Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soumaya Maztoul Author-X-Name-First: Soumaya Author-X-Name-Last: Maztoul Author-Name: Rim Oueglissi Author-X-Name-First: Rim Author-X-Name-Last: Oueglissi Title: Climate risk, sustainability, and financial performance: insights from the OECD banking sector Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between banks' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and their financial profitability in the context of climate risks. Using a dataset of 146 OECD banks over the period 2009-2019, we explore whether good ESG performance acts as a buffer against climate risks, thereby enhancing profitability. Our feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) estimates reveal that while climate risks adversely affect bank performance, higher ESG scores significantly buffer this negative effect. Notably, environmental and social factors are particularly crucial in reducing climate risk's negative impact. These findings, robust across various empirical specifications, provide crucial insights for policymakers and bank executives, highlighting the importance of integrating ESG criteria into banks' risk management strategies to bolster resilience against climate-induced financial disruptions. Furthermore, it contributes to the growing literature on sustainable finance and climate risk management. Journal: Int. J. of Sustainable Economy Pages: 19-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2026 Keywords: climate risk; sustainability; bank performance; environmental, social, and governance; ESG; feasible generalised least squares; FGLS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=151080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:19-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atthaphon Mumi Author-X-Name-First: Atthaphon Author-X-Name-Last: Mumi Author-Name: Sujinda Popaitoon Author-X-Name-First: Sujinda Author-X-Name-Last: Popaitoon Author-Name: Tudsuda Imsuwan Author-X-Name-First: Tudsuda Author-X-Name-Last: Imsuwan Author-Name: Pajaree Ackaradejruangsri Author-X-Name-First: Pajaree Author-X-Name-Last: Ackaradejruangsri Author-Name: Sirirat Rattanapituk Author-X-Name-First: Sirirat Author-X-Name-Last: Rattanapituk Author-Name: Pijak Pakhunwanich Author-X-Name-First: Pijak Author-X-Name-Last: Pakhunwanich Title: Exploring the entrepreneurial outreach and financial performance of microfinance institutions as hybrid organisations Abstract: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are established to offer financial services to individuals who lack access to formal loans. Previous research has discussed the hybrid nature of MFIs, which emphasises both financial performance and social impact. However, limited studies have specifically focused on the dual objectives of MFIs concerning entrepreneurial outreach. In this study, we analysed data from 1,182 MFIs of 122 countries spanning almost 20 years to provide empirical evidence supporting the role of hybrid entities in promoting entrepreneurial outreach and financial performance. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) outreach and financial performance, indicating that MFIs that actively engage with SMEs achieve better financial outcomes. Conversely, we observe a negative impact of micro-entrepreneur outreach on financial performance. The implications of our research contribute to understanding the role of MFIs in fostering entrepreneurship and highlight the challenges associated with achieving both financial and social objectives. Journal: Int. J. of Sustainable Economy Pages: 1-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2026 Keywords: microfinance institutions; entrepreneurial outreach; social performance; financial performance; SMEs; micro-entrepreneurs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=151081 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Süleyman Toraşan Author-X-Name-First: Süleyman Author-X-Name-Last: Toraşan Author-Name: Hüseyin Öcal Author-X-Name-First: Hüseyin Author-X-Name-Last: Öcal Author-Name: Anton Abdulbasah Kamil Author-X-Name-First: Anton Abdulbasah Author-X-Name-Last: Kamil Title: The impact of common financial ratios on market value ratios with the moderation of ESG pillar scores: an empirical analysis of emerging market corporations Abstract: This study aims to provide empirical insights into how current (CR), asset turnover (AT), total debt to total asset (TD/TA), and return on equity (ROE) ratios for companies impact price-to-earnings (P/E), price-to-book (P/B), and dividend payout ratios (DIV). ESG pillar scores are used as moderators. The fiscal year-end data of 31 non-financial companies from 11 MSCI emerging markets index EMEA countries used between December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2022, have been obtained from the Bloomberg database. The moderated panel data regression model is employed in the analysis. We have observed that the ESG pillar scores moderate the relationship between CR, ROE, TD/TA ratios, and market value ratios for corporations. We recommend that portfolio managers follow ESG pillar score improvements closely to predict the market value ratios of corporations in emerging markets. Journal: Int. J. of Sustainable Economy Pages: 40-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2026 Keywords: ESG; financial ratios; price-to-earning ratio; P/E; price-to-book ratio; P/B; dividend payout ratio; DIV; portfolio investment; EMEA region. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=151085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:40-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gupteswar Patel Author-X-Name-First: Gupteswar Author-X-Name-Last: Patel Author-Name: Rajashree Samal Author-X-Name-First: Rajashree Author-X-Name-Last: Samal Title: Does economic inequality have a mitigating effect on carbon inequality? The role of economic development in emerging market economies Abstract: The study investigates the relationship between economic inequality and carbon inequality within emerging economies. The augmented mean group (AMG) approach has been employed to analyse how variations in income distribution contribute to disparities in carbon emissions in 22 emerging economies from 1990 to 2019. Further the study has focused on the impacts of economic growth, urbanisation, and natural resources rent. The findings show that economic inequality worsens carbon disparity, revealing the complex relationship between economic and environmental issues. Further results show that economic expansion, urbanisation, and natural resource rent increase carbon disparity. The feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) estimate approach confirms these findings' robustness. Our research emphasises the importance of addressing income inequality to promote equitable and sustainable development. Journal: Int. J. of Sustainable Economy Pages: 57-77 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2026 Keywords: carbon inequality; economic inequality; economic development; emerging economies; panel data. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=151095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:57-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vo Thi Hoang Vi Author-X-Name-First: Vo Thi Hoang Author-X-Name-Last: Vi Author-Name: Nguyen Thanh Nha Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Thanh Author-X-Name-Last: Nha Author-Name: Bui Thi Thu Thao Author-X-Name-First: Bui Thi Thu Author-X-Name-Last: Thao Author-Name: Tran Thi Kim Oanh Author-X-Name-First: Tran Thi Kim Author-X-Name-Last: Oanh Title: Impact of fiscal expenditures on education and research and development on sustainable development in ASEAN countries and lessons for Vietnam Abstract: Sustainable development is an urgent need and an inevitable trend for countries worldwide. Current studies have overlooked the debate on whether government intervention limits or promotes sustainability. This study examines the impact of fiscal expenditure, particularly on education and research and development (R%D), on the sustainable development of eight ASEAN countries from 2004 to 2022. Using Bayesian regression, results show that spending on education and R%D positively impacts sustainable development, with probabilities of 100% and 63.55%, respectively. These findings indicate that fiscal expenditure significantly enhances sustainable development in the ASEAN region, aligning with the context in Vietnam. However, while sustainable development in Vietnam benefits from annual economic growth (GDP) and population growth (POP), these factors have negative impacts on the ASEAN countries. Based on these findings, the authors propose policy implications for the entire ASEAN region and, specifically, for Vietnam. Journal: Int. J. of Sustainable Economy Pages: 78-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2026 Keywords: sustainable development; education expenditure; R%D expenditure; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=151106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:78-100