International Journal of Immunological Studies http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=257&year=2011&vol=1&issue=3 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Immunological Studies 1754-1441 1754-145X © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijis_scoverijis.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=257&year=2011&vol=1&issue=3 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41721 Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression. Breast cancer is a cancer of the glandular breast tissue. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were considered as greatly increasing occurrence of inherited breast cancer, however, it was found that the damaged ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genes were also equal culprits. The ATM gene (NC_000011.8) is very large and mutations occur throughout its amino acid coding portions. The present work discusses the use of bioinformatics tools in analysing the ATM gene's role in breast cancer. Prediction of mutations in ATM gene responsible for breast cancer in women – a cancer-informatics approach
R. Sindhuja, R. Seenivasagam, K. Hemavathi
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 229 - 248
Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression. Breast cancer is a cancer of the glandular breast tissue. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were considered as greatly increasing occurrence of inherited breast cancer, however, it was found that the damaged ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genes were also equal culprits. The ATM gene (NC_000011.8) is very large and mutations occur throughout its amino acid coding portions. The present work discusses the use of bioinformatics tools in analysing the ATM gene's role in breast cancer.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041721 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 229 - 248 R. Sindhuja R. Seenivasagam K. Hemavathi Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA University), Tanjore-613402, Tamilnadu, India. ' Department of Drug Discovery, St. Joseph College, P.B. 27094, 36, Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560027, India. ' Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA University), Tanjore-613402, Tamilnadu, India systems biology in-silico analysis gene mutations breast cancer immunogenetics ataxia telangiectasia ATM genes mutated genes amino acid coding bioinformatics. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 229 248 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41722 Although autoimmune diseases and allergies have recently been associated with each other, the results of the few studies that are available are contradictory. While some of these studies suggest that there is no evidence to assume a connection between autoimmune diseases and allergies, other studies, including some recent animal studies, suggest a connection between these diseases. In this study, we describe the possible connection between autoimmune diseases and allergies. It is important to note that, for the considerations described here, it will be necessary to consider the two types of diseases in a completely different way than has been done so far. Hypothesis for a common-cause underlying both autoimmune-diseases and allergies
Borros M. Arneth
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 249 - 254
Although autoimmune diseases and allergies have recently been associated with each other, the results of the few studies that are available are contradictory. While some of these studies suggest that there is no evidence to assume a connection between autoimmune diseases and allergies, other studies, including some recent animal studies, suggest a connection between these diseases. In this study, we describe the possible connection between autoimmune diseases and allergies. It is important to note that, for the considerations described here, it will be necessary to consider the two types of diseases in a completely different way than has been done so far.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041722 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 249 - 254 Borros M. Arneth Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Technology, Technische Universitat – Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany autoimmunity antigen presentation food allergies T-lymphocytes CD4-T-lymphocytes CD8-T-lymphocytes autoimmune diseases autoimmune allergies. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 249 254 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41723 Hepatitis G virus was identified in 1995. Some work was done on HGV until 1997 and the FDA declared it as a non-harmful virus. This resulted in no screening of virus for blood donors and bags from 1997 until today. A review of scientific literature of the last 16 years, majority identify with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has shown that HGV is quite prevalent around the globe with low to high prevalence in different countries among blood donors and other groups. It was found to be associated in hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and possibly present in hepatocellular carcinoma. It was also seen in hematological disorders and hematological malignancies. It is advisable that screening of blood is better than transferring HGV ignorantly to blood recipients as it was done before, where we did transfer HCV to many individuals which resulted in a lot of morbidities and mortalities. Hepatitis G virus (HGV): where we stand and what to do?
