Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walter Vesperi Author-X-Name-First: Walter Author-X-Name-Last: Vesperi Author-Name: Davide Di Fatta Author-X-Name-First: Davide Di Author-X-Name-Last: Fatta Author-Name: Camilo Andrés Toledo Parra Author-X-Name-First: Camilo Andrés Toledo Author-X-Name-Last: Parra Title: Providing a general framework about spin-off success factors in complex environments Abstract: Spin-off organisations are the main vehicle for knowledge transfer from universities and/or high educational institutions (HEