International Journal of Environment and Waste Management http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=75&year=2012&vol=9&issue=1/2 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 1478-9876 1478-9868 © 2012 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijewm_scoverijewm.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=75&year=2012&vol=9&issue=1/2 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44157 In view of recovering energy resource from the treatment of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW), anaerobic digestion of OFMSW prior to aerobic composting as post-treatment was considered. This study aimed to determine the operational characteristics and efficiency of a two-phase system composed of a fed-batch hydrolysis reactor (phase I) and a methanogenic Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor (phase II). The effluent of the UASB reactor was recycled to the phase I reactor to avoid high levels of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), which may inhibit methanogenesis and hydrolysis of solids. Anaerobic digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) in two-phase system
Le Thi Hong Tran; Analiza Palenzuela Rollon; Kiyohiko Nakasaki
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 5 - 17
In view of recovering energy resource from the treatment of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW), anaerobic digestion of OFMSW prior to aerobic composting as post-treatment was considered. This study aimed to determine the operational characteristics and efficiency of a two-phase system composed of a fed-batch hydrolysis reactor (phase I) and a methanogenic Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor (phase II). The effluent of the UASB reactor was recycled to the phase I reactor to avoid high levels of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), which may inhibit methanogenesis and hydrolysis of solids.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044157 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 5 - 17 Le Thi Hong Tran; Analiza Palenzuela Rollon; Kiyohiko Nakasaki Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Ket Str, Dist 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ' Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines. ' Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan anaerobic digestion hydrolysis reactors inhibition leachate methanogenesis OFMSW organic fraction municipal solid waste MSW UASB upflow anaerobic sludge blanket waste treatment aerobic composting effluent recycling. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 5 17 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44158 Aerobic composting is generally considered as a necessary post-treatment for residual solids after anaerobic digestion. This study aimed to determine the effects of temperature on biodegradation, microbial population density in composting residual OFMSW after anaerobic digestion. Four composting runs at different set temperatures were conducted. The rate of CO<SUB align="right">2 and NH<SUB align="right">3 emissions, moisture content, pH, and cell densities were determined. Microbial population was quantified using dilution plating method while microbial successions and identification were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method and band sequencing. This study ascertained that temperature influences the rate, extent of biodegradation and the microbial community. Effect of temperature on composting residual Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) after anaerobic digestion
Le Thi Hong Tran; Analiza Palenzuela Rollon
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 18 - 40
Aerobic composting is generally considered as a necessary post-treatment for residual solids after anaerobic digestion. This study aimed to determine the effects of temperature on biodegradation, microbial population density in composting residual OFMSW after anaerobic digestion. Four composting runs at different set temperatures were conducted. The rate of CO<SUB align="right">2 and NH<SUB align="right">3 emissions, moisture content, pH, and cell densities were determined. Microbial population was quantified using dilution plating method while microbial successions and identification were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method and band sequencing. This study ascertained that temperature influences the rate, extent of biodegradation and the microbial community.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044158 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 18 - 40 Le Thi Hong Tran; Analiza Palenzuela Rollon Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Ket Str, Dist 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ' Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines anaerobic digestion aerobic composting DGGE DNA E. coli microorganisms OFMSW temperature thermophilic organic fraction municipal solid waste MSW residual solids biodegradation microbial population density CO2 carbon dioxide NH3 carbon emissions ammonia emissions moisture content pH cell densities. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 18 40 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44159 Organic materials are added to soil for improving soil physico-chemical properties. In the present study different doses of press mud along with NPK were applied to wheat crop in pot and field experiments. The increasing levels of press mud application improved soil physical conditions like increase in total porosity and reduced bulk density. Organic matter content, NPK, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in soil also increased with the press mud application. ECe, pH and exchangeable Na percentage were reduced. Increasing levels of press mud application also increased wheat yield, yield components and crop nutrient utilisation. For realising near maximum wheat yield (95% relative yield) 40 tonnes press mud per ha-1 was found to be the optimum level. Sugar industry press mud as alternate organic fertiliser source
Muhammad Jamil Khan; Muhammad Qasim Khan; Muhammad Sharif Zia
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 41 - 55
