Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abubakar Eby Hara Author-X-Name-First: Abubakar Eby Author-X-Name-Last: Hara Author-Name: Agus Trihartono Author-X-Name-First: Agus Author-X-Name-Last: Trihartono Author-Name: Himawan Bayu Patriadi Author-X-Name-First: Himawan Bayu Author-X-Name-Last: Patriadi Title: The role of government in post-legislative scrutiny: case study of revision to the Indonesian Fisheries Law Abstract: This paper discusses the post-legislative scrutiny (PLS) of Indonesia's Fisheries Law. This law was issued in 2009 but was not implemented until 2014, when Joko Widodo was elected president. In the context of PLS, the role of the legislature is essential to enforce a system of checks and balances in a democratic government. But in the case discussed, it is the executive who was active in the implementation and supervision of this law. Why such things happen is the main question of this paper. We argue that in the case of Indonesia, PLS depends on whether the law has a significant political magnetism. Unlike the system in established democracies where the PLS mechanism is crucial and efficient, in the case of Indonesia, PLS is primarily determined by the political will of the government. In other words, PLS cannot be applied directly in contexts different from its origin but must look at the political context that developed at one time. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 77-87 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: post-legislative scrutiny; PLS; Indonesia; Joko Widodo; Indonesia Fisheries Law; democracy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:77-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Legrand Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Legrand Title: The malign system in policy studies: strategies of structural and agential political exclusion Abstract: The disciplinary development of policy studies has long been shaped by scholars working within liberal democratic traditions. In consequence, a long-held assumption that policy-making is, prima facie, motivated exclusively by the pursuit of the public interest has gone unchallenged, even while intersecting critical traditions - particularly in political science - have opened up research agendas on institutional and agential harms. This article critiques the latent assumptions of benevolence in policy studies. The article employs political exclusion as a methodological means to surface deviations from liberal democracy's precepts of legitimacy. It applies this approach to analysing malignity in policymaking to the case of asylum seeker policy in Australia. In doing so, the article posits a conceptual binary of malignity in policy studies with respect to: 1) structural exclusion from participation in policy and politics; 2) agential exclusion from the sphere of political participation. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 88-105 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: political exclusion; malign policy; proscription; asylum seekers; policy studies; blacklisting; structure agency; hidden agendas. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124770 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:88-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manoranjan Sahoo Author-X-Name-First: Manoranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo Author-Name: M. Suresh Babu Author-X-Name-First: M. Suresh Author-X-Name-Last: Babu Author-Name: Umakant Dash Author-X-Name-First: Umakant Author-X-Name-Last: Dash Title: Dynamic relationship between fiscal deficit and current account deficit in India: multivariate cointegration and causality analysis Abstract: This study examines the dynamic relationship between fiscal balance and current account balance and also tests the 'twin deficit' hypotheses for India using quarterly data from 1996q1 to 2016q1. Empirical results support the existence of the twin deficit hypothesis and also suggest a reverse causality running from the current account balance to fiscal balance. These results have important policy implications for maintaining a lower current account deficit and fiscal deficit for India in the long run. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 106-125 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: fiscal deficits; current account deficits; CADs; Granger causality test; twin deficit hypothesis; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:106-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolina Milhorance Author-X-Name-First: Carolina Author-X-Name-Last: Milhorance Author-Name: Marcel Bursztyn Author-X-Name-First: Marcel Author-X-Name-Last: Bursztyn Author-Name: Eric Sabourin Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Sabourin Title: Analysing complex policy problems: a critical review of the literature Abstract: The governance of complex policy issues such as food security, climate change, global health, and migration often calls for integrative approaches, as progressing in one goal may result in either synergies or tradeoffs in others. A large body of literature has addressed concerns regarding the multiple combinations of policy instruments, cross-sectoral interfaces and conflicts, governance involving a growing number of stakeholders, governance levels, and policy goals. This study presents a cross-cutting literature review of the different concepts developed to address these challenges, along with their origins, thematic focus, theoretical approaches, and recent developments, aiming to identify their points of contact and to critically analyse their strengths and research gaps. The results are expected to support the academic debate and provide a heuristic outline for research while calling for further theorisation and the development of assessment methods and case studies beyond the traditional geographic focus. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 126-150 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: policy integration; policy mix; nexus approach; cross-sectoral governance; multilevel governance; literature review. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:126-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olivia Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Olivia Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: Climate risk perceptions and policy ambition Abstract: This article investigates the factors which influence national climate change policy ambition, as they are reflected in states' commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in United National Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations. The paper specifically investigates the relationship between policy ambition and public perceptions of the threat posed by climate change employing a 140-country nationally representative dataset of risk perceptions conducted in 2019. The analysis shows that while public opinion does correlate overall with policy ambition across countries, in a sizable minority of countries, public threat perceptions are high while policy ambition is low. In these countries, climate change policy is found to be malign in two senses: first, those policies are not consistent with achieving the global public good of climate change control; and second, in the sense that policies are not aligned with the level of concern of citizens about this issue. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 151-173 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: climate policy; risk perceptions; policy-making; malign policy; LRF World Risk Poll. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124777 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:151-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuriy K. Zaytsev Author-X-Name-First: Yuriy K. Author-X-Name-Last: Zaytsev Author-Name: Anna N. Loshchenkova Author-X-Name-First: Anna N. Author-X-Name-Last: Loshchenkova Title: Currency exchange rate as a business climate factor for foreign investors in the Russian Federation Abstract: The economic crisis in Russia between 2014 and 2017 revealed several patterns associated with changes in the exchange rate of the Russian currency and the dynamics of incoming foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on macroeconomic modelling, the authors assess the impact of the exchange rate on FDI flows into different countries as well as into Russia at the regional and sectoral levels. They conclude that strengthening the ruble's real exchange rate increases the potential of the domestic market of region and industries within Russia, and of the country as a whole, and leads to an influx of FDI into the Russian economy. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research program. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 174-186 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: foreign direct investment; FDI; exchange rate; Russian ruble; horizontal investments; vertical investments; business climate; economic sanctions; Russia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:174-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elin Wihlborg Author-X-Name-First: Elin Author-X-Name-Last: Wihlborg Author-Name: Mattias Örnerheim Author-X-Name-First: Mattias Author-X-Name-Last: Örnerheim Author-Name: Carl-Johan Sommar Author-X-Name-First: Carl-Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Sommar Title: Regional strategies for sustainable healthcare - the winding path of UN SDGs into Swedish regional healthcare systems Abstract: Sustainable development has been defined by 17 UN goals, with the third goal (SDG3) focusing on a universal healthcare system that ensures healthy lives and wellbeing. To implement these ambitions, the goal needs to fit a regional setting before it can achieve and support healthy lives and wellbeing amongst the population. This article analyses how four Swedish regions incorporate SDG target 3.4 on non-communicable diseases and mental health into their respective healthcare organisations. The comparative analysis applies the lens of normative institutional theory to policy documents and interviews. All the regions recognise SDG3.4 by acknowledging the need for health promotion. The results show a general absence of similarities in organisational practices and policy outcomes, which is explained by region-specific factors and a lack of governmental coordination. The analysis shows that local policy core values and the related logic of appropriateness predict local outcomes of implementation of general global policies. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 187-203 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: normative institutionalism; UN Sustainable Development Goals; sustainable healthcare; regional healthcare; implementation; mental health; non-communicable diseases; health promotion. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:187-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adedeji Adeniran Author-X-Name-First: Adedeji Author-X-Name-Last: Adeniran Author-Name: Oluyele Akinkugbe Author-X-Name-First: Oluyele Author-X-Name-Last: Akinkugbe Title: An investigation of the delayed stabilisation hypothesis with experimental data Abstract: This paper empirically tests a version of the delayed stabilisation hypothesis, using experimental data. The hypothesis suggests the possibility of a stabilisation threshold at which a deficit bias due to common pool problem - government fragmentation is eliminated. Formulated along the line of a dynamic common pool problem earlier used in the natural resource environment literature, we extend the experimental design to a fiscal setting by including key features of the legislative bargaining game of 'divide-the-dollar'. The extent of government fragmentation is captured in the formulation by varying the size of interest groups across treatments. Our results do not support the prediction of delayed stabilisation. Moreover, deficit level tends to be highest in the period after post-stabilisation threshold predicted by the hypothesis. This finding suggests that adopting an active stabilisation policy is a more potent tool for policymakers, as against relying on budget actors to act endogenously to correct a deficit bias. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 204-226 Issue: 2/3/4 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: fiscal stabilisation; delayed stabilisation hypothesis; dynamic common pool model; experimental design; panel threshold regression. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124784 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:2/3/4:p:204-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Bächtold Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Bächtold Title: The smartphone and the coup: how Myanmar's conflicts are entangled with digital technologies, policies and violence Abstract: In February 2021, a coup by the Myanmar military ended a ten-year democratisation process. After a rapid digitalisation of Myanmar's political struggles, the military blacked out the country's internet access. Drawing on the sensitivities of science and technology studies for the intersection of digital technology with societal power structures, this paper examines digital policies and practices of the protest movement, the Myanmar military and Facebook. This analysis reveals uncanny similarities: through their opaqueness, the latter actors' policies create uncertainty on what is allowed and what is not, limit means of recourse, and perform authority over the population by directly reaching into people's everyday lives. This article thus de-centres established narratives on Myanmar's political environment in the aftermath of the coup, but also points out the highly ambiguous agency that digital technologies develop in assemblages of political conflict, the (global) discourse on terrorism and government. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 293-310 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: Myanmar; armed conflict; democratisation; digital technology; social media; Facebook; assemblage; science and technology studies; STS; critical policy studies; malign policies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127428 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:293-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabinne Lee Author-X-Name-First: Sabinne Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: M. Jae Moon Author-X-Name-First: M. Jae Author-X-Name-Last: Moon Title: Managing policy risks using big data analytics in the pandemic era: VUCA and wicked policy problems Abstract: This study aims to introduce the potential of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) as a framework to explain the characteristics of current wicked policy risks. We also analyse how big data informatics help us to overcome volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous wicked policy risks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, presenting a VUCA framework, this study illustrates how policy risks disturb policy results based on selected cases. Additionally, we argue that big data analytics has become an increasingly significant and feasible instrument for managing policy risks. We discuss potential challenges concerning skepticism about continued politics in policy decisions and implementation processes, and limitations of informatics and the nature of big data, which is often possibly biased and incomplete. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 362-378 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: policy risk; VUCA; wicked problems; pandemic; big data; informatics. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:362-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeannette Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Jeannette Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Author-Name: Joshua McDonnell Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: McDonnell Author-Name: Hang Duong Author-X-Name-First: Hang Author-X-Name-Last: Duong Title: Bureaucratic gaming: causes and consequences for policy-making Abstract: Performance management (PM) systems are now widely used by governments to hold public organisations to account for the delivery of public policies. Yet, numerous empirical studies have reported that these systems have encouraged bureaucrats to manipulate their behaviour and engage in gaming of performance measures and targets. This article on bureaucratic gaming of performance measures and targets addresses three questions. First, what is bureaucratic gaming? Second, what are the primary causes of bureaucratic gaming? Third, what are the main consequences of bureaucratic gaming for policy-making? A review of empirical studies on bureaucratic gaming points to issues relating to policy performance, the well-being of policy-takers, and policy actors' trust in PM. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 253-269 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: performance; performance management; performance measurement; performance monitoring; evaluation; gaming; efficiency; effectiveness; quality; equity; risk-taking; trust. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127430 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:253-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Howlett Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Howlett Author-Name: Ching Leong Author-X-Name-First: Ching Author-X-Name-Last: Leong Title: Policy volatility and the propensity of policies to fail: dealing with uncertainty, maliciousness and compliance in public policy-making Abstract: Most policy research to date has underemphasised the difficulties encountered in developing and putting policies into practice. Some of these problems are inherent to policy-making in contexts that are highly uncertain, while others arise when policy-makers act maliciously or policy-takers fail to comply with government wishes. These risks of uncertainty, maliciousness and non-compliance contribute to policy volatility (the risk of failure). The article stresses the need for improved risk management and mitigation strategies in policy formulation and policy designs if volatility is to be minimised. It sets out these three 'inherent vices' of policy-making and develops an approach borrowed from product failure management in manufacturing and portfolio management in finance to help better assess and manage policy risk. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 236-252 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: policy risk; policy volatility; uncertainty; maliciousness; compliance; non-compliance; risk management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:236-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Graycar Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Graycar Author-Name: Adam B. Masters Author-X-Name-First: Adam B. Author-X-Name-Last: Masters Title: Bureaucratic bastardry: robodebt/debt recovery, AI and the stigmatisation of citizens by machines and systems Abstract: Automation in public administration is inevitable and can bring great benefits. Seventy years ago, Isaac Asimov foresaw the need to protect humans from their creations in his novel <i>I</i>, <i>Robot</i>, drafting three laws to ensure robots: 1) did not injure a person, or allow them to be harmed; 2) obeyed orders, that did not conflict with the first law; 3) protected their own existence without compromising the first or second laws. The first two laws can apply to the automated systems created by government to administer public service. This paper examines the failed policy to automate welfare debt collection in Australia. Despite repeated warnings the malign policy caused considerable harm to clients and resulted in a billion-dollar settlement against the government. Using a framework centred on the concepts of organisational evil and bureaucratic animosity, we suggest that such complex undertakings could benefit from reference to Asimov's laws. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 333-344 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: malign policy; robodebt; public values; administrative evil; bureaucratic bastardry. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:333-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Nduhura Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Nduhura Author-Name: Muhiya Tshombe Lukamba Author-X-Name-First: Muhiya Tshombe Author-X-Name-Last: Lukamba Author-Name: Thekiso Molokwane Author-X-Name-First: Thekiso Author-X-Name-Last: Molokwane Author-Name: Innocent Nuwagaba Author-X-Name-First: Innocent Author-X-Name-Last: Nuwagaba Title: Non-compete provision: implications for stakeholders of public private partnerships in the energy sector of a developing country Abstract: Public sector reforms have ushered in public private partnerships (PPPs) as part reforms for transformative governments. To reform public services through PPPs, private partners are attracted to co-production and delivery of services by government incentive frameworks such as non-compete clauses. Since PPP concessions are usually opaque, we searched online for any secondary data on non-compete provisions in PPP agreements. Based on secondary data review, this study reveals that a range of government guarantees are designed, agreed upon and included in concession agreements but remain vulnerable to abuse during implementation by government and its state departments. The breach exposes the government to serious consequences albeit the changes in laws that governments may initiate to salvage the effects of non-compete clauses. The outcome of the study is important since it underscores the need for a win-win flexible approach when managing non-compete clauses in the industry of PPPs. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 311-332 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: public private partnerships; PPPs; energy; government guarantees; non-compete provision; change in law clause. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:311-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Howlett Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Howlett Author-Name: Ching Leong Author-X-Name-First: Ching Author-X-Name-Last: Leong Author-Name: Sonam Sahu Author-X-Name-First: Sonam Author-X-Name-Last: Sahu Title: Trends in the management of policy volatility: managing internal policy risk in three OECD countries Abstract: Most studies of risk management examine only exogenous risks - that is, those external to the policy-making process such as the impact of climate change, extreme weather events, natural disasters or financial calamities. But there is also a large second area of concern - 'internal risks' or those linked to adverse or malicious behaviour on the part of policymakers. This behaviour to deceive or 'game' the intentions and expectations of government is a part of the policy world which also requires risk management. The paper reviews three archetypal cases of efforts to manage this side of policy risk in the UK, the USA and Australia and draws lessons from them about how this 'dark side' of policy-making can be managed. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 345-361 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: policy risk; risk management; public policy; policy volatility; internal risk. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:345-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dieter Plehwe Author-X-Name-First: Dieter Author-X-Name-Last: Plehwe Author-Name: Kardelen Günaydin Author-X-Name-First: Kardelen Author-X-Name-Last: Günaydin Title: Whither Energiewende? Strategies to manufacture uncertainty and unknowing to redirect Germany's renewable energy law Abstract: Germany's Renewable Energy Act of 2000 has been subject to several reforms. Feed-in tariffs for renewables originally provided a stable environment for investment. The strongly increasing market share of renewables threatened incumbent electricity producers and led to legal and regulatory challenges. The mandated feed-in tariff eventually has been replaced by auctioning in 2014, breaking the momentum of decentralised electricity production from renewable sources. The public opposition to the EEG has been driven by diverse groups, most notably by academic, corporate and partisan think tanks. Most of the groups opposing Energiewende officially acknowledge global warming and proclaim the need of mitigation. Nevertheless, they are highly active in attempting to undermine what has been a highly successful strategy of renewable energy conversion and decentralisation. While previous research has focused on the relevance of 'strategic ignorance' in the prevention of policies (e.g., climate denial), the Energiewende case in Germany stresses the importance of strategies of 'unknowing' (McGoey 2019) carried out in efforts undertaken to undermine and transform successful policy solutions. Journal: Int. J. of Public Policy Pages: 270-292 Issue: 5/6 Volume: 16 Year: 2022 Keywords: energy transition; renewables; climate change; lobby; think tank; uncertainty; ignorance; Germany. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijpubp:v:16:y:2022:i:5/6:p:270-292