International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=11&year=2012&vol=15&issue=1 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 1466-2132 1741-511X © 2012 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijetm_scoverijetm.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=11&year=2012&vol=15&issue=1 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45143 The conventional Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement does not incorporate the effects of undesirable outputs, which are harmful to the environment. Using sugarcane farming in Kenya, this paper illustrates the differences between the conventional Malmquist index measures where the environment variable is not adjusted and environment-adjusted measures using both hyperbolic and directional distance functions. The mean TFP change estimates for the conventional Malmquist index, adjusted hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator were 3.13%, 0.11% and 2.21%, respectively. The conventional non-adjusted measure lies between the two adjusted measures of hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator. An overview of Total Factor Productivity estimations adjusted for pollutant outputs: an application to sugarcane farming
Richard Mulwa; Ali Emrouznejad; Ernst-August Nuppenau
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 1 - 15
The conventional Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement does not incorporate the effects of undesirable outputs, which are harmful to the environment. Using sugarcane farming in Kenya, this paper illustrates the differences between the conventional Malmquist index measures where the environment variable is not adjusted and environment-adjusted measures using both hyperbolic and directional distance functions. The mean TFP change estimates for the conventional Malmquist index, adjusted hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator were 3.13%, 0.11% and 2.21%, respectively. The conventional non-adjusted measure lies between the two adjusted measures of hyperbolic index and Luenberger indicator.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045143 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 1 - 15 Richard Mulwa; Ali Emrouznejad; Ernst-August Nuppenau University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625, Nairobi, Kenya. ' Operations and Information Management Group, Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. ' Agricultural and Environmental Policy, Justus-Liebig University, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany environmental efficiency Malmquist index hyperbolic distances directional distances strong disposability weak disposability sugarcane farming undesirable outputs total factor productivity TFP pollutant outputs Kenya environmental pollution. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 1 15 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45144 Glasses from the end-of-life Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) represent a pressing environmental problem, especially the funnel glass containing high lead concentration. To avoid lead contamination and re-utilise it, it is of great importance to study the separation process of lead contained in the funnel glass. In this study, the microstructure of scrap funnel glass and molten funnel glass were analysed by SEM and XRF. The results indicated that the PbO content in the top was more than that in the bottom. PbO would be released from scrap funnel glass at high-temperature condition when Na<SUB align="right">2O was added into the glass specimens. A study on PbO in CRT funnel glass at high-temperature condition
Zhongguo Li; Wenyi Yuan; Shufang Ding; Ying Chen; Jinhui Li
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 16 - 27
Glasses from the end-of-life Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) represent a pressing environmental problem, especially the funnel glass containing high lead concentration. To avoid lead contamination and re-utilise it, it is of great importance to study the separation process of lead contained in the funnel glass. In this study, the microstructure of scrap funnel glass and molten funnel glass were analysed by SEM and XRF. The results indicated that the PbO content in the top was more than that in the bottom. PbO would be released from scrap funnel glass at high-temperature condition when Na<SUB align="right">2O was added into the glass specimens.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045144 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 16 - 27 Zhongguo Li; Wenyi Yuan; Shufang Ding; Ying Chen; Jinhui Li College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ' Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ' Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ' Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ' Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China end-of-life CRTs EOL cathode ray tubes PbO funnel glass microstructure high temperature lead concentrations scrap glass molten glass sodium oxide lead oxide. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 16 27 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45151 The objective of this report is to supply a state of the art of remanufacturing in eco-design methods reverse supply chain management. These states of the art show that available methods of eco-design fail to take sufficient account of the remanufacturing potentialities because of the difficulty to consider products with multiple life cycles. They also show that RSC management and eco-design methods are rarely considered simultaneously. A case study on an espresso machine is conducted highlighting various dimensions of the remanufacturing problem. This paper points out the necessity for designers to have method to develop new concept of remanufacturable systems. Design for remanufacturing: What performances can be expected?
N. Tchertchian; D. Millet; A. El Korchi
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 28 - 49
The objective of this report is to supply a state of the art of remanufacturing in eco-design methods reverse supply chain management. These states of the art show that available methods of eco-design fail to take sufficient account of the remanufacturing potentialities because of the difficulty to consider products with multiple life cycles. They also show that RSC management and eco-design methods are rarely considered simultaneously. A case study on an espresso machine is conducted highlighting various dimensions of the remanufacturing problem. This paper points out the necessity for designers to have method to develop new concept of remanufacturable systems.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045151 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 28 - 49 N. Tchertchian; D. Millet; A. El Korchi 'Ecodesign and Optimization of Product' Lab, E.O.P. Research group, SUPMECA – Toulon, Quartier Mayol, Maison des Technologies 83000 Toulon, France. ' 'Ecodesign and Optimization of Product' Lab, E.O.P. Research group, SUPMECA – Toulon, Quartier Mayol, Maison des Technologies 83000 Toulon, France. ' ENSA AGADIR, Department of Industrial Engineering, 80000 Agadir, Morocco ecodesign design for remanufacturing LCA life cycle assessment economic assessment DfX design for X RSC reverse supply chains supply chain management SCM espresso machines product design. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 28 49 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45145 The leaching efficiencies using both fresh Na<SUB align="right">2EDTA and regenerated Na<SUB align="right">2EDTA on the remediation of contaminated soils from Chenzhou lead-zinc mining area located in southern Hunan Province (southern China) were investigated. The total concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in both contaminated soils exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by Ministry of Environmental Protection for soil. Under the optimum conditions, 35% for Cd, 64% for Pb, 25% for Cu and 14% for Zn from garden soil and 97% for Cd, 87% for Pb, 46% for Cu and 33% for Zn from paddy soil were leached with 0.05M Na<SUB align="right">2EDTA. Removal of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from leaching solution containing EDTA increased with increasing Na<SUB align="right">2S addition, while about 0.15M Na<SUB align="right">2S solution was used to separate all metals from metal-EDTA solution. Through three times regeneration and reuse, the regenerated Na2EDTA solutions have leaching ability of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from both contaminated soil. Removal of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from real contaminated soils with fresh and regenerated Na2EDTA
Ming Lei; Min Zeng; Pu-feng Qin; Bo-han Liao; Bai-qing Tie; Mikiya Tanaka
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 50 - 60
The leaching efficiencies using both fresh Na<SUB align="right">2EDTA and regenerated Na<SUB align="right">2EDTA on the remediation of contaminated soils from Chenzhou lead-zinc mining area located in southern Hunan Province (southern China) were investigated. The total concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in both contaminated soils exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by Ministry of Environmental Protection for soil. Under the optimum conditions, 35% for Cd, 64% for Pb, 25% for Cu and 14% for Zn from garden soil and 97% for Cd, 87% for Pb, 46% for Cu and 33% for Zn from paddy soil were leached with 0.05M Na<SUB align="right">2EDTA. Removal of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from leaching solution containing EDTA increased with increasing Na<SUB align="right">2S addition, while about 0.15M Na<SUB align="right">2S solution was used to separate all metals from metal-EDTA solution. Through three times regeneration and reuse, the regenerated Na2EDTA solutions have leaching ability of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from both contaminated soil.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045145 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 50 - 60 Ming Lei; Min Zeng; Pu-feng Qin; Bo-han Liao; Bai-qing Tie; Mikiya Tanaka College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. ' College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China. ' College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. ' College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China. ' College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. ' National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacedtic acid Na2EDTA heavy metals contaminated soil sodium sulphide regeneration environmental pollution leaching efficiency China soil remediation cadmium lead copper zinc. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 50 60 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45146 To protect the environment, EU promulgated EUP directive which is more serious and complex than WEEE and RoHS directive. To help dishwasher manufacturers to follow the EUP directive well in China, the environmental impact of the dishwasher in the whole life cycle is systematically assessed based on CML method, and the environmental impact caused by detergent is not included. The impact on the environment caused by dishwasher is interpreted from resource consumption, pollutant emission and environmental impact. Finally, the work system of dishwasher is analysed, and the improvements measures are introduced. Dishwasher's environmental impact analysis and improvement by addressing EUP directive in China dishwasher manufactures
Liu Zhifeng; Gao Yang; Hu Di; Ling Bo
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 61 - 78
