 80 2011-09-14T23:20:50-05:00