Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Massoud Shabaab Author-X-Name-First: Massoud Author-X-Name-Last: Shabaab Author-Name: Mohammadali Keramati Author-X-Name-First: Mohammadali Author-X-Name-Last: Keramati Author-Name: Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Author-X-Name-First: Abbas Toloie Author-X-Name-Last: Eshlaghy Title: Technological collaborations model in Iranian automotive industry: developing an open source hardware platform Abstract: The present research seeks to answer the question of what are the variables and parameters to create a technological collaborations model in order to develop an open source hardware platform in automotive research and development. The research and development network in the Iranian automotive industry was selected as a statistical population that included different levels of developers, aggregators and automaker. The methods of fuzzy cognitive maps and mathematical modelling were used in two phases. Optimal relationships between different members were formed as within and between groups in terms of cost and value and according to the optimal model, the impacts of this interactions led to forming a common platform with minimum cost and maximum value. Technological collaborations in research and development networks are prevalent, but developing an open hardware platform in automotive research and development and determining an optimised community based on a multiplex network is new in this work. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 315-339 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: technological collaborations; open innovation; automotive research and development; open platform; open source hardware; multiplex networks; MLN; multilayer networks; open design. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125698 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:315-339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Fischer Author-X-Name-First: Bruno Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer Author-Name: Adriana Bayona-Alsina Author-X-Name-First: Adriana Author-X-Name-Last: Bayona-Alsina Author-Name: Anne Kathleen Lopes Da Rocha Author-X-Name-First: Anne Kathleen Lopes Da Author-X-Name-Last: Rocha Author-Name: G. Hermínio Salati Marcondes De Moraes Author-X-Name-First: G. Hermínio Salati Marcondes De Author-X-Name-Last: Moraes Title: Ecosystems of green entrepreneurship in perspective: evidence from Brazil Abstract: While our comprehension on the configurations and dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems has advanced significantly, there remains a conspicuous gap in how localised phenomena shape transitions towards environmentally sustainable regions - particularly outside the scope of advanced nations. Accordingly, our research explores how entrepreneurial ecosystems affect the emergence of green entrepreneurship within a developing country context. The empirical setting comprises data from the State of São Paulo, Brazil for the period 2002-2019. Econometric estimations involved generalised estimating equations for count data in a panel dataset. Results highlight that entrepreneurial ecosystems for green entrepreneurship appear to strongly rely on research universities, innovation habitats and connections to global value chains. These findings contribute to policymaking processes looking to further connect the promotion of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship with environmentally sustainable transitions within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 52-77 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship; KIE; green entrepreneurship; ecosystems of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial ecosystems; bioeconomy; bio-based entrepreneurship; developing countries; Brazil; panel data; negative binomial estimations; generalised estimating equations. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:52-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esin Yoruk Author-X-Name-First: Esin Author-X-Name-Last: Yoruk Author-Name: Andrew Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Author-Name: Gideon Maas Author-X-Name-First: Gideon Author-X-Name-Last: Maas Author-Name: Paul Jones Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Conceptualising the transformational power of entrepreneurship from an entrepreneurial ecosystems perspective focusing on environmentally and socially inclusive economic growth Abstract: This paper focuses on the philosophy of transformational entrepreneurship and explores what role entrepreneurial ecosystems fulfil within that to stimulate environmentally and socially inclusive growth. It first examines the past and current contributions in the entrepreneurship literature. Then, it considers the current debate on the transformative power of entrepreneurship and how it can be best utilised for creation of sustainable socio-economic growth via diverse forms of entrepreneurship and interdependencies between entrepreneurial actions and functions at different income levels. From this basis, this research contributes to the recent literature on transformational effects of entrepreneurship by providing novel insights into the role entrepreneurial ecosystems fulfil in transforming societies. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 192-220 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; transformation; transformational entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial ecosystems; low-income economies; middle-income economies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:192-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adah-Kole Emmanuel Onjewu Author-X-Name-First: Adah-Kole Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Onjewu Author-Name: Vahid Jafari-Sadeghi Author-X-Name-First: Vahid Author-X-Name-Last: Jafari-Sadeghi Author-Name: Sundas Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Sundas Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Title: Revisiting innovation practices in subsistence farming: the net effects of land management, pesticide, herbicide and fungicide practices on expected crop harvest in Ethiopia Abstract: To settle inconsistent findings in the farming innovation and productivity nexus, this inquiry examines the land management practices of 7,625 households in rural Ethiopia. Specifically, the net effects of: 1) improved seeds; 2) mixed cropping; 3) row planting on the use of; 4) pesticides; 5) herbicides; 6) fungicides are assessed. Using a structural equation technique, the study probes how these six practices predict households' expected harvest. It is found that while improved seeds increase pesticide, herbicide and fungicide use, mixed cropping and row planting generally reduce these practices. Moreover, mixed cropping moderately increases expected harvest while improved seeds and row planting have the reverse effect. The interrelations of these factors increase knowledge in contingency-driven agronomics, and provoke reflection on the sustainability of land management practices. Particularly, opposed to prevailing views, it is demonstrated that sowing traditional seeds will reduce households' reliance on pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. The inherent findings speak to policy-makers tasked with supporting peasant life in rural Ethiopia and similar contexts. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 23-51 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: improved seeds; mixed cropping; row planting; pesticides; herbicides; fungicides; expected harvest; farming innovation; subsistence farming; structural equation modelling; Ethiopia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:23-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Kirby Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kirby Author-Name: Iman El-Kaffass Author-X-Name-First: Iman Author-X-Name-Last: El-Kaffass Title: The characteristics of a green, innovative and transformational entrepreneur: an example of transformative entrepreneurship in an efficiency-driven economy Abstract: The article addresses the issue of entrepreneurship and sustainability by considering the characteristics of an Egyptian transformational green entrepreneur and the venture he founded. It is based on two in-depth case studies derived from secondary data and participant observation and results in a new holistic model for business that harmonises or integrates the main economic, ecological, humane and social approaches to entrepreneurship to produce a venture with a triple bottom line that does not just address profit but also people and planet. The model recognises the systemic nature of the planet and is based on systems thinking and the principle of harmony. Apart from developing the business model the attributes of the transformative entrepreneur are considered, and the role of spirituality and 'ethical custom' is discussed. The article questions, also, the Friedman (1970) mantra that the responsibility of business is 'to make as much money as possible'. The implications of the approach are considered and the article will be of interest to both entrepreneurship academics and practitioners. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 7-22 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: green entrepreneurship; transformative entrepreneurship; innovation; Egypt. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:7-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grigory Aleksin Author-X-Name-First: Grigory Author-X-Name-Last: Aleksin Author-Name: Simen Christian Kalbakk-Bøhler Author-X-Name-First: Simen Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Kalbakk-Bøhler Title: Environmental entrepreneurship and inclusive growth: a three-fold approach to analysis Abstract: This article assesses the contribution of entrepreneurs to inclusive growth, and explores both the determinants and impact of environmental entrepreneurs on pollution emissions. Firstly, we use a dynamic linear panel model to quantify the impact of various types of entrepreneurship on inclusive growth proxied by real household expenditure growth. Though there is no significant direct effect on inclusive growth, entrepreneurship appears to be more important in developing countries. Secondly, using a random effects model, we consider entrepreneurs' role in pollution-reduction efforts. We find that entrepreneurs have contributed positively to carbon dioxide emissions. This effect, however, decreases with the level of development, suggesting that improving institutional quality is the key to promoting environmental entrepreneurship capable of making a difference to climate change. Finally, we use a hierarchical probit model to identify the key determinants of environmental entrepreneurship for individual entrepreneurs. Surprisingly, we find that high environmental pressure is associated with a lower probability of becoming an environmental entrepreneur. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 153-191 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: environmental entrepreneurship; inclusive growth; GEM-data; social entrepreneurship; developing nations; low income; middle income; technological learning; innovation and development; probit; dynamic panel model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:153-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marat Myrzakhmet Author-X-Name-First: Marat Author-X-Name-Last: Myrzakhmet Author-Name: Kabira Begimbay Author-X-Name-First: Kabira Author-X-Name-Last: Begimbay Title: Inclusion of universities, enterprises, and regions of Kazakhstan in the process of technological upgrading of the mining industry: a triple helix approach Abstract: This paper investigates universities with educational programs in mining specialties, mining enterprises, and regions with a developed mining industry in developing countries on the example of Kazakhstan. The analysis showed that universities are the weakest link in the chain of universities-enterprises-regions, since their structure is poorly balanced in relation to business: though to a smaller extent, science does cooperate with education, while business in universities remains an alien element and does not generate income on its own. The creation of a mining cluster around a university with mining majors can help multiply collaborative efforts. The involvement of universities in the extraction of mineral resources and the accompanying processes within such a cluster will significantly change the type and role of the regional industry, and as a result, will become a driver of economic growth in the region. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 78-107 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: triple helix; third mission; university; mining; technological upgrading; cluster; region; Kazakhstan; KZ; webometric method; PLS-SEM; WarpPLS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:78-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fadil Sahiti Author-X-Name-First: Fadil Author-X-Name-Last: Sahiti Title: Manufacturing firms and entrepreneurial dynamics in less developed economies: Kosovo in comparative perspective Abstract: This paper examines patterns of dynamics of manufacturing firms in Kosovo's economy over the period 2008-2017. The findings for Kosovo are discussed and analysed in the context of comparator countries at different economic levels. The findings show that although the number of incumbent manufacturing firms in Kosovo is almost half less than in comparator countries, there is a vibrant entrepreneurial environment which is supported by young and very small sized firms that are able to survive beyond the age of five. An important pattern that seems to be specific to the country is the rate of exit firms, which is significantly lower than all other reference countries. Although these results support the prevalence of subsistence and necessity-driven entrepreneurship in Kosovo, survival analysis results hint that there may be scope for opportunity-driven entrepreneurship if particularly strong sectors are supported using recent advantages of digitalisation and greening agenda in the economy. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 108-133 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: creative destruction; firm dynamics; small business; duration analysis; entrepreneurship; hazard function; manufacturing; least developed countries; Kosovo. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:108-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amir Emami Author-X-Name-First: Amir Author-X-Name-Last: Emami Author-Name: Mostafa Keikhay Farzane Author-X-Name-First: Mostafa Keikhay Author-X-Name-Last: Farzane Title: A bibliometric analysis of entrepreneurship research in Iran Abstract: This research aims to examine the bibliometric characteristics of entrepreneurship research published with the subject of Iran in the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. The study identifies the most prolific years, key areas, laborious authors, influential journals, and leading institutions in entrepreneurship research. Afterwards, co-authorship network and keyword co-occurrences network maps are provided. 644 documents were used to retrieve the bibliometric analysis as a thematic search. Data analysis was performed by the scientometrics software of Sci2, Gephi and RStudio. Findings show the upward trend in publishing documents in the entrepreneurship field during the last 20 years. Moreover, 2018 and 2016 were the most abundant years regarding publication (92 papers) and citation (677 citations), respectively. We generated the co-authorship networks with 1,358 authors. Methodologically speaking, this research contributes a study into using a more robust approach to discover the scientometric trends about entrepreneurship in Iran. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 134-152 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: bibliometric; entrepreneurship; Iran; scientometrics; Gephi; Sci2; Scopus; RStudio; bibliometrix; biblioshiny; bibliographic; co-authorship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:1/2:p:134-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yichalewal Goshime Gebremariyam Author-X-Name-First: Yichalewal Goshime Author-X-Name-Last: Gebremariyam Author-Name: Daniel Kitaw Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Kitaw Author-Name: Frank Ebinger Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Ebinger Title: Reverse engineering as a driver to enhance productivity and technological capability of manufacturing firms in developing countries: a literature review Abstract: This research deals with the role of reverse engineering (RE) in enhancing productivity (product quality and processing time improvements) and technological capability (TC). Using a systematic reviewing approach, the authors investigated and raised novel debating concepts, i.e., the controversy between advocates and opponents concerning the role of RE and the legality issues. The review process revealed the absence of a holistic definition that can address the state-of-the-art, and the impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) to adopt RE practice. The researchers believe that the new definition of RE is helpful to understand the comprehensive role of the practice and to fill the knowledge gap by convincing opponents about RE not as theft but as a driver to transfer knowledge and technology. The research also recommends how the bottlenecks on the legality issues can be resolved through the revision of IPRs from the context of developing countries (DCs). Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 221-243 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: reverse engineering; productivity; manufacturing firms; developing countries; technological capability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:221-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Babasile D. Oladele-Emmanuel Author-X-Name-First: Babasile D. Author-X-Name-Last: Oladele-Emmanuel Author-Name: Tobias Redlich Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Redlich Author-Name: Jens P. Wulfsberg Author-X-Name-First: Jens P. Author-X-Name-Last: Wulfsberg Title: Benchmarking the Nigerian private innovation incubators: analysis of the influence of firm age, firm size, and employee qualification on their innovation activities Abstract: There is no doubt that innovation is integral to the development and competitiveness of nations and firms. The significance of innovation is partly due to the influence of innovation incubators (IIs). IIs are significant interfacial firms that contribute to the transfer of technologies from inventors to the commercial sector. Existing literature on the contribution of IIs in Nigeria is focused on government-funded technology-based incubators, whereas no study has investigated the impact of privately owned IIs. Since this is a novel study in the Nigerian context, we employed a mixed methods research approach. Qualitative data were gathered from private IIs (PIIs), and cross-tabulation analysis was used to test the relationships between the variables. The study reveals that firm size influences the ability of PIIs to generate funds through self-funding and their ability to generate revenue from their innovation expenditure. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 244-271 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: innovation incubators; private incubators; innovation metrics; firm age; firm size; employee qualification; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:244-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aditi Nag Author-X-Name-First: Aditi Author-X-Name-Last: Nag Author-Name: Satyaki Sarkar Author-X-Name-First: Satyaki Author-X-Name-Last: Sarkar Title: Developing an integrated model for assessment of tourism, transportation and economy in small heritage sites Abstract: Heritage management, tourism, transportation, sustainability, economy and community participation are intricately associated. These factors tend to rely more on each other in small conservation-deprived heritage sites. The factors mentioned above, along with sustainability factors involving the economic, environmental, community, social, institutional and resources, are conventionally dependent on each other for upgrading heritage sites to deserving levels for tourism and making them competitive. The established tourism flow models studied in the literature review showed the application of various techniques like principle component analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, dynamic data regression analysis, and the likes. The paper is aimed to develop a universal methodology involving analytical hierarchical processing, gravity model approach, dynamic panel data regression, and econometric modelling and regression analysis. The deficiencies analysed from various literature helped to develop the final model by replacing all motor or vehicular factors with mobilisation and further reinforcing the same with freedom index of location choice. It evaluates the significance of transport infrastructure in ascertaining the tourism attractiveness of heritage sites. The model and the analysis techniques develop a positive outcome in sectors of tourism, transportation, and economic development in small heritage towns. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 272-296 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: tourism model; conservation; heritage management; transportation; economy; small heritage sites. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:272-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Foluso M. Adeyinka Author-X-Name-First: Foluso M. Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyinka Title: Determinants of technological learning by firms in the Nigerian garment industry Abstract: Firms acquire technological learning either formally or informally to enhance capabilities for better performance and competitiveness. This paper utilised secondary data from the 2014/2015 World Bank Enterprise Survey Database, complemented with a case study of a lead firm in the Nigerian garment industry to gain better understanding and present insights into technological learning mechanisms. Formal technological learning, in the form of research and development, is undertaken by few firms in the industry while majority undertake informal modes of technological learning. The logit results on determinants of technological learning by firms in the Nigerian garment industry showed training of employees, firms located in an industrial park, joint ownership of firms, and the level of education of top manager as significant factors. Technological learning by firms requires the commitment of the firms and support of relevant stakeholders including the government. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 297-314 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Keywords: firm-level; garment industry; Nigeria; research and development; R%D; technological learning. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:297-314