International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management (4 papers in press)

• RESEARCH VALORISATION THROUGH SPIN-OFF VENTURES: INTEGRATION OF EXISTING CONCETPS AND TYPOLOGIES
  by Sven H. De Cleyn, Johan Braet 
  Abstract: The research domain of innovation and entrepreneurship is relatively young and fragmented. Therefore, no consensus exists on the definition of the main concepts. In a sub-domain of entrepreneurship, this paper intends to both elucidate (the differences between) the concepts of ‘spin-off’ and ‘spin-out’ and, starting from existing literature taxonomies, to integrate several existing spin-off taxonomies, classifications and typologies in order to create a clear and complete framework for further research. This way, 10 different ‘ideal’ spin-off and spin-out types will be defined, based on five distinguishing dimensions. These dimensions have been extracted from both theory and practice and relate strongly to the new venture’s behaviour, strategy and performance. The resulting integrated typology will be illustrated in view of its practical and theoretical implications.
  Keywords: Spin-off; Spin-out; High-tech venture; Taxonomy; Integrated typology; Entrepreneurship; Technology transfer; University
   
• THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND RISK CAPITAL ON SURVIVAL OF UNIVERSITY SPIN-OFFS: FINDINGS FROM 16 EARLY STAGE CASE STUDIES
  by Sven H. De Cleyn, Johan Braet 
  Abstract: Scholar research seems to confirm that the type of funding of a university spin-off venture influences these survival chances. This study aims to investigate whether the basic type of funding used for young university spin-offs influences the survival chances. The reasoning is that screening by a previously independent party such as government agencies, business angels or venture capitalists provides additional evidence on the potential of a project or venture. The preliminary results, based on 16 case studies with Belgian university spin-offs, seem to confirm that successful application for government subsidies for the development of a technology, product or business increases the likelihood of venture survival. On the other hand, access to risk capital seems not to positively influence survival chances.
  Keywords: university spin-off; academic entrepreneurship; government support; government subsidies; business angel; venture capital; funding; finance; company survival; case studies
   
• TRAINING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON THE INNOVATIVE CAPACITY OF ENTREPRENEURS
  by Natalia Martin Cruz, Juan Hernangomez Barahona, Ana Isabel Rodriguez Escudero, Fernando Saboia Leitao 
  Abstract: With the objective of improving competitiveness, the business structure requires entrepreneurial projects which are preferably characterized by high levels of innovation. One way of enhancing innovative capacity is to use training programs which meet the specific needs of those individuals who lead the projects. In this paper, we propose to study what type of training is most appropriate in order to reinforce such a capacity. To achieve this objective, we used a sample of 354 entrepreneurs from Castile and Leon. The results obtained lead us to recommend that the training centres and institutions which organise them should give preference to specific entrepreneurial training – and not as much to general training in business aspects – when they wish to strengthen the innovating spirit of the entrepreneurs.
  Keywords: Entrepreneurship, training, innovation.
   
• Attributes of Innovative Companies in diverse Innovation Typologies
  by Michael Lewrick, Robert Raeside 
  Abstract: The subject of the study reported in this paper is the exploration of companies attributes, which discuss the impact of core companies’ characteristics towards innovation in diverse innovation typologies, for both incremental and radical innovations. The study of companies in a high technology cluster confirms that innovation drives business performance, and it also outlines, which organisational attributes drive radical innovations. These include attributes associated with product centricity, internationalisation, bottom-up strategies and the degree of centrality in interorganisational networks. The impact of organisational characteristics in different industry sectors is also analysed.
  Keywords: Innovation, management of innovation, Organisational characteristics of Innovation, Innovation typologies, Survey, Regression Analysis, Innovation performance assessment