Organic materials are added to soil for improving soil physico-chemical properties. In the present study different doses of press mud along with NPK were applied to wheat crop in pot and field experiments. The increasing levels of press mud application improved soil physical conditions like increase in total porosity and reduced bulk density. Organic matter content, NPK, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in soil also increased with the press mud application. ECe, pH and exchangeable Na percentage were reduced. Increasing levels of press mud application also increased wheat yield, yield components and crop nutrient utilisation. For realising near maximum wheat yield (95% relative yield) 40 tonnes press mud per ha-1 was found to be the optimum level.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044159 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 41 - 55 Muhammad Jamil Khan; Muhammad Qasim Khan; Muhammad Sharif Zia Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (NWFP), Pakistan. ' Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (NWFP), Pakistan. ' Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (NWFP), Pakistan organic amendments press mud soil nutrients soil characteristics wheat yield nutrient uptake sugar industry organic fertilisers porosity bulk density crop nutrients. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 41 55 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44160 Air Filled Porosity (AFP) is a key parameter in the composting process, conditioning oxygen availability and heat accumulation. Air pycnometry is considered the most adequate methodology for AFP determination. This technique requires withdrawing a sample of material from the composting mass for AFP measurement, which may alter its physical characteristics. A novel strategy that permits to measure AFP in situ during the composting process is presented in this study. Raw and Anaerobically Digested Sludges (ADS) have been used as substrates. A common trend in AFP evolution during the composting process has been observed in most of the cases. A study on Air Filled Porosity evolution in sludge composting
Luz Ruggieri; Teresa Gea; Adriana Artola; Antoni Sanchez
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 56 - 68
Air Filled Porosity (AFP) is a key parameter in the composting process, conditioning oxygen availability and heat accumulation. Air pycnometry is considered the most adequate methodology for AFP determination. This technique requires withdrawing a sample of material from the composting mass for AFP measurement, which may alter its physical characteristics. A novel strategy that permits to measure AFP in situ during the composting process is presented in this study. Raw and Anaerobically Digested Sludges (ADS) have been used as substrates. A common trend in AFP evolution during the composting process has been observed in most of the cases.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044160 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 56 - 68 Luz Ruggieri; Teresa Gea; Adriana Artola; Antoni Sanchez Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, Spain. ' Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, Spain. ' Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, Spain. ' Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, Spain air filled porosity air pycnometry anaerobically digested sludge sludge composting cumulative oxygen consumption free air space oxygen uptake rate porosity raw sludge anaerobic digestion. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 56 68 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44161 Various leachate recirculation strategies were applied to a batch-wise operated solid-phase digestion system in laboratory-scale tests. Comparative experiments with both continuous and intermittent leachate recirculation revealed no advantages of a continuous flow. Results suggest that leachate recirculation should not be carried out continuously during process initialisation when methanogenesis is the rate-limiting step. Continuous watering resulted in the accumulation of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) during process start-up. In addition, no need for continuous water circulation was found for the following digestion process when hydrolysis was rate-limiting. Even in the absence of liquid recirculation, degradation was only slightly retarded when the biomass moisture content was adjusted. Effect of various leachate recirculation strategies on batch anaerobic digestion of solid substrates
Sigrid Kusch; Hans Oechsner; Thomas Jungbluth
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 69 - 88
Various leachate recirculation strategies were applied to a batch-wise operated solid-phase digestion system in laboratory-scale tests. Comparative experiments with both continuous and intermittent leachate recirculation revealed no advantages of a continuous flow. Results suggest that leachate recirculation should not be carried out continuously during process initialisation when methanogenesis is the rate-limiting step. Continuous watering resulted in the accumulation of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) during process start-up. In addition, no need for continuous water circulation was found for the following digestion process when hydrolysis was rate-limiting. Even in the absence of liquid recirculation, degradation was only slightly retarded when the biomass moisture content was adjusted.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044161 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 69 - 88 Sigrid Kusch; Hans Oechsner; Thomas Jungbluth Institute of Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment, Technical University of Dresden, Pratzschwitzer Strasse 15, 01796 Pirna, Germany; Institute for Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. ' State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. ' Institute for Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany biogas dry digestion leachate recirculation one-stage systems batch process batch anaerobic digestion solid substrates volatile fatty acids water circulation hydrolysis biomass moisture content. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 69 88 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44162 This paper analyses the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a maturity index for herbicide-contaminated green wastes composts. Four in-vessel composting systems were set-up with Compost A constituting of uncontaminated grass clippings and Composts B, C and D contaminated with atrazine, 2,4-D and tordon 101 respectively. The physicochemical properties of the composts were determined and they were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy. The infrared spectra showed an increase in aromaticity with composting time but a low degree of polycondensation. From the infrared peak ratio/time curves, it could be deduced that Composts A, B and D did not attain maturity. Evaluation of FTIR spectroscopy as a maturity index for herbicide-contaminated composts
