International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=7&year=2012&vol=15&issue=1/2 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 1368-275X 1741-5098 © 2012 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijeim_scoverijeim.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=7&year=2012&vol=15&issue=1/2 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44074 Search practices for accessing external knowledge are widely recognised as crucial for innovation. Geographic proximity, industrial clusters and relational proximity are argued as providing suitable conditions for searching, especially given the context/situation dependence of search practices. However, their influence on searching in emerging clusters requires elaboration. Taking the practice perspective, this study explores how geographic proximity, cluster life-stage and relational proximity influence search practices. Agents' practices from an emerging biotechnology cluster are compared to practices from existing clusters. Experience-based differences in agents' practices are theorised as regulars and strangers in cultural fields. Implications for cluster life-stage and relational proximity research, and public policy regarding are considered. Searching near and far: a practice perspective of knowledge access in emerging clusters
Lisa Callagher
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 4 - 28
Search practices for accessing external knowledge are widely recognised as crucial for innovation. Geographic proximity, industrial clusters and relational proximity are argued as providing suitable conditions for searching, especially given the context/situation dependence of search practices. However, their influence on searching in emerging clusters requires elaboration. Taking the practice perspective, this study explores how geographic proximity, cluster life-stage and relational proximity influence search practices. Agents' practices from an emerging biotechnology cluster are compared to practices from existing clusters. Experience-based differences in agents' practices are theorised as regulars and strangers in cultural fields. Implications for cluster life-stage and relational proximity research, and public policy regarding are considered.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044074 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 4 - 28 Lisa Callagher Department of Management and International Business, University of Auckland Business School, Private Bag 92109, Auckland, New Zealand emerging clusters industrial clusters biotechnology biotech clusters knowledge access practice situated learning knowledge search innovation entrepreneurship geographic proximity cluster life stages relational proximity cluster management. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 4 28 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44075 In this paper we present the preliminary results of our research which explores the role of reciprocal knowledge flow in the fuzzy front-end of collaboration activities. On the basis of desk research, i.e., a secondary research, we develop a model to display the impact of open innovation capacities in the initiation and constitution phases. We then match this model with our empirical findings in a study with pharmaceutical SMEs. We find that both absorptive and desorptive capacities play a pivotal role in the interaction of potential cooperation partners. During the negotiation process, however, the importance of these capacities shifts from the firm to the personal level. Knowledge flow at the fuzzy front-end of inter-firm R&D collaborations insights into SMEs in the pharmaceutical industry
Andreas Braun; Elisabeth Mueller; Silvia Adelhelm; Gergana Vladova
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 29 - 46
In this paper we present the preliminary results of our research which explores the role of reciprocal knowledge flow in the fuzzy front-end of collaboration activities. On the basis of desk research, i.e., a secondary research, we develop a model to display the impact of open innovation capacities in the initiation and constitution phases. We then match this model with our empirical findings in a study with pharmaceutical SMEs. We find that both absorptive and desorptive capacities play a pivotal role in the interaction of potential cooperation partners. During the negotiation process, however, the importance of these capacities shifts from the firm to the personal level.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044075 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 29 - 46 Andreas Braun; Elisabeth Mueller; Silvia Adelhelm; Gergana Vladova Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany. ' Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany. ' Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany. ' Business Information Systems and Electronic Government, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany inter-firm R&D R&D collaboration absorptive capacity desorptive capacity knowledge flow flow modelling SMEs small and medium-sized enterprises pharmaceutical industry research and development. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 29 46 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44076 This paper addresses the developments that occur during collaborative innovation process from three viewpoints: characteristics of the collaboration relationships, the learning between partners and the end products being developed in the innovation process. Combining these three simultaneous change processes gives a holistic, rich picture of the innovation process, which helps in understanding the phenomenon, identifying development needs and in planning the innovation process from both learning and collaboration perspectives. The study is based on the results of several interviews with managers responsible for innovation process in industrial companies. Dynamics of development in innovation collaboration relationships, learning and end products
Hannele Lampela
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 47 - 58
This paper addresses the developments that occur during collaborative innovation process from three viewpoints: characteristics of the collaboration relationships, the learning between partners and the end products being developed in the innovation process. Combining these three simultaneous change processes gives a holistic, rich picture of the innovation process, which helps in understanding the phenomenon, identifying development needs and in planning the innovation process from both learning and collaboration perspectives. The study is based on the results of several interviews with managers responsible for innovation process in industrial companies.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044076 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 47 - 58 Hannele Lampela Department of Industrial Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland collaborative innovation product development collaboration learning innovation networks innovation process. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 47 58 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44077 Investigating the associations between inter-organisational relationship- and innovation-oriented antecedents and consequences of cooperative multiple stakeholder product innovation and their effects on overall firm performance of Australian manufacturing firms, we found that involving external stakeholders in product innovation indirectly enhanced the quality of stakeholder relationships, but did not predict market- or technical-based product innovation outcomes as hypothesised. The key driver of overall firm performance was market-driven product innovation performance, which was predicted by product innovation strategy and product innovation spending. Our results suggest the need for simultaneous consideration of product innovation- and multiple external stakeholder-based strategic orientations in enhancing business success. Rethinking the role of external collaboration in product innovation
Tania Von der Heidt; Don Scott
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 59 - 90