Q. Mughis Uddin Ahmed
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 255 - 263
Hepatitis G virus was identified in 1995. Some work was done on HGV until 1997 and the FDA declared it as a non-harmful virus. This resulted in no screening of virus for blood donors and bags from 1997 until today. A review of scientific literature of the last 16 years, majority identify with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has shown that HGV is quite prevalent around the globe with low to high prevalence in different countries among blood donors and other groups. It was found to be associated in hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and possibly present in hepatocellular carcinoma. It was also seen in hematological disorders and hematological malignancies. It is advisable that screening of blood is better than transferring HGV ignorantly to blood recipients as it was done before, where we did transfer HCV to many individuals which resulted in a lot of morbidities and mortalities.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041723 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 255 - 263 Q. Mughis Uddin Ahmed Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (105), King Abdulaziz Hospital (NGHA), P.O. Box #2477 Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia hepatitis G virus HGV polymerase chain reaction PCR blood donors blood screening blood doning. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 255 263 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41724 Immunologic approaches to cancer therapy rely on two distinct capabilities of the immune system: targeting the tumour microenvironment by recognising molecules expressed to a greater extent on tumour cells than normal cells and generating immune responses that can kill tumour cells. Immunocytokines, which are fusion proteins composed of a recombinant monoclonal antibody and a cytokine, capitalise on both of these capabilities by combining the ability of tumour-specific antibodies selectively to target tumours with the broad-based immunomodulatory activities of cytokines. This review hypothesises the rationale for development of immunocytokines for cancer and discusses preclinical and clinical data on specific immunocytokines being investigated as potential cancer therapies. Cytokine therapy: clinical and progressive status in cancer
Vemuri Praveen Kumar, Mamidi Sai Ratna Mounica, Tadikamalla N.L. Swetha, Gogineni V.S.N. Lakshmi, Tullimilli Anusri, Pemmaraju Lakshmi Amulya, Anne Sirisha
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 264 - 271
Immunologic approaches to cancer therapy rely on two distinct capabilities of the immune system: targeting the tumour microenvironment by recognising molecules expressed to a greater extent on tumour cells than normal cells and generating immune responses that can kill tumour cells. Immunocytokines, which are fusion proteins composed of a recombinant monoclonal antibody and a cytokine, capitalise on both of these capabilities by combining the ability of tumour-specific antibodies selectively to target tumours with the broad-based immunomodulatory activities of cytokines. This review hypothesises the rationale for development of immunocytokines for cancer and discusses preclinical and clinical data on specific immunocytokines being investigated as potential cancer therapies.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041724 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 264 - 271 Vemuri Praveen Kumar Mamidi Sai Ratna Mounica Tadikamalla N.L. Swetha Gogineni V.S.N. Lakshmi Tullimilli Anusri Pemmaraju Lakshmi Amulya Anne Sirisha Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India. ' Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India. ' Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India. ' Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India. ' Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India. ' Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India. ' Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India cytokine therapy cancer therapy cancer treatment immunocytokines monoclonal antibody aldesleukin tumour microenvironment IL-2 hu14.18-IL-2 huKS-IL-2 immunology tumour cells. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 264 271 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41725 Filariasis is a tropical disease with high morbidity rate due to lack of permanent cure. Here, we investigated specific filarial parasite antigens useful in treatment strategies for filariasis in areas where the chances of constant stimulations are at high peak. This study highlighted alterations in antigen recognition in the people living in endemic countries and receiving the orthodox treatments with diethylcarbamazine. We found that reinfection with L<SUB align=right>3 stage in pre-DEC treated mouse sera recognises 62 kDa, 45 kDa and 32 kDa antigens, which was not present in control animal sera. Further investigation shows that 62 kDa antigen was present in microfilaria while 45 kDa and 31 kDa was part of adult stage. These findings demonstrated that reinfection during the course of DEC treatment unmask specific parasite antigen, which do not express during initial stage of infections. Our findings argued that mapping of these new antigens would be helpful in the development of treatment strategies through appropriate vaccine. Expression of different filarial parasite adult stage antigens during course of DEC treatment in mouse model of Brugian filariasis
Mohammad A. Khan, M. Saleemuddin, Puvadda K. Murthy
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 272 - 284