Vijayalaxmi Jumnoodoo; Romeela Mohee
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 89 - 99
This paper analyses the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a maturity index for herbicide-contaminated green wastes composts. Four in-vessel composting systems were set-up with Compost A constituting of uncontaminated grass clippings and Composts B, C and D contaminated with atrazine, 2,4-D and tordon 101 respectively. The physicochemical properties of the composts were determined and they were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy. The infrared spectra showed an increase in aromaticity with composting time but a low degree of polycondensation. From the infrared peak ratio/time curves, it could be deduced that Composts A, B and D did not attain maturity.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044162 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 89 - 99 Vijayalaxmi Jumnoodoo; Romeela Mohee Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius. ' Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius herbicides maturity FTIR spectroscopy composting process green waste Fourier transform infrared aromaticity polycondensation. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 89 99 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44163 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is used in several regions worldwide and systems span a range of design options including wet, dry, thermophilic, mesophilic, batch, continuous, single-stage, and multi-stage configurations. This paper reviews a number of commercial and emerging solid waste digestion systems discussing performance and costs. Systems yield 250 710 m³ of biogas per tonne of VS at rates of 1 6 m³/m³/d with methane content of 55 65%, depending on MSW composition. Economies of scale have been shown for system costs. Economic viability depends heavily on capital and operating costs, tipping fees and product/co-product revenues. Anaerobic Digestion technologies for the treatment of Municipal Solid Waste
Joshua L. Rapport; Ruihong Zhang; Robert B. Williams; Bryan M. Jenkins
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 100 - 122
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is used in several regions worldwide and systems span a range of design options including wet, dry, thermophilic, mesophilic, batch, continuous, single-stage, and multi-stage configurations. This paper reviews a number of commercial and emerging solid waste digestion systems discussing performance and costs. Systems yield 250 710 m³ of biogas per tonne of VS at rates of 1 6 m³/m³/d with methane content of 55 65%, depending on MSW composition. Economies of scale have been shown for system costs. Economic viability depends heavily on capital and operating costs, tipping fees and product/co-product revenues.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044163 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 100 - 122 Joshua L. Rapport; Ruihong Zhang; Robert B. Williams; Bryan M. Jenkins Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ' Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ' Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ' Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA anaerobic digestion biogas MSW municipal solid waste waste treatment review organic USA United States economies of scale. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 100 122 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44164 A membrane-based scheme has been proposed for the treatment of leather plant effluent. The effluent coming out from the various steps of leather plant are combined and Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) are adopted. Performances of two NF membranes are evaluated. Experiments are conducted using an unstirred batch cell. It is observed that a combined operation of NF using 400 MWCO membrane followed by RO operation is better option compared to a single operation of NF with 200 MWCO (membrane). The experimental flux data are correlated and analysed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Prediction of flux decline during membrane filtration of leather plant effluent
V. Dinesh Kumar; Damodar Maity; Mihir Kumar Purkait
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 123 - 140
A membrane-based scheme has been proposed for the treatment of leather plant effluent. The effluent coming out from the various steps of leather plant are combined and Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) are adopted. Performances of two NF membranes are evaluated. Experiments are conducted using an unstirred batch cell. It is observed that a combined operation of NF using 400 MWCO membrane followed by RO operation is better option compared to a single operation of NF with 200 MWCO (membrane). The experimental flux data are correlated and analysed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044164 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 123 - 140 V. Dinesh Kumar; Damodar Maity; Mihir Kumar Purkait Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India. ' Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. ' Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India flux decline membrane filtration leather plant effluent ANNs artificial neural networks back-propagation algorithm nanofiltration reverse osmosis effluent treatment. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 123 140 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44165 Crocodile pond wastewater has high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) (100 mg/L), phosphorus (6 mg/L) and nitrogen (30 mg/L). In the present study a Vertical Flow (VF) constructed wetland treatment system planted with Arundo donax was employed to achieve the wildlife discharge standards (BOD<SUB align="right">5 < 2 mg/L). Maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of 68 ± 11% and 77 ± 6.2% was achieved at an organic loading rate of 80 and 120 g COD/m²/day, respectively, and the corresponding Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) removal of around 82 ± 4.4 and 86 ± 9% was also achieved, respectively, for the same. Performance studies on constructed wetland for treatment of crocodile pond wastewater
S. Sudha; N. Vasudevan
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 141 - 153
Crocodile pond wastewater has high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) (100 mg/L), phosphorus (6 mg/L) and nitrogen (30 mg/L). In the present study a Vertical Flow (VF) constructed wetland treatment system planted with Arundo donax was employed to achieve the wildlife discharge standards (BOD<SUB align="right">5 < 2 mg/L). Maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of 68 ± 11% and 77 ± 6.2% was achieved at an organic loading rate of 80 and 120 g COD/m²/day, respectively, and the corresponding Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) removal of around 82 ± 4.4 and 86 ± 9% was also achieved, respectively, for the same.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044165 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 141 - 153 S. Sudha; N. Vasudevan Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India. ' Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India crocodile pond wastewater constructed wetlands vertical subsurface flow Macrophyte Arundo donax bulrush organic removal nutrient removal wastewater treatment chemical oxygen demand COD. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 141 153 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44166 Effluents from bench scale 56 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and four UASB based sewage treatment plants (STPs) of capacities ranging from 27 ML/d to 70 ML/d were aerated in batch as well as in continuous mode of operation. The process was monitored by measuring temporal trend in Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). With the increase in ORP from ?150 mV to +200 mV, COD of the effluent decreased by ~50% with a decay rate of 0.36 per hour. A multiple regression equation has been established to correlate ORP, COD and DO. Evaluation of polishing of the effluent from UASB reactor by diffusers
Rinku Walia; Pradeep Kumar; Indu Mehrotra
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 154 - 168
Effluents from bench scale 56 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and four UASB based sewage treatment plants (STPs) of capacities ranging from 27 ML/d to 70 ML/d were aerated in batch as well as in continuous mode of operation. The process was monitored by measuring temporal trend in Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). With the increase in ORP from ?150 mV to +200 mV, COD of the effluent decreased by ~50% with a decay rate of 0.36 per hour. A multiple regression equation has been established to correlate ORP, COD and DO.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044166 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 154 - 168 Rinku Walia; Pradeep Kumar; Indu Mehrotra Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India. ' Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India. ' Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India aeration anaerobic treatment COD chemical oxygen demand wastewater treatment effluent treatment regression modelling oxygen transfer diffusers UASB reactors upflow anaerobic sludge blanket sewage treatment. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 154 168 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44167 The application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) (solar/TiO2 and solar/TiO2/H2O2) to treat phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol wastewaters was investigated. The experiments were performed in batch solar reactor using TiO<SUB align="right">2 as catalyst. The effect of the hydrogen peroxide concentration on the degradation kinetics was evaluated in the range of 0.15 1.5 g/L. It was observed that the degradation rate increased as the hydrogen peroxide increased, but excessive H<SUB align="right">2O<SUB align="right">2 concentration was detrimental. The rate of degradation is two to three times faster in solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2/H<SUB align="right">2O<SUB align="right">2 process when compared with solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2 process. In the presence of inorganic salts, the phenol removal was 19% and 90% in solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2 and solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2/H<SUB align="right">2O<SUB align="right">2 process, respectively. For untreated samples of 100 mg/L the BOD/COD ratio is 0, while solar photocatalytic treatment of 1 h permits its enhancement up to values near 0.66 and 0.57 for m-cresol and o-cresol; for phenol and p-cresol the values were nearer to 0.53 and 0.65 after 2 h and 3 h phototreatment respectively, which represent considerable biodegradability of wastewaters. Degradation of phenolic wastewaters by solar/TiO2 and solar/TiO2/H2O2 processes
S. Adishkumar; S Kanmani
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 169 - 180
The application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) (solar/TiO2 and solar/TiO2/H2O2) to treat phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol wastewaters was investigated. The experiments were performed in batch solar reactor using TiO<SUB align="right">2 as catalyst. The effect of the hydrogen peroxide concentration on the degradation kinetics was evaluated in the range of 0.15 1.5 g/L. It was observed that the degradation rate increased as the hydrogen peroxide increased, but excessive H<SUB align="right">2O<SUB align="right">2 concentration was detrimental. The rate of degradation is two to three times faster in solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2/H<SUB align="right">2O<SUB align="right">2 process when compared with solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2 process. In the presence of inorganic salts, the phenol removal was 19% and 90% in solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2 and solar/TiO<SUB align="right">2/H<SUB align="right">2O<SUB align="right">2 process, respectively. For untreated samples of 100 mg/L the BOD/COD ratio is 0, while solar photocatalytic treatment of 1 h permits its enhancement up to values near 0.66 and 0.57 for m-cresol and o-cresol; for phenol and p-cresol the values were nearer to 0.53 and 0.65 after 2 h and 3 h phototreatment respectively, which represent considerable biodegradability of wastewaters.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044167 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 169 - 180 S. Adishkumar; S Kanmani Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India. ' Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India. solar photocatalysis TiO2 titanium dioxide advanced oxidation process hydroxyl radicals phenol wastewaters H2O2 hydrogen peroxide inorganic salts biodegradability wastewater treatment batch solar reactors. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 169 180 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44168 Reactors R2 and R3 were investigated for biodegradation of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane respectively, during acclimation phase. Reactor R1 was maintained as control. The stepwise increment in concentration of 1,1,2-TCA from 5 mg/L to 40 mg/L in R2 caused no inhibition to reactor performance. The percentage of 1,1,2-TCA and COD removal was 99.9% and 98.6%, respectively. Severe inhibition to methanogenesis occurred at 30 mg/L of 1,1,2,2-TeCA, showing decrease in percentage COD removal to 45.5%, reduction in biogas production by 45 60% and increase in effluent VFA concentration to 172 mg/L. The sludge in R3 was acclimated upto 20 mg/L of 1,1,2,2-TeCA.The percentage of 1,1,2,2-TeCA and COD removal was 99.1% and 98.2%, respectively. Performance of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor treating simulated wastewaters containing 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Debolina Basu; Sudhir Kumar Gupta
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 181 - 190
Reactors R2 and R3 were investigated for biodegradation of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane respectively, during acclimation phase. Reactor R1 was maintained as control. The stepwise increment in concentration of 1,1,2-TCA from 5 mg/L to 40 mg/L in R2 caused no inhibition to reactor performance. The percentage of 1,1,2-TCA and COD removal was 99.9% and 98.6%, respectively. Severe inhibition to methanogenesis occurred at 30 mg/L of 1,1,2,2-TeCA, showing decrease in percentage COD removal to 45.5%, reduction in biogas production by 45 60% and increase in effluent VFA concentration to 172 mg/L. The sludge in R3 was acclimated upto 20 mg/L of 1,1,2,2-TeCA.The percentage of 1,1,2,2-TeCA and COD removal was 99.1% and 98.2%, respectively.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044168 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 181 - 190 Debolina Basu; Sudhir Kumar Gupta Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. ' Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India acclimation biodegradation UASB reactors upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 1,1,2-TCA 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1,2,2-TeCA 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane wastewater treatment. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 181 190 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44169 Anaerobic bacteria capable of decolourising Turquoise HGN dye were isolated by roll tube technique from enrichments inoculated with rumen fluid and were tested for their decolourisation efficiency under different conditions. The presence of glucose in the culture medium favoured the decolourisation and specific dye reduction activity (equivalent to the reduction of 1 mg dye. hr<SUP align="right">?1</SUP>.mg<SUP align="right">?1</SUP> of protein), but both were inhibited in the presence of yeast extract. The maximum growth and dye reduction activity was recorded at pH 7.0 and 30°C, and were in the range of 36.4 97.4 U and 68 82 U, respectively with glucose as co-metabolite. Decolourisation of Turquoise HGN by anaerobic bacterial isolates from rumen enrichments
C.G. Morlett Chavez; N. Balagurusamy
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 191 - 199
Anaerobic bacteria capable of decolourising Turquoise HGN dye were isolated by roll tube technique from enrichments inoculated with rumen fluid and were tested for their decolourisation efficiency under different conditions. The presence of glucose in the culture medium favoured the decolourisation and specific dye reduction activity (equivalent to the reduction of 1 mg dye. hr<SUP align="right">?1</SUP>.mg<SUP align="right">?1</SUP> of protein), but both were inhibited in the presence of yeast extract. The maximum growth and dye reduction activity was recorded at pH 7.0 and 30°C, and were in the range of 36.4 97.4 U and 68 82 U, respectively with glucose as co-metabolite.

]]> 10.1504/IJEWM.2012.044169 International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 191 - 199 C.G. Morlett Chavez; N. Balagurusamy Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila Saltillo, Blvd. V. Carranza y J. Cardenas V., Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25280 Mexico. ' Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Ciudad Universitaria, Carretera Torreón-Matamoros Km. 7.5, Torreon, Coahuila State, Mexico. C.P.27104 anaerobic bacteria dye decolourisation specific dye reduction rumen fluid turquoise HGN yeast extract synthetic dyes wastewater treatment. 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00 9 1/2 191 199 2011-12-11T23:20:50-05:00