International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (6 papers in press)

• Numerical Simulations of Corrosion Product Activity in Purification System of a Typical PWR under Nonlinearly Rising Corrosion and Flow Rates Perturbations
  by Muhammad Rafique, Nasir Majid Mirza, Sikander Majid Mirza 
  Abstract: Numerical simulations of corrosion product activity in the purification system of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) are presented. Computer code CPAIR-RC developed by the authors has been used to find corrosion product activity in Ion-exchanger and Filters of PWR under nonlinearly rising corrosion rates and flow rate perturbations. For nonlinearly rising corrosion rates, a typical value of removal rate 750 cm3 s-1 is taken, for which the saturation value of the activity has been found sufficiently low (0.27 µCi cm-3). Simulation results shows that for the constant refueling and purification process the activity due to 59Fe, 99Mo, and 56Mn reaches saturation values with in about 1000 hours of reactor operation. However, two major contributors to radioactive build up 58Co, and 60Co keep on accumulating and do not saturate with in this period. When flow rate is decreased by 10% of rated flow rate after 500 hours of reactor operation, a dip in activity is seen, which reaches to the value of 0.0182 µCi cm-3 then, again it begins to rise and reaches saturation value of 0.271 µCi cm-3. Computed values of corrosion product activity from CPAIR-RC computer program has been compared with some of the experimental data available in literature, and a fair agreement between them has been found.
  Keywords: Pressurized water reactor (PWR), Ion-exchanger, saturation activity, removal rate, filters
   
• Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals in Brazil After Amendment 49
  by Ralph Santos-Oliveira, Sheila Weiss Smith 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of radiopharmaceutical, the implications of amendment 49, and the future needs for regulation and trainning in Brazil.
  Keywords: Radiopharmacy, radiopharmaceuticals, Amendment 49, legislative aspects
   
• An experimental study on electroforming of ternary Ni-Co-Mn alloy
  by teeyuan CHEN, Dau-Chung Wang 
  Abstract: The goal of this research is to arrive with a new additive for Ni-Co-Mn ternary alloy electroforming. Under the new recipe we can control the composition of Ni-Co-Mn, and prove that electroformed ternary Ni-Co-Mn alloy has better mechanical properties compared to electroformed Ni-Co alloy. This research also discusses the effect of Mn concentration on the resulting mechanical properties of electroformed Ni-Co-Mn alloys.
  Keywords: electroforming；Ni-Co-Mn alloy；hardness；additive；Mn concentration；MEMS.
   
• OXIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A588 STEEL AND ITS APPLICABILITY TO HIGH HEAT LOAD NUCLEAR WASTE PACKAGE DESIGNS
  by Piyush Kar 
  Abstract: The ASTM A588 steel is proposed as the outer wall material for the Second Generation Waste Packages Designs [Armijo et al (2006) and Kar (2006)]. Oxidation weight gain kinetics was evaluated for the A588 steel by thermal-gravimetric method at a range of temperatures (475 to 600 ºC). Isothermal oxidation tests were conducted in dry air. Oxidation at lower temperatures followed parabolic kinetics and that at temperatures, above 575 ºC, is faster. Morphology and composition of the scales, formed at 475 ºC, favor the applicability of the A588 steel. Assuming realistic activation energy and oxide scale growth rate, the calculated metal penetration depth was determined to be to very small. Protective nature of the oxide scale on the steel is investigated in this work and discussed in relevance to the Second Generation Waste package and the other high heat load waste package designs [Kar et al, 2006 and 2007].
  Keywords: low alloy steel, air oxidation, nuclear waste package design
   
• SOCIO-ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDUSTRIAL GAMMA IRRADIATOR IN THE RIBEIRA VALLEY, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL
  by Carlos Ghobril, Nelida Mastro 
  Abstract: Gamma irradiation processing can be used to destroy bacteria in food as a cold pasteurization method. It can be applied also to prevent food losses after harvesting, to delaying ripening and aging of fruits and vegetables, to control sprouting and germination and to extent shelf life of perishable foods. Radiation treatment is used currently in Brazil for the sterilization of disposable medical items in several industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the application of this physical treatment on food is quite limited until now. The Ribeira Valley is the main Brazilian producer region of banana and tea, although is poor developed in terms of per capita income. That sort of produce could benefit through the availability of an irradiator in the region. In this work we focus on the effect of the construction of a commercial scale irradiation facility on Ribeira Valley, the viability of the project as well as socio-economical aspects.
  Keywords: Food irradiation, irradiators, Ribeira Valley, socio-economical development, banana
   
• Application of Genetic Algorithm for Optimization The Safety System of the Chimney Water Injection System of the Nuclear Reactor
  by w. ibrahim 
  Abstract: Abstract :-The purpose of this paper is to present an approach to optimization the Chimney water Injection System of Egypt Second Research Reactor which every target is considered as a separate objective to be optimized. Multi objective optimization is a powerful tool for resolving conflicting objectives in engineering design and numerous other fields. One approach to solving multi objective optimization problems is the non-dominated sorting genetic Algorithm and we applied it in regarding the choice of the time intervals for the periodic testing of the components of the Chimney Water Injection System (CWIS) of the 22 MW open pool Multipurpose Reactor "MPR" at the Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo- Egypt. The Egypt Second Research Reactor, ETRR-2, has been used as a case study. The failure probability of the already existing safety systems has been reviewed.
  Keywords: Key Word: Genetic Algorithm, Non dominated Sorting, Multi objective, Nuclear Reactor