International Journal of Biotechnology http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=4&year=2011&vol=12&issue=1/2 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Biotechnology 0963-6048 1741-5020 © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijbt_scoverijbt.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=4&year=2011&vol=12&issue=1/2 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42680 This paper provides an assessment of the economic impact at the farm level of agricultural biotechnology on global agriculture. It examines the economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income, indirect (non-pecuniary) farm level income effects and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The analysis shows that there have been substantial net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $10.8 billion in 2009 and $64.7 billion for the 14-year period (in nominal terms). The non-pecuniary benefits associated with the use of the technology have also had a positive impact on adoption (in the USA accounting for the equivalent of 23% of the total direct farm income benefit). Biotech crops have also made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops; adding, for example, 83 million tonnes and 130 million tonnes, respectively, to global production of soybeans and corn. The income and production effects of biotech crops globally 1996-2009
Graham Brookes; Peter Barfoot
International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 1 - 49
This paper provides an assessment of the economic impact at the farm level of agricultural biotechnology on global agriculture. It examines the economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income, indirect (non-pecuniary) farm level income effects and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The analysis shows that there have been substantial net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $10.8 billion in 2009 and $64.7 billion for the 14-year period (in nominal terms). The non-pecuniary benefits associated with the use of the technology have also had a positive impact on adoption (in the USA accounting for the equivalent of 23% of the total direct farm income benefit). Biotech crops have also made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops; adding, for example, 83 million tonnes and 130 million tonnes, respectively, to global production of soybeans and corn.

]]> 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042680 International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 1 - 49 Graham Brookes; Peter Barfoot PG Economics Ltd., Wessex Barn, Frampton, Dorchester, DT2 9NB, UK. ' PG Economics Ltd., Wessex Barn, Frampton, Dorchester, DT2 9NB, UK yield cost non-pecuniary benefit production biotech crops economic impact farm income agricultural biotechnology global agriculture soybeans corn cotton canola. 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 12 1/2 1 49 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42681 Previous studies have found that gender affects perceptions and resistance to genetically modified food (GMF). Stronger aversion to innovations, lower technical interest, more concern with environment, and higher perceptions of environmental risk on the part of females relative to males have previously explained why females are less supportive of GMF. This study suggests a new explanation based on differences in economic benefits. Based on an empirical study, we show that, while males are more motivated by monetary incentives, females are less likely to prefer GMF if the incentive is price. They are more sensitive to moral and risk-reduction incentives. Education levels did not affect perceptions and preferences and thus cannot serve as explanatory variables to these gender differences. The insights gained may help policy makers in designing their communication campaigns aimed at increasing the adoption of genetically modified technology, which has the potential advantage of solving food scarcity and nutritional deficits. Attitude and purchasing decisions regarding genetically modified foods based on gender and education
Ori Agmon; Racheli Fleisher; David Zilberman; Amir Heiman
International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 50 - 65
Previous studies have found that gender affects perceptions and resistance to genetically modified food (GMF). Stronger aversion to innovations, lower technical interest, more concern with environment, and higher perceptions of environmental risk on the part of females relative to males have previously explained why females are less supportive of GMF. This study suggests a new explanation based on differences in economic benefits. Based on an empirical study, we show that, while males are more motivated by monetary incentives, females are less likely to prefer GMF if the incentive is price. They are more sensitive to moral and risk-reduction incentives. Education levels did not affect perceptions and preferences and thus cannot serve as explanatory variables to these gender differences. The insights gained may help policy makers in designing their communication campaigns aimed at increasing the adoption of genetically modified technology, which has the potential advantage of solving food scarcity and nutritional deficits.

]]> 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042681 International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 50 - 65 Ori Agmon; Racheli Fleisher; David Zilberman; Amir Heiman Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ' Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ' Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, 207 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ' Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. genetically modified food GMF GM food gender environmental risk price premium acceptance taste health attitudes purchasing decisions perceptions preferences food scarcity nutritional deficits. 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 12 1/2 50 65 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42682 In the past few decades natural emulsifiers/biosurfactants have been intensively studied for their ability as potential substitute for synthetic surfactant usage. Biosurfactants are valuable microbial amphipathic compounds with effective surface active and biological properties which are applicable to several industries and process materials. Several biosurfactants properties are low toxicity, higher biodegradability and ecological acceptability, also synthesised from wide range of raw materials. At present, biosurfactant are unable to compete with the synthetic surfactant due to their high production cost, specific functionality and production capacity to meet the need of intended applications. A considerable number of researches and studies have been published in order to eliminate the economical bottleneck of biosurfactants production process. This review describes alternatives strategies toward commercialisation of biosurfactants on a large scale that might be able to replace their chemical counterparts. Strategies toward commercial scale of biosurfactant production as potential substitute for it's chemically counterparts
Wisjnuprapto; Qomarudin Helmy; Edwan Kardena; Naoyuki Funamizu
International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 66 - 86
In the past few decades natural emulsifiers/biosurfactants have been intensively studied for their ability as potential substitute for synthetic surfactant usage. Biosurfactants are valuable microbial amphipathic compounds with effective surface active and biological properties which are applicable to several industries and process materials. Several biosurfactants properties are low toxicity, higher biodegradability and ecological acceptability, also synthesised from wide range of raw materials. At present, biosurfactant are unable to compete with the synthetic surfactant due to their high production cost, specific functionality and production capacity to meet the need of intended applications. A considerable number of researches and studies have been published in order to eliminate the economical bottleneck of biosurfactants production process. This review describes alternatives strategies toward commercialisation of biosurfactants on a large scale that might be able to replace their chemical counterparts.

