International Journal of Global Environmental Issues http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=14&year=2011&vol=11&issue=3/4 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 1466-6650 1741-5136 © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijgenvi_scoverijgenvl.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=14&year=2011&vol=11&issue=3/4 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44551 This paper considers the influence of uncertainty with respect to GDP and population total and age structure on long-run environmental impact projections. A simple model, based on the stochastic version of the IPAT equation, is used to generate projections of two environmental impacts for which population has a demonstrated influence carbon emissions from transport and residential electricity consumption. The paper examines the sensitivity of those long-run projections to uncertainty regarding possible future GDP and population growth/change. The following are demonstrated: 1) if the medium path for either population or GDP is to be believed/trusted, then uncertainty with respect to the growth/change of the other factor is unimportant; 2) uncertainty with respect to population projections has a greater effect on environmental impact projections than does uncertainty with respect to GDP projections despite that the degree of uncertainty associated with population is smaller than the uncertainty associated with aggregate economic growth. Long-run projections of environmental impact in the OECD: the importance of uncertainty and age structure
Brantley Liddle
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 200 - 217
This paper considers the influence of uncertainty with respect to GDP and population total and age structure on long-run environmental impact projections. A simple model, based on the stochastic version of the IPAT equation, is used to generate projections of two environmental impacts for which population has a demonstrated influence carbon emissions from transport and residential electricity consumption. The paper examines the sensitivity of those long-run projections to uncertainty regarding possible future GDP and population growth/change. The following are demonstrated: 1) if the medium path for either population or GDP is to be believed/trusted, then uncertainty with respect to the growth/change of the other factor is unimportant; 2) uncertainty with respect to population projections has a greater effect on environmental impact projections than does uncertainty with respect to GDP projections despite that the degree of uncertainty associated with population is smaller than the uncertainty associated with aggregate economic growth.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044551 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 200 - 217 Brantley Liddle Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Level 13, 300 Flinders Street, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia STIRPAT stochastic impacts regression population affluence technology demography environmental impact age structure sustainable development IPAT greenhouse gas emissions GHG projections uncertainty sensitivity analysis factorial experimental designs sustainability GDP gross domestic product carbon emissions vehicle emissions transport emissions residential electricity energy consumption OECD. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 200 217 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44607 This paper examines demographic delusion and urban violence in Nigeria as challenging youth development efforts. Politics is a game of number. The Nigerian state is an amalgam of several ethnic groups pushing for numerical supremacy for political reasons. Institutional reforms and regional development projects especially youth development has suffered from the politics of demographic statistics and ethnic pluralism. The paper argues that the history of Nigerian demographic data is the history of spurious census data which the ruling class is on top to protect their entrenched interests. It further argued that demographic factors like migration and demographic delusion contribute to urban violence and youth under development. While analysing the etiology and consequences of urban violence, its impact on state capacity and state formation was examined. The paper also explained violence culture in terms of how state and non-state violence actors seek to legitimise violence for selfish and political reasons. Demographic delusion and urban violence: a challenge to youth development in Nigeria
Dickson Ogbonnaya Igwe
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 218 - 230
This paper examines demographic delusion and urban violence in Nigeria as challenging youth development efforts. Politics is a game of number. The Nigerian state is an amalgam of several ethnic groups pushing for numerical supremacy for political reasons. Institutional reforms and regional development projects especially youth development has suffered from the politics of demographic statistics and ethnic pluralism. The paper argues that the history of Nigerian demographic data is the history of spurious census data which the ruling class is on top to protect their entrenched interests. It further argued that demographic factors like migration and demographic delusion contribute to urban violence and youth under development. While analysing the etiology and consequences of urban violence, its impact on state capacity and state formation was examined. The paper also explained violence culture in terms of how state and non-state violence actors seek to legitimise violence for selfish and political reasons.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044607 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 218 - 230 Dickson Ogbonnaya Igwe Department of Criminology and Security Studies, School of Arts and Social Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters, 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way, P.M.B. 80067, Victoria Island Lagos, Nigeria numerical supremacy demographic delusion nepotism urban violence youth development state capacity ethnic pluralism Nigeria ethnic groups. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 218 230 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44552 The rapid growth of population combined with rising levels of consumption and pollution has increased water insecurity in urban India. The depleting water sources on the one hand, higher financial and technological costs to refine and transport water from far off sources on the other, leave limited possibilities to augment the water supply in the near future. Climate change may further adversely impact the available sources of fresh water supply. Intra-urban and inter-class water supplies are also issues in Indian towns and cities. A large section of population in urban India collects water from public and private sources located far away from their residence and bears direct and indirect enormous opportunity cost. The present paper discusses these aspects of water security and sustainability in urban India and highlights monitory and social costs of collection of water located away from premises. Water security and sustainability in urban India
Abdul Shaban; Sanjukta Sattar
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 231 - 254
The rapid growth of population combined with rising levels of consumption and pollution has increased water insecurity in urban India. The depleting water sources on the one hand, higher financial and technological costs to refine and transport water from far off sources on the other, leave limited possibilities to augment the water supply in the near future. Climate change may further adversely impact the available sources of fresh water supply. Intra-urban and inter-class water supplies are also issues in Indian towns and cities. A large section of population in urban India collects water from public and private sources located far away from their residence and bears direct and indirect enormous opportunity cost. The present paper discusses these aspects of water security and sustainability in urban India and highlights monitory and social costs of collection of water located away from premises.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044552 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 231 - 254 Abdul Shaban; Sanjukta Sattar Centre for Development Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India. ' Department of Geography, Gokhale Memorial Girls' College, 1/1 Harish Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700020, India urbanisation water insecurity inequality opportunity costs climate change India water security sustainability sustainable development urban development water collection. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 231 254 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44553 Over a century back, while commenting on the rapid urbanisation process in Europe, the great philosopher and sociologist in Marxist tradition, Lefebvre (1996, p.119) had stated that "the expanding city attacks the countryside, corrodes and dissolves it". In Indian context, the above statement also comes to be true about the fate of city regions and their countryside. Lesser than a dozen cities in India, which grew under the colonial legacy, became the hub of economic activity, and their peripheries turned into 'septic fringes' [Giddens, (2001), p.589], crowded by poor migrants from all across deprived regions. The Indian Government, with limited resources and its priority elsewhere for tackling impoverishment of the countryside, by and large, ignored any systematic urban development. The opening up of Indian economy through market driven paradigm of growth has given further impetus to these cities, which are now competing to become 'world class' through their mega transformation. In the process, traditional systems of regional production and distribution are being re-organised or disintegrated under the present global era. In the process (under the 'shining India') what is the fate of thousands of 'bazaar towns' and their regions is the main focus of the present paper. Regional development in neo-liberal era: a missed opportunity for sustainable development
R.N. Sharma
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 255 - 270
Over a century back, while commenting on the rapid urbanisation process in Europe, the great philosopher and sociologist in Marxist tradition, Lefebvre (1996, p.119) had stated that "the expanding city attacks the countryside, corrodes and dissolves it". In Indian context, the above statement also comes to be true about the fate of city regions and their countryside. Lesser than a dozen cities in India, which grew under the colonial legacy, became the hub of economic activity, and their peripheries turned into 'septic fringes' [Giddens, (2001), p.589], crowded by poor migrants from all across deprived regions. The Indian Government, with limited resources and its priority elsewhere for tackling impoverishment of the countryside, by and large, ignored any systematic urban development. The opening up of Indian economy through market driven paradigm of growth has given further impetus to these cities, which are now competing to become 'world class' through their mega transformation. In the process, traditional systems of regional production and distribution are being re-organised or disintegrated under the present global era. In the process (under the 'shining India') what is the fate of thousands of 'bazaar towns' and their regions is the main focus of the present paper.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044553 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 255 - 270 R.N. Sharma Centre for Development Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India regional development agglomeration economies sustainable development Indian megacities sustainability India urbanisation cities bazaar towns urban development. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 255 270 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44561 Methods for the design of samples to collect data on migrants as 'rare elements' are applied to Colombians migrating to Ecuador. With an upsurge in violence in Colombia beginning in the late 1990s, Colombians fled in increasing numbers to Ecuador, especially to Sucumbios in the Ecuadorian Amazon, an area of extraordinary biodiversity. These migrants comprise both asylum-seekers and traditional economic migrants. Despite the large influx, they still constitute a tiny part of the Ecuadorian population, creating the need to use 'rare elements' sampling methods. A household survey was carried out in 2006 in the five provinces found (2001 census) to have the largest proportion of Colombians. The main probability sample was supplemented by a snowball sample, with problems encountered described, and lessons learned. Key findings are summarised, comparing Colombians migrating to Ecuador voluntarily and involuntarily. Environmental effects of these migrants are minimal as most move to urban areas. Colombian refugees in Ecuador: sampling schemes, migratory patterns and consequences for migrants
Richard E. Bilsborrow; Carlos F. Mena; Eduardo Arguello
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 271 - 298
Methods for the design of samples to collect data on migrants as 'rare elements' are applied to Colombians migrating to Ecuador. With an upsurge in violence in Colombia beginning in the late 1990s, Colombians fled in increasing numbers to Ecuador, especially to Sucumbios in the Ecuadorian Amazon, an area of extraordinary biodiversity. These migrants comprise both asylum-seekers and traditional economic migrants. Despite the large influx, they still constitute a tiny part of the Ecuadorian population, creating the need to use 'rare elements' sampling methods. A household survey was carried out in 2006 in the five provinces found (2001 census) to have the largest proportion of Colombians. The main probability sample was supplemented by a snowball sample, with problems encountered described, and lessons learned. Key findings are summarised, comparing Colombians migrating to Ecuador voluntarily and involuntarily. Environmental effects of these migrants are minimal as most move to urban areas.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044561 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 271 - 298 Richard E. Bilsborrow; Carlos F. Mena; Eduardo Arguello Carolina Population Center and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin St. Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524, USA. ' School of Life and Biological Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador. ' Centro de Estudios sobre Poblacion y Desarrollo Social, Toribio Montes 423 y Danile Hidalgo, Quito, Ecuador sampling household survey rare populations international migrants refugees economic welfare Ecuador Colombia immigrants migratory patterns asylum seekers economic migrants biodiversity environmental impact. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 271 298 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44554 Consumers have started to realise that their purchasing behaviour can cause a huge impact to the environment as there is a worldwide concern on environmental degradation issues such as global warming and pollution. 'Green' is now in the mainstream of modern businesses. Therefore, being socially responsible by offering green (environmentally friendly) products and services should be the practise of any company that wishes to sustain a competitive advantage in today's business world. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and green purchase behaviour of Penang's green volunteers who participate in environmental related activities. The results indicate that females have higher green purchase behaviour compared to males, and as for education level, those with degree and above qualification have higher green purchase behaviour as compared to those with diploma and lower education level. For income as the income level increases the green purchase behaviour of green volunteers is higher. Implication for marketers is further elaborated. Relationship between environmental volunteers' demographic characteristics and their green purchase behaviour: evidence from Penang (Malaysia)
Nabsiah Abdul Wahid; Elham Rahbar; Tan Shwu Shyan; T. Ramayah
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 299 - 309
Consumers have started to realise that their purchasing behaviour can cause a huge impact to the environment as there is a worldwide concern on environmental degradation issues such as global warming and pollution. 'Green' is now in the mainstream of modern businesses. Therefore, being socially responsible by offering green (environmentally friendly) products and services should be the practise of any company that wishes to sustain a competitive advantage in today's business world. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and green purchase behaviour of Penang's green volunteers who participate in environmental related activities. The results indicate that females have higher green purchase behaviour compared to males, and as for education level, those with degree and above qualification have higher green purchase behaviour as compared to those with diploma and lower education level. For income as the income level increases the green purchase behaviour of green volunteers is higher. Implication for marketers is further elaborated.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044554 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 299 - 309 Nabsiah Abdul Wahid; Elham Rahbar; Tan Shwu Shyan; T. Ramayah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. ' School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. ' School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. ' School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia demographics green purchasing behaviour Malaysia income gender education environmental volunteers green products green services environmentally friendly. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 299 309 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44608 Within the next decades unprecedented demographic changes (ageing and population decrease) will impact on most developed and with delay developing nations. The resulting changes in age structure and geographical distribution are expected to cause substantial adjustments. We present an analysis to test the simple demographic sustainability hypothesis that this development will improve sustainability of economic activities. For this purpose implicit adjustments of infrastructure networks to demographic changes are derived by linked demographic, economic and technical models. The results suggest that economic growth dominates contractive trends. Therefore, the hypothesis is rejected. Furthermore, the findings reveal a strong spatial heterogeneity of adjustment necessities due to migration patterns. Thus, the explicit consideration of the spatial dimension of demographic changes will foster the reliability of analyses of the consequences of demographic changes. Nevertheless spatial heterogeneity poses a serious challenge to the definition of sustainability. Analysing the impact of demographic development on sustainability via infrastructure networks
Joachim Geske; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs; Tobias Kronenberg
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 310 - 335
Within the next decades unprecedented demographic changes (ageing and population decrease) will impact on most developed and with delay developing nations. The resulting changes in age structure and geographical distribution are expected to cause substantial adjustments. We present an analysis to test the simple demographic sustainability hypothesis that this development will improve sustainability of economic activities. For this purpose implicit adjustments of infrastructure networks to demographic changes are derived by linked demographic, economic and technical models. The results suggest that economic growth dominates contractive trends. Therefore, the hypothesis is rejected. Furthermore, the findings reveal a strong spatial heterogeneity of adjustment necessities due to migration patterns. Thus, the explicit consideration of the spatial dimension of demographic changes will foster the reliability of analyses of the consequences of demographic changes. Nevertheless spatial heterogeneity poses a serious challenge to the definition of sustainability.

]]> 10.1504/IJGENVI.2011.044608 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 11, No. 3/4 (2011) pp. 310 - 335 Joachim Geske; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs; Tobias Kronenberg Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), D-52425 Jülich, Germany. ' Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), D-52425 Jülich, Germany. ' Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), D-52425 Jülich, Germany sustainability demographic change infrastructure networks bottom-up models top-down models input-output models OLG-models demographic projection travel activity patterns simulation energy systems spatial heterogeneity demographics sustainable development migration patterns ageing population economic growth. 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00 11 3/4 310 335 2011-12-31T23:20:50-05:00