International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=323&year=2011&vol=2&issue=2 Inderscience Publishers Ltd en-uk International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 1756-0799 1756-0802 © 2011 Inderscience Publishers Ltd editor@inderscience.com https://www.inderscience.com/images/files/coverImgs/ijbnn_scoverijbnn.jpg http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=323&year=2011&vol=2&issue=2 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=40996 Accurate temperature control with high spatial resolution is a challenging research topic in nano- and biotechnology. Due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties carbon nanotubes reveal a promising potential as biomedical agents for temperature sensoring on the cellular level. Filling carbon nanotubes with tailored materials realises nanoscaled containers in which the active content is encapsulated by a protecting carbon shell. In particular, the filling with NMR active substances allows the usage as markers and temperature sensors. Their potential for biomedical applications is highlighted by temperature dependent NMR studies giving a proof-of-concept for a non-invasive temperature control on the cellular level. Thermometry on the nanometre-scale for biomedical applications using NMR spectroscopy
Anja U.B. Wolter, Rudiger Klingeler, Bernd Buchner
International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 99 - 111
Accurate temperature control with high spatial resolution is a challenging research topic in nano- and biotechnology. Due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties carbon nanotubes reveal a promising potential as biomedical agents for temperature sensoring on the cellular level. Filling carbon nanotubes with tailored materials realises nanoscaled containers in which the active content is encapsulated by a protecting carbon shell. In particular, the filling with NMR active substances allows the usage as markers and temperature sensors. Their potential for biomedical applications is highlighted by temperature dependent NMR studies giving a proof-of-concept for a non-invasive temperature control on the cellular level.

]]> 10.1504/IJBNN.2011.040996 International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 99 - 111 Anja U.B. Wolter Rudiger Klingeler Bernd Buchner Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. ' Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. ' Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany carbon nanotubes CNT temperature control NMR nuclear magnetic resonance magnetic resonance imaging MRI nanotechnology biomedical nanoscience cells nanotechnology. 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 2 99 111 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=40997 Nanocomposites are combinations of nanomaterials with other molecules or nanoscaled materials, such as nanoparticles or nanotubes. In general, these novel nanocomposites have different physical and chemical properties from the constituent particles or wires, and will thus allow new kinds of applications. Among these nanocomposites, gold-carbon nanotube (Au-CNT) composites are of particular interests, due to their easy fabrication protocols and broad potential applications. Au-CNT nanocomposites commonly refer to gold nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanotubes. To obtain Au-CNT nanocomposites, different methods have been developed, including direct and linked deposition of gold nanoparticles on CNT. Au-CNT nanocomposites combine the excellent physical and chemical properties of both gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. The easy modification surface of gold nanoparticle and the excellent conductivity of carbon nanotube as well the high surface area, point towards a broad range of applications, such as biosensing, gas sensing, and electrochemistry. This paper reviews the recent progress of different kinds of Au-CNT nanocomposites and their synthesis and applications. Gold-carbon nanotube nanocomposites: synthesis and applications
Ren Yun Zhang, Hakan Olin
International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 112 - 135
Nanocomposites are combinations of nanomaterials with other molecules or nanoscaled materials, such as nanoparticles or nanotubes. In general, these novel nanocomposites have different physical and chemical properties from the constituent particles or wires, and will thus allow new kinds of applications. Among these nanocomposites, gold-carbon nanotube (Au-CNT) composites are of particular interests, due to their easy fabrication protocols and broad potential applications. Au-CNT nanocomposites commonly refer to gold nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanotubes. To obtain Au-CNT nanocomposites, different methods have been developed, including direct and linked deposition of gold nanoparticles on CNT. Au-CNT nanocomposites combine the excellent physical and chemical properties of both gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. The easy modification surface of gold nanoparticle and the excellent conductivity of carbon nanotube as well the high surface area, point towards a broad range of applications, such as biosensing, gas sensing, and electrochemistry. This paper reviews the recent progress of different kinds of Au-CNT nanocomposites and their synthesis and applications.

