Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefano Clò Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Clò Author-Name: Massimo Florio Author-X-Name-First: Massimo Author-X-Name-Last: Florio Author-Name: Julie Pellegrin Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Pellegrin Author-Name: Emanuela Sirtori Author-X-Name-First: Emanuela Author-X-Name-Last: Sirtori Title: How do research intensive systems emerge in less developed areas? The case of mechatronics in the Italian southern region Apulia Abstract: Regional innovation systems (RISs) are increasingly emerging in less developed areas. Based on the case study of the mechatronic cluster in the Italian southern region, Apulia, this paper analyses how institutions have managed to promote the establishment of a RIS in disadvantaged areas. Through a longitudinal analysis over more than half a century, the Apulian case study shows that the creation of this RIS in less developed areas is the result of a dynamic process characterised by a multi-level governance, initially promoted by the central government through a top-down logic, and then integrated by action of local actors through a bottom-up approach. A key role is played by the regionalisation of innovation policies and by the strategic action of regional public institutions to promote the interaction among enterprises and universities. Our analysis highlights that several ingredients should simultaneously occur for a regional innovation policy to be effective. Any regional innovation strategy significantly lacking one of these core pre-conditions and ingredients is risky. Policy-makers should carefully study the opportunities and challenges arising from local contexts before embarking in ambitious place-based innovation strategies. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: regional innovation system; RIS; technological cluster; less developed area; mechatronics; Italy; regionalisation of innovation policy; case study. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:1-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osama Isaac Author-X-Name-First: Osama Author-X-Name-Last: Isaac Author-Name: Zaini Abdullah Author-X-Name-First: Zaini Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullah Author-Name: T. Ramayah Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Ramayah Author-Name: Ahmed M. Mutahar Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mutahar Title: Factors determining user satisfaction of internet usage among public sector employees in Yemen Abstract: Internet technology has become an essential technological tool for individuals, organisations, and nations driving growth and prosperity. However, there are countries such as Yemen which have very low internet usage rates and which see little economic, social and cultural progress as a result. Therefore, this study has developed an integrated conceptual model based the DeLone and McLean information systems success model (DMISM), the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and task-technology fit (TTF) to predict the user satisfaction of internet. A survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 530 employees in all 30 government ministry institutions in Yemen. An analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the variables of the proposed model, which includes initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) via AMOS. The results indicated that system quality, information quality, task quality, and social quality are the four key determinants of employee satisfaction related to internet usage. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed in this study. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 37-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: internet usage; user satisfaction; diffusion of innovation; DOI; Yemen. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:37-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Guimón Author-X-Name-First: José Author-X-Name-Last: Guimón Title: Decentralisation of science and innovation policies in emerging countries: three key challenges that deserve further attention Abstract: Previous research analysing the decentralisation of science and innovation policies has focused on the experiences of developed countries. The objective of this article is to explore the implications for emerging countries, which have decentralised innovation policies more recently than high-income countries, but face more acute shortages of critical mass and institutional capacities. Building on the notions of multilevel governance, policy mix and smart specialisation, the aim of this exploratory study is to discuss three key challenges associated with the decentralisation of innovation policies in emerging countries: 1) finding the right division of responsibilities between levels of government; 2) implementing national-regional coordination mechanisms; 3) using regional innovation policy to reduce cross-regional income gaps. These challenges are illustrated through several examples and short case studies from different emerging countries. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 69-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: decentralisation; innovation policy; multilevel governance; policy mix; smart specialisation; regional innovation systems. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:69-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolina Pasciaroni Author-X-Name-First: Carolina Author-X-Name-Last: Pasciaroni Author-Name: Silvia Gorenstein Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Gorenstein Author-Name: Andrea Barbero Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Barbero Title: Knowledge organisations in less innovative regions: what factors explain the emergence and development of their links with firms? A case study in Argentina Abstract: This paper explores the factors that condition the links between knowledge organisations and firms in a medium-sized city in Argentina. The study is motivated by two aspects related to innovation: 1) the conceptualisation of innovation as a local and urban phenomenon; 2) the growing importance of scientific knowledge generated in universities and science and technology (S%T) centres. This topic acquires special interest in Latin America based on the low innovative dynamism of firms, the high concentration of national R%D expenditure in public knowledge organisations and the weak link between such organisations and firms. Unlike other case studies, this paper adopts the theoretical approach of the regional innovation systems and employs a temporal perspective analysis. Among the main findings, the following factors condition the links at local level: 1) the influence of the national institutional context, in particular the active role of the national state; 2) the catalytic action of certain local agents; 3) the weak demand for knowledge. Based on the identification of these factors, it is expected that this paper may contribute to the formulation of policies that foster the links between knowledge organisation and firms in less innovative regions. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 88-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: knowledge organisations; science and technology; links with firms; city; regional innovation systems; RISs; Argentina; case study; national state; local agents; knowledge demand. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:88-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ully Yunita Nafizah Author-X-Name-First: Ully Yunita Author-X-Name-Last: Nafizah Author-Name: Adhya Rare Tiara Author-X-Name-First: Adhya Rare Author-X-Name-Last: Tiara Title: Value stream mapping in Indonesia's shoe industry: an alternative tool to map innovation ecosystem Abstract: It is believed that open innovation implementation could help SMEs to compete in the global market. To do so, the mapping of innovation ecosystem is needed as the precursor to any open innovation initiatives. Previous studies show that there is a similarity between the innovation process and the value chain. Interestingly, there have only been a few studies that try to explore the relationship between the innovation process and the value chain. This paper attempts to map an innovation ecosystem using the value chain analysis approach. This paper, explores the use of value stream mapping (VSM) as an alternative tool to comprehend the innovation ecosystem in the form of an industry cluster. Specifically, the paper tries to understand the nature of the innovation ecosystem of Cibaduyut shoe industry, which is an Indonesian industry cluster, by performing VSM. This knowledge, further, will be used for strategising individual open innovation initiatives and various policies. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 113-130 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: industry cluster; innovation ecosystem; value chain analysis; value stream mapping; VSM; Cibaduyut shoe industry; Indonesia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93159 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:113-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ritika Jain Author-X-Name-First: Ritika Author-X-Name-Last: Jain Title: Ownership effects on R%D spending in India: does external borrowing matter? Abstract: State owned enterprises (SOEs) act as economic units when they operate in industries alongside private firms. These enterprises have social objectives since they are owned by the government and economic objectives since they operate in industries. Research and development (R%D) is one of the strategies available to SOEs which is a public good. Thus, against the multidimensional redistributive objective function of the government, R%D acts as a bridge between social and economic objectives of SOEs. The current study focuses on this particular feature for Indian public and private firms. Specifically, R%D expenditure by public sector enterprises and private sector enterprises listed on the National Stock Exchange is compared for 2015. The study employs propensity score matching and regression methods and finds that listed public sector enterprises spend more than the listed private sector enterprises in India. The study also suggests that external borrowing acts as a stronger tool to increase R%D spending for private firms more than the state owned ones.. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 159-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: innovation; public ownership; propensity score matching; external borrowing; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93160 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:159-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicente German-Soto Author-X-Name-First: Vicente Author-X-Name-Last: German-Soto Author-Name: Joana Cecilia Chapa Cantú Author-X-Name-First: Joana Cecilia Chapa Author-X-Name-Last: Cantú Title: Structural change in the international patenting level: the TRIPs agreement's role Abstract: The time series methodology with structural change is implemented to analyse the presence of breaks in the patenting level - of both residents and non-residents - for a large set of countries and world regions from 1963 to 2011. The international agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), underwritten in 1994, seeks to reinforce the protection of intellectual property rights and so stimulate the patenting activity, mainly in developing countries. From the estimated breakpoints, we find that the TRIPs convention has effectively prompted innovation in both developed and developing countries. Several economies and some world regions report a positive level shift in patenting after the TRIPs agreement, suggesting that the international transfer of technology is increasing. Residents' series for North America and European Union members estimate breakpoints by 1994 and 1997, while non-residents' series of the European Union and South Asia select 1994 and 2003, respectively. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 131-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: patents; TRIPs; structural change; time series; property rights; innovation; developing countries; Latin America; world regions. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:131-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Cima Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Cima Author-Name: Pilar Pazos Author-X-Name-First: Pilar Author-X-Name-Last: Pazos Author-Name: Ana Maria Canto Author-X-Name-First: Ana Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Canto Title: Internal drivers of competitiveness for micro and small software development companies in South-Eastern Mexico Abstract: The software industry has been identified as a key driver of overall sustained business growth, competitiveness, and innovation in developing economies. This study generates a predictive model of performance for software development companies in Mexico by identifying internal factors that lead to increased competitiveness. Organisational competitiveness is examined using indicators of permanence, growth, and profitability from the perspective of top managers in the industry. Internal factors explored as predictors of competitiveness include quality management, technological infrastructure, innovation practices, human resource practices and marketing practices. A cross-sectional survey-based study was used to investigate the software industry in Mexico, and the data collected was analysed using multiple linear regression. Results suggest that quality assessment and innovation practices are significant predictors of competitiveness. The findings helped identify key factors that influence the performance of software companies, which are considered critical promoters of overall economic development. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 176-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: software development companies; competitiveness; economic development; internal factors; innovation; micro and small enterprises; MSEs; developing economies; Mexico; Latin America. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:176-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphael Kaplinsky Author-X-Name-First: Raphael Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplinsky Author-Name: Mike Morris Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Title: Standards, regulation and sustainable development in a global value chain driven world Abstract: Regulations and standards have become an increasingly important factor affecting the capacity of producers to participate in global markets. Directly and indirectly, they not only determine the terms of market-entry but also affect the extent to which different producers are able to position themselves in global value chains in a manner which provides for socially and environmentally sustainable income growth. Standards compliance can enhance producer capabilities and assist in meeting many of the SDG objectives. But it may also involve trade-offs between different SDG goals. Standards compliance is simultaneously inclusive (facilitating the participation of low and middle income countries producers in global production and spreading incomes more widely globally) and exclusive (barring small producers from market access and displacing unskilled labour from supply chains). What policy measures will best lead to the most positive outcomes as standards diffuse through global value chains? Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 322-346 Issue: 3/4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: global value chains; GVCs; regulations; standards; sustainable development goals; SDGs; upgrading. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93718 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:3/4:p:322-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Bernat Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Bernat Author-Name: Solmaz Filiz Karabag Author-X-Name-First: Solmaz Filiz Author-X-Name-Last: Karabag Title: Accumulating technological capabilities through R%D projects: studies on the Brazilian defence industry Abstract: Emerging economy firms (EEFs) have striven to accumulate technological capabilities and promote indigenous innovation for technology upgrading and catching-up. By assuming that R%D projects affect firm capabilities, this study investigated how EEFs can accumulate technological capabilities through R%D activities. A technological-capability framework was proposed with the dimensions of <i>organisational structure</i>, <i>innovation processes</i>, <i>practice, resources</i> and <i>entrepreneurial leadership</i>. The framework guided an exploratory case study of three R%D projects in the Brazilian defence industry: the thrust vector control (TVC), software-defined radio (SDR) and radar projects. The TVC project utilised existing firm capabilities, whereas the SDR and radar projects needed to develop their capabilities from scratch. Different paths were adopted to accumulate technological capabilities and deliver the projects' outcomes. It was found that a balance between the dimensions may positively impact the rate at which technology capabilities are accumulated. Theoretical contributions and practical implications for EEFs are also discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 203-230 Issue: 3/4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: emerging economy firms; EEFs; Brazilian defence industry; catching-up; organisational capability; technological capability; capability accumulation; capability dimensions; indigenous innovation; R%D projects; thrust vector control; TVC; software-defined radio; SDR; radar. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:3/4:p:203-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenda Kruss Author-X-Name-First: Glenda Author-X-Name-Last: Kruss Title: Towards an agenda for measuring innovation in emerging African economies: what can we learn from the case of South Africa? Abstract: Scholars have warned of the risks for designing relevant and effective policy instruments in emerging economies, based on indicators that do not measure the full complexity of innovation and technological upgrading in heterogenous contexts. There is growing consensus around the need to better align what is measured, with what should be measured. The paper reflects conceptually, using the case of South Africa, a middle-income country to propose a high-level framework, as a contribution to inform the adaptation of existing, and the creation of new complementary measures in low- and middle-income African contexts. Such a measurement approach should be based on broader models of innovation that emphasise the systemic and dynamic nature of innovation; that are oriented not only to firms and the formal sector, but also to other economic and social actors in informal settings; that encompass multiple dimensions of technology upgrading; and that focus on technological capability building, particularly at the local level. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 347-365 Issue: 3/4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: innovation measurement; Africa; emerging economies; technological capabilities; STI strategy for Africa; South Africa. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93722 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:3/4:p:347-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmood H. Shubbak Author-X-Name-First: Mahmood H. Author-X-Name-Last: Shubbak Title: Innovation capability, network embeddedness and economic performance: profiling solar power innovators in China Abstract: This paper discusses the technological upgrading of China in photovoltaics technology. It explores the patterns of innovation and network embeddedness and their impact on economic performance at the firm level. Identifying the main innovators over 1995-2014 with patent and market share indicators, the landscape of their activities is inspected through two hierarchical cluster analyses in parallel: first, against the quantity, quality and diversity of patents, and second, against global-integration, component-size and position in technological knowledge networks. The resulting clusters are cross-related to understand their interrelations with age, size, turnover and productivity of actors. The multivariate analysis of variance shows a significant relationship between innovation-network concurrency and the age, turnover and productivity. Global-integration in small-world networks is significantly related with economic performance. Quality of innovation shows higher importance than quantity and diversity. While specialisation in high-tech fields has positive impact on turnover, production-oriented firms with low-tech focus have higher productivity. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 258-294 Issue: 3/4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: solar photovoltaics; China; patent profiles; network embeddedness patterns; innovation system; cluster analysis; concurrency matrix; economic performance; productivity; technological upgrading; MANOVA; emerging economy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93723 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:3/4:p:258-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martín Obaya Author-X-Name-First: Martín Author-X-Name-Last: Obaya Author-Name: Paul Kalfadellis Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Kalfadellis Author-Name: Natalie Doyle Author-X-Name-First: Natalie Author-X-Name-Last: Doyle Title: MNC technological upgrading in emerging regional areas: a case study on automotive subsidiaries in MERCOSUR Abstract: Technological upgrading dynamics in subsidiaries operating in emerging regions remain an under researched topic. This study aims to examine the role of headquarters and subsidiaries in the upgrading process of subsidiaries in regional agreements among emerging countries. It also examines how the multi-level normative frame regulating such agreements affects the accumulation of technological capabilities. A single case study has been designed to examine the process of upgrading of automotive subsidiaries operating in MERCOSUR, covering the period 1991 and 2012. Among the main findings, the study concludes that the decision to promote technological upgrading in subsidiaries in emerging regions remains at the level of headquarters during the early stages of the learning process. Only when subsidiaries go beyond a capability threshold, they are able to gain autonomy to make autonomous learning initiatives. Furthermore, it was found that the functionally-integrated network organised by the headquarters within the MERCOSUR region adopted a highly hierarchical structure lead by the Brazilian unit, which truncated the learning process of the Argentinean subsidiary. The intra-firm hierarchies were accentuated by the characteristics of the MERCOSUR normative framework that did not included provisions to counterbalance growing asymmetries within the region. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 295-321 Issue: 3/4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: multinational companies; subsidiaries; technological capabilities; MERCOSUR; innovation; technological learning; subsidiary development. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:3/4:p:295-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans-Christian Busch Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Busch Author-Name: Tobias Dauth Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Dauth Author-Name: Luise Fischer Author-X-Name-First: Luise Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer Author-Name: Marcelo Souza Author-X-Name-First: Marcelo Author-X-Name-Last: Souza Title: Frugal innovation approaches to sustainable domestic energy: two cases of solar water heating from Brazil Abstract: This paper aims to shed light on sustainability oriented frugal innovation. We explore how frugal approaches to innovation can be used as affordable and environmentally sustainable alternatives to established water heater systems. Using a descriptive case study approach, two examples of frugal innovators in Brazil are being depicted. We develop a better understanding how frugal approaches to solving similar environmental problems vary between different organisational forms. Moreover, we investigate in which situations a frugal approach to sustainable innovation appears to be suitable. Our findings indicate that distinct approaches to frugal innovation can be pursued developing environmentally sustainable and affordable technology. Comparing a grassroots non-profit organisation to a for-profit corporation, we identify different degrees of relational importance of frugality in environmental sustainability. We show that frugal approaches represent viable alternatives in achieving circular products and that these approaches can contribute to a socially inclusive form of environmentally friendly domestic energy use. Journal: Int. J. of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development Pages: 231-257 Issue: 3/4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Keywords: frugal innovation; sustainable water heating; grassroots innovation; circular economy; bricolage; emerging economies; Brazil. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijtlid:v:10:y:2018:i:3/4:p:231-257