]]> 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042682 International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 66 - 86 Wisjnuprapto; Qomarudin Helmy; Edwan Kardena; Naoyuki Funamizu Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung-Indonesia, Ganesha 10 Bandung-West Java, Indonesia ' Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung-Indonesia, Ganesha 10 Bandung-West Java, Indonesia. ' Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung-Indonesia, Ganesha 10 Bandung-West Java, Indonesia. ' Laboratory of Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Division of Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan. biosurfactants agroindustrial by-products renewable resources downstream process commercial production biotechnology. 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 12 1/2 66 86 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42683 While the economic impact of biotechnology is disputed, empirical data and research about diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology in application sectors is rather limited. In this paper, actual and prospective diffusion of biotechnology in different application industries is analysed on a disaggregated level by combining production data with a written expert survey. On the basis of these results, an input-output model was used to calculate the direct and indirect employment effects of biotechnology in Germany for the years 2004 and 2020. The results suggest a further diffusion of biotechnology in all application sectors. The subsequent employment occurs in both application industries and upstream sectors. Diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology a case study for Germany
Sven Wydra; Michael Nusser
International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 87 - 103
While the economic impact of biotechnology is disputed, empirical data and research about diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology in application sectors is rather limited. In this paper, actual and prospective diffusion of biotechnology in different application industries is analysed on a disaggregated level by combining production data with a written expert survey. On the basis of these results, an input-output model was used to calculate the direct and indirect employment effects of biotechnology in Germany for the years 2004 and 2020. The results suggest a further diffusion of biotechnology in all application sectors. The subsequent employment occurs in both application industries and upstream sectors.

]]> 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042683 International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 87 - 103 Sven Wydra; Michael Nusser Department Emerging Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Breslauer Str. 48, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. ' Fachhochschule Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Ricklinger Stadtweg 120, 30459 Hannover, Germany biotechnology technology diffusion employment input-output model Germany economic impact. 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 12 1/2 87 103 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=42679 Despite its substantial contributions to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), there is no known systematic study on the governance of the biotechnology sector and how its performance is measured. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the firms registered in the UK Biotechnology Handbook. With a response rate of 38% and rigorous analysis, the results show that, when measuring performance, managers use both the financial and nonfinancial indicators, but emphasise the financial indicators more. The financial indicators include turnover, profit margins, cash reserve and liquidity, while the nonfinancial indicators are about meeting the customers' needs and expectations. More specifically, the managers place attention to the reporting of the environmental issues of their firms, reflecting their readiness to excel in social corporate responsibilities. The results have implications for the biotechnology sector and regulators for public policy. The use of performance measurements in the biotechnology sector
Yun Dai; H. Gin Chong
International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 104 - 121
Despite its substantial contributions to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), there is no known systematic study on the governance of the biotechnology sector and how its performance is measured. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the firms registered in the UK Biotechnology Handbook. With a response rate of 38% and rigorous analysis, the results show that, when measuring performance, managers use both the financial and nonfinancial indicators, but emphasise the financial indicators more. The financial indicators include turnover, profit margins, cash reserve and liquidity, while the nonfinancial indicators are about meeting the customers' needs and expectations. More specifically, the managers place attention to the reporting of the environmental issues of their firms, reflecting their readiness to excel in social corporate responsibilities. The results have implications for the biotechnology sector and regulators for public policy.

]]> 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042679 International Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (2011) pp. 104 - 121 Yun Dai; H. Gin Chong Business School, London Metropolitan University, 84 Moorgate, London, EC2M 6SQ, UK. ' College of Business, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446-0519, USA performance measurement performance measures governance financial indicators nonfinancial indicators biotechnology firms public policy environmental issues corporate social responsibility CSR. 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00 12 1/2 104 121 2011-09-26T23:20:50-05:00