Filariasis is a tropical disease with high morbidity rate due to lack of permanent cure. Here, we investigated specific filarial parasite antigens useful in treatment strategies for filariasis in areas where the chances of constant stimulations are at high peak. This study highlighted alterations in antigen recognition in the people living in endemic countries and receiving the orthodox treatments with diethylcarbamazine. We found that reinfection with L<SUB align=right>3 stage in pre-DEC treated mouse sera recognises 62 kDa, 45 kDa and 32 kDa antigens, which was not present in control animal sera. Further investigation shows that 62 kDa antigen was present in microfilaria while 45 kDa and 31 kDa was part of adult stage. These findings demonstrated that reinfection during the course of DEC treatment unmask specific parasite antigen, which do not express during initial stage of infections. Our findings argued that mapping of these new antigens would be helpful in the development of treatment strategies through appropriate vaccine.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041725 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 272 - 284 Mohammad A. Khan M. Saleemuddin Puvadda K. Murthy Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94304, California, USA. ' Department Biotechnology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, UP, India. ' Department of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India Brugia malayi microfilaria L3 reinfection diethylcarbamazine treatment Brugian filariasis parasite antigens tropical diseases vaccines. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 272 284 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41726 Specific parts (fruits and leaves) of different medicinal plants often used in Indian Ayurvedic system were analysed for 18 elements (K, Mn, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Br, Sm, Cl, La, Al, Cr, Ca Cd, Ni, Pb and Hg) by employing instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor and the induced activities were counted by γ-ray spectrometry using efficiency calibrated high resolution high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Most of the medicinal plants were found to be rich in one or more of the elements under study. The elemental concentration in different part of medicinal plants and their biological effects on human beings are discussed. Analysis of essential trace elements in some traditional Indian medicinal plants using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques
Ram S. Lokhande, Mahadeo L. Andhale, Pravin U. Singare
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 285 - 296
Specific parts (fruits and leaves) of different medicinal plants often used in Indian Ayurvedic system were analysed for 18 elements (K, Mn, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Br, Sm, Cl, La, Al, Cr, Ca Cd, Ni, Pb and Hg) by employing instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor and the induced activities were counted by γ-ray spectrometry using efficiency calibrated high resolution high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Most of the medicinal plants were found to be rich in one or more of the elements under study. The elemental concentration in different part of medicinal plants and their biological effects on human beings are discussed.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041726 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 285 - 296 Ram S. Lokhande Mahadeo L. Andhale Pravin U. Singare Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz, Mumbai 400098, India. ' Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz, Mumbai 400098, India. ' Department of Chemistry, Bhavan's College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri, Mumbai 400058, India instrumental neutron activation analysis INAA atomic absorption spectroscopy AAS medicinal plants trace elements inter-elemental correlations healthcare Ayurvedic medicine biological effects curative properties India. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 285 296 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41727 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng) is a small woody shrub or herb of the Solanaceae family. Ashwagandha is an herb which can compare favourably to the world's most renowned herbal tonics such as ginseng (Panax ginseng), astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) and South American suma (Pfaffia paniculata). All these have been held in high regard for its ability to increase vitality, energy, endurance and stamina. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is used in China as a preventative tonic to stimulate the entire body to overcome stress, fatigue and weakness. It contains 13 different ginsenosides. Panaxans help to lower blood sugar, polysaccharides work to enhance the immune system and its antioxidant properties are immune-stimulating to protect the body from disease and stress. It balances the release of stress hormones by supporting the organs that produce them. This article investigates the therapeutic and clinical effects of Indian and Korean ginseng. Therapeutic impacts of Indian and Korean ginseng on human beings – a review
R. Seenivasagam, S. Sathiyamoorthy, K. Hemavathi
International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 297 - 317
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng) is a small woody shrub or herb of the Solanaceae family. Ashwagandha is an herb which can compare favourably to the world's most renowned herbal tonics such as ginseng (Panax ginseng), astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) and South American suma (Pfaffia paniculata). All these have been held in high regard for its ability to increase vitality, energy, endurance and stamina. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is used in China as a preventative tonic to stimulate the entire body to overcome stress, fatigue and weakness. It contains 13 different ginsenosides. Panaxans help to lower blood sugar, polysaccharides work to enhance the immune system and its antioxidant properties are immune-stimulating to protect the body from disease and stress. It balances the release of stress hormones by supporting the organs that produce them. This article investigates the therapeutic and clinical effects of Indian and Korean ginseng.

]]> 10.1504/IJIS.2011.041727 International Journal of Immunological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) pp. 297 - 317 R. Seenivasagam S. Sathiyamoorthy K. Hemavathi Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Center of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Botany, St. Joseph College, P.B. 27094, 36, Langford Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560027, India. ' Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 449-701, South Korea. ' Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India traditional medicine cancer immunology: medicinal plants ginseng alkaloids herbal medicine India Korea Withania somnifera Ashwagandha Panax ginseng China herbal tonics therapeutic effects clinical effects. 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00 1 3 297 317 2011-08-01T23:20:50-05:00