]]> 10.1504/IJBNN.2011.040997 International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 112 - 135 Ren Yun Zhang Hakan Olin Department of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden. ' Department of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden nanocomposites gold nanoparticles gold carbon nanotubes CNT synthesis applications sensors nanotechnology nanomaterials. 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 2 112 135 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=40998 Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an in situ and real-time monitoring system used to detect toxic agents by monitoring changes in impedance of a confluent cell monolayer. When toxic agents are introduced to cells, they can cause a change in the cell barrier function, a direct measure of the resistance to current flow caused by tight junction formation between cells. This exposure results in an immediate, quantitative change in the measured resistance between the electrodes, thus, continuously monitoring cell behaviour and by extension, toxic exposure. We have developed an ECIS-based protocol to functionally characterise epithelial cell response when challenged by different toxicants, particularly silver and copper nanoparticles. We verified our impedance changes with observed structural changes by fluorescent staining of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein in the tight junctions of a model epithelial cell line. Evaluation of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing for the detection of nanomaterial toxicity
Erin McAuley, Bhavana Mohanraj, Theresa Phamduy, George E. Plopper, David T. Corr, Douglas B. Chrisey
International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 136 - 151
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an in situ and real-time monitoring system used to detect toxic agents by monitoring changes in impedance of a confluent cell monolayer. When toxic agents are introduced to cells, they can cause a change in the cell barrier function, a direct measure of the resistance to current flow caused by tight junction formation between cells. This exposure results in an immediate, quantitative change in the measured resistance between the electrodes, thus, continuously monitoring cell behaviour and by extension, toxic exposure. We have developed an ECIS-based protocol to functionally characterise epithelial cell response when challenged by different toxicants, particularly silver and copper nanoparticles. We verified our impedance changes with observed structural changes by fluorescent staining of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein in the tight junctions of a model epithelial cell line.

]]> 10.1504/IJBNN.2011.040998 International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 136 - 151 Erin McAuley Bhavana Mohanraj Theresa Phamduy George E. Plopper David T. Corr Douglas B. Chrisey Biology Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 43 Eagle Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. ' Biomedical Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 83 14th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. ' Biomedical Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 83 14th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. ' Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, CBIS 2115, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. ' Biomedical Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, JEC 7049 7th Fl., 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. ' Materials Science and Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, MRC 1st Fl., 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA electric cell-substrate impedance sensing ECIS nanotechnology nanomaterial toxicity tight junctions capacitance cell-based sensors real time monitoring quantitative sensing resistance nanomaterials confluent cell monolayers cell barrier function current flow toxic exposure copper nanoparticles silver nanoparticles. 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 2 136 151 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=40999 A highly-integrated PCR-based detection system has been developed for the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nanofabricated fluidic cartridges were used to carry out SYBR Green-based fluorogenic PCR assays for the detection of Bacillus anthracis which incorporated the chromosomal BA813 locus as the target for amplification. Real-time PCR assay conditions and operating parameters were optimised to increase detection sensitivity. Optimisation of the system resulted in the detection of as few as 40 B. anthracis colony forming units (CFU) with an average time to detection of 60 min, inclusive of DNA purification and PCR amplification, and a dynamic range of 40 to 400,000 CFU. Real-time fluorescence curves were analysed using a simplified mathematical method to determine threshold cycle (Ct) values with comparable results to a statistically-based analysis algorithm. These results support the utility of the system for rapid, sensitive detection of B. anthracis as well as potential for quantitative determination of target cell concentration. PCR-based detection of Bacillus anthracis using an integrated microfluidic platform
Nathaniel C. Cady, Scott J. Stelick, Carl A. Batt
International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 152 - 166
A highly-integrated PCR-based detection system has been developed for the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nanofabricated fluidic cartridges were used to carry out SYBR Green-based fluorogenic PCR assays for the detection of Bacillus anthracis which incorporated the chromosomal BA813 locus as the target for amplification. Real-time PCR assay conditions and operating parameters were optimised to increase detection sensitivity. Optimisation of the system resulted in the detection of as few as 40 B. anthracis colony forming units (CFU) with an average time to detection of 60 min, inclusive of DNA purification and PCR amplification, and a dynamic range of 40 to 400,000 CFU. Real-time fluorescence curves were analysed using a simplified mathematical method to determine threshold cycle (Ct) values with comparable results to a statistically-based analysis algorithm. These results support the utility of the system for rapid, sensitive detection of B. anthracis as well as potential for quantitative determination of target cell concentration.