Investigating the associations between inter-organisational relationship- and innovation-oriented antecedents and consequences of cooperative multiple stakeholder product innovation and their effects on overall firm performance of Australian manufacturing firms, we found that involving external stakeholders in product innovation indirectly enhanced the quality of stakeholder relationships, but did not predict market- or technical-based product innovation outcomes as hypothesised. The key driver of overall firm performance was market-driven product innovation performance, which was predicted by product innovation strategy and product innovation spending. Our results suggest the need for simultaneous consideration of product innovation- and multiple external stakeholder-based strategic orientations in enhancing business success.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044077 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 59 - 90 Tania Von der Heidt; Don Scott Southern Cross University, School of Commerce and Management, Military Drive, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia. ' Southern Cross University, School of Commerce and Management, Military Drive, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia external collaboration inter-organisational relationships IORs stakeholder orientation relationship quality product innovation innovation performance structural equation modelling SEM Australia manufacturing firms strategic orientation. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 59 90 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44078 The paper focuses on collaborative practices applied in new product development (NPD) in Russian firms. Interfirm collaboration is considered as a crucial factor of NPD success in the context of a transitional economy. The research questions are linked to analysis of Russian firms' openness in interaction with external partners in relation to product innovation; whether these patterns are related to the type of product innovation; and to what extent these patterns reflect the strategic orientation of the firm. The empirical basis of the paper is a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 223 Russian firms. The results indicate differences in interfirm collaboration in regard to the firm's NPD strategy, the type of product innovation, and the strategic aims of the firm. Collaborative approaches to new product development: the case of Russia
Maria M. Smirnova; Daria Podmetina; Juha Väätänen; Marko Torkkeli
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 91 - 107
The paper focuses on collaborative practices applied in new product development (NPD) in Russian firms. Interfirm collaboration is considered as a crucial factor of NPD success in the context of a transitional economy. The research questions are linked to analysis of Russian firms' openness in interaction with external partners in relation to product innovation; whether these patterns are related to the type of product innovation; and to what extent these patterns reflect the strategic orientation of the firm. The empirical basis of the paper is a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 223 Russian firms. The results indicate differences in interfirm collaboration in regard to the firm's NPD strategy, the type of product innovation, and the strategic aims of the firm.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044078 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 91 - 107 Maria M. Smirnova; Daria Podmetina; Juha Väätänen; Marko Torkkeli Graduate School of Management, Saint Petersburg State University, Volkhovsky per., 3, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russia. ' Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53581, Lappeenranta, Finland. ' Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53581, Lappeenranta, Finland. ' Lappeenranta University of Technology, Prikaatintie 9, 45100, Kouvola, Finland product innovation new product development collaborative NPD collaborative innovation partners Russia collaboration transitional economies. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 91 107 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44073 On the basis of a sample of 149 graduate firms from five German business incubators, this article contributes to incubator/incubation literature by investigating the effects of the age of the incubators and the firms' incubation time in securing long-term survival of the firms after leaving the incubator facilities. The empirical findings from Cox proportional hazards regression and parametric accelerated failure time models reveal a statistically significant negative impact for both variables incubator age and incubation time on post-graduation firm survival. One important implication that follows from the empirical results for policy makers and managers of those initiatives is that, when incubator managers become increasingly involved in various regional development activities, this may reduce the effectiveness of incubator support. Also, our finding speaks in favour of a strict limitation of incubation times and reinforces arguments of the supporters of maximum tenancy. Incubation time, incubator age, and firm survival after graduation
Michael Schwartz
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 108 - 130
On the basis of a sample of 149 graduate firms from five German business incubators, this article contributes to incubator/incubation literature by investigating the effects of the age of the incubators and the firms' incubation time in securing long-term survival of the firms after leaving the incubator facilities. The empirical findings from Cox proportional hazards regression and parametric accelerated failure time models reveal a statistically significant negative impact for both variables incubator age and incubation time on post-graduation firm survival. One important implication that follows from the empirical results for policy makers and managers of those initiatives is that, when incubator managers become increasingly involved in various regional development activities, this may reduce the effectiveness of incubator support. Also, our finding speaks in favour of a strict limitation of incubation times and reinforces arguments of the supporters of maximum tenancy.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044073 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 108 - 130 Michael Schwartz Department of Urban Economics, Halle Institute for Economic Research, P.O. Box 11 03 61, 06017 Halle (Saale), Germany. firm survival hazard rates business incubators local technology policy entrepreneurship incubation time incubator age Germany regional development incubator management. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 108 130 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=44072 Prior research has not given much attention to competence acquisition in small firms. In response, we developed a competence acquisition model in a sample of 842 small firms. We then tested the model through multiple regression analyses. The model acknowledges the influence of factors related to the entrepreneur, the business concept, and the small firm's existing competence based on how it acquires competence (whether it uses internal, social network, or market modes) and how this selection of modes of competence acquisition influences performance. In support of a contingency view, we find that certain antecedents seem to have different kinds of influence on the modes of competence acquisition in sub-samples characterised by different levels of internal organisational complexity and external environmental uncertainty. The influence of internal acquisition on firm performance is robust across the samples. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest areas for future research. Modelling competence acquisition in small firms
Malin Malmström; Joakim Wincent
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 131 - 158
Prior research has not given much attention to competence acquisition in small firms. In response, we developed a competence acquisition model in a sample of 842 small firms. We then tested the model through multiple regression analyses. The model acknowledges the influence of factors related to the entrepreneur, the business concept, and the small firm's existing competence based on how it acquires competence (whether it uses internal, social network, or market modes) and how this selection of modes of competence acquisition influences performance. In support of a contingency view, we find that certain antecedents seem to have different kinds of influence on the modes of competence acquisition in sub-samples characterised by different levels of internal organisational complexity and external environmental uncertainty. The influence of internal acquisition on firm performance is robust across the samples. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest areas for future research.

]]> 10.1504/IJEIM.2012.044072 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (2012) pp. 131 - 158 Malin Malmström; Joakim Wincent ETS, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden. ' ETS, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden competences firm performance competence acquisition small firms entrepreneurship organisational complexity uncertainty. 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00 15 1/2 131 158 2011-12-02T23:20:50-05:00