To protect the environment, EU promulgated EUP directive which is more serious and complex than WEEE and RoHS directive. To help dishwasher manufacturers to follow the EUP directive well in China, the environmental impact of the dishwasher in the whole life cycle is systematically assessed based on CML method, and the environmental impact caused by detergent is not included. The impact on the environment caused by dishwasher is interpreted from resource consumption, pollutant emission and environmental impact. Finally, the work system of dishwasher is analysed, and the improvements measures are introduced.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045146 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 61 - 78 Liu Zhifeng; Gao Yang; Hu Di; Ling Bo School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Box 124, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China. ' School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Box 124, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China. ' School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Box 124, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China. ' School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Box 124, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China dishwasher manufacturing dishwashers life cycle assessment LCA energy using products FAHP fuzzy AHP analytical hierarchy process China environmental impact resource consumption pollutant emissions environmental pollution EUP directive EU directives European Union. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 61 78 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45148 In this study, the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using living and non-living cultured sludges of different sludge ages was investigated. For non-living sludge, only the metabolism-independent bio-adsorption process occurred and Langmuir model was adequate to describe the adsorption isotherm. When living sludge was used as the adsorbent, a proposed model incorporating the bio-adsorption and bioaccumulation processes in sequence was found to fit better than the Langmuir model and provided a better interpretation of the metal uptake by living sludge. The bioaccumulation process was observed to be the predominant process in removing Cu(II) from the aqueous solutions. Removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by living and non-living cultured sludges: equilibrium modelling
Poh-Ying Chan; Si-Ling Ng; Chye-Eng Seng; Poh-Eng Lim
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 79 - 93
In this study, the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using living and non-living cultured sludges of different sludge ages was investigated. For non-living sludge, only the metabolism-independent bio-adsorption process occurred and Langmuir model was adequate to describe the adsorption isotherm. When living sludge was used as the adsorbent, a proposed model incorporating the bio-adsorption and bioaccumulation processes in sequence was found to fit better than the Langmuir model and provided a better interpretation of the metal uptake by living sludge. The bioaccumulation process was observed to be the predominant process in removing Cu(II) from the aqueous solutions.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045148 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 79 - 93 Poh-Ying Chan; Si-Ling Ng; Chye-Eng Seng; Poh-Eng Lim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. ' School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. ' School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. ' School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia living sludge non-living sludge heavy metal removal bioadsorption bioaccumulation equilibrium modelling heavy metals aqueous solutions water pollution environmental pollution. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 79 93 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=45152 The degradation kinetics of phenol in coking wastewater and the effect of electrode parameters on phenol's removal ratio in pulse corona discharge were investigated with experiments and theoretical analysis. The result showed that Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand after five days (BOD<SUB align="right">5) in the wastewater increased in the initial step, and decreased later. Conductivity rose, and pH of the wastewater decreased with the increase of action time. The phenol degradation process was a one order reaction, and the rate constant (k) was positively related to discharge frequency and voltage. Phenol's removal ratio and degradation rate in weak acidity were larger than those in weak alkalinity and neutral wastewater. The removal ratio reached its maximum when the electrode distance was set at 3.6 cm. This achievement is beneficial to the application of pulse corona discharge technology in coking wastewater disposal. Phenol degradation kinetic property in coking wastewater with pulse corona
Chenglun Liu; Longjun Xu; Yuling Yang
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 94 - 101
The degradation kinetics of phenol in coking wastewater and the effect of electrode parameters on phenol's removal ratio in pulse corona discharge were investigated with experiments and theoretical analysis. The result showed that Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand after five days (BOD<SUB align="right">5) in the wastewater increased in the initial step, and decreased later. Conductivity rose, and pH of the wastewater decreased with the increase of action time. The phenol degradation process was a one order reaction, and the rate constant (k) was positively related to discharge frequency and voltage. Phenol's removal ratio and degradation rate in weak acidity were larger than those in weak alkalinity and neutral wastewater. The removal ratio reached its maximum when the electrode distance was set at 3.6 cm. This achievement is beneficial to the application of pulse corona discharge technology in coking wastewater disposal.

]]> 10.1504/IJETM.2012.045152 International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2012) pp. 94 - 101 Chenglun Liu; Longjun Xu; Yuling Yang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. ' State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. ' College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China pulse corona discharge phenol degradation degradation kinetics coking wastewater removal ratio wastewater treatment electrode parameters conductivity chemical oxygen demand biochemical oxygen demand. 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00 15 1 94 101 2012-01-29T23:20:50-05:00