]]> 10.1504/IJBNN.2011.040999 International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 152 - 166 Nathaniel C. Cady Scott J. Stelick Carl A. Batt College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, 255 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA. ' Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. ' Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA microfluidics biosensors polymerase chain reaction PCR microchips DNA purification Bacillus anthracis detection pathogenic bacteria bacteria identification nanofabrication nanotechnology anthrax. 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 2 152 166 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41000 Amyloid fibrils are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Being formed from more than 20 different proteins that are functionally or structurally unrelated, amyloid fibrils share a common cross-β core structure. It is a well-accepted hypothesis that fibril biological activity and the associated toxicity vary with their morphology. Partial denaturation of a native protein usually precedes the initial stage of fibrillation, namely the nucleation process. Low pH and elevated temperature, typical conditions of amyloid fibril formation in vitro, resulted in partial denaturation of the proteins. Cleavage of disulfide bonds results typically in significant disruption of protein native structure and in the formation of the molten global state. Herein we report on a comparative investigation of fibril formation by apo-α-lactalbumin and its analog that contains only one of the four original disulfide bonds using deep UV resonance and non-resonance Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Significant differences in the aggregation mechanism and the resulting fibril morphology were found. The impact of protein disulfide bonds on the amyloid fibril morphology
Dmitry Kurouski, Igor K. Lednev
International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 167 - 176
Amyloid fibrils are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Being formed from more than 20 different proteins that are functionally or structurally unrelated, amyloid fibrils share a common cross-β core structure. It is a well-accepted hypothesis that fibril biological activity and the associated toxicity vary with their morphology. Partial denaturation of a native protein usually precedes the initial stage of fibrillation, namely the nucleation process. Low pH and elevated temperature, typical conditions of amyloid fibril formation in vitro, resulted in partial denaturation of the proteins. Cleavage of disulfide bonds results typically in significant disruption of protein native structure and in the formation of the molten global state. Herein we report on a comparative investigation of fibril formation by apo-α-lactalbumin and its analog that contains only one of the four original disulfide bonds using deep UV resonance and non-resonance Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Significant differences in the aggregation mechanism and the resulting fibril morphology were found.

]]> 10.1504/IJBNN.2011.041000 International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 167 - 176 Dmitry Kurouski Igor K. Lednev Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA. ' Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA alpha-lactalbumin amyloid fibrils protein disulfide bonds polymorphism ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy aggregation kinetics fibrillation kinetics protein structure protein aggregation fibrillation mechanism neurodegenerative diseases fibril formation. 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 2 167 176 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=41001 There is a need for an inexpensive, non-invasive and quick investigation with high sensitivity and specificity for early and accurate diagnosis of cancers. The present amplified bioassay takes advantage of the state-of-the-art electrical DNA detection methods, including the highly sensitive stripping response based on the intrinsic electroactivity of guanine and adenine nucleobases, and the amplification potential of latex microspheres carrying numerous oligonucleotide tags. The dramatic signal amplification advantage of this type of detection has been combined with efficient magnetic removal of non-complementary DNA for maximum selectivity, use of microlitre sample volumes and disposable transducers. The advantages of this procedure were demonstrated by its application in the detection of DNA segments related to the BRCA1 breast cancer gene. Oligonucleotide-based signal amplification for ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor
Abdel-Nasser Kawde
International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 177 - 186
There is a need for an inexpensive, non-invasive and quick investigation with high sensitivity and specificity for early and accurate diagnosis of cancers. The present amplified bioassay takes advantage of the state-of-the-art electrical DNA detection methods, including the highly sensitive stripping response based on the intrinsic electroactivity of guanine and adenine nucleobases, and the amplification potential of latex microspheres carrying numerous oligonucleotide tags. The dramatic signal amplification advantage of this type of detection has been combined with efficient magnetic removal of non-complementary DNA for maximum selectivity, use of microlitre sample volumes and disposable transducers. The advantages of this procedure were demonstrated by its application in the detection of DNA segments related to the BRCA1 breast cancer gene.

]]> 10.1504/IJBNN.2011.041001 International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011) pp. 177 - 186 Abdel-Nasser Kawde Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, KSA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt electrochemical biosensors signal amplification breast cancer gene detection intrinsic electroactivity nucleic acids DNA hybridisation detection oligonucleotides nano-tags nanotechnology cancer diagnosis early diagnosis microlitre samples disposable transducers. 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00 2 2 177 186 2011-06-28T23:20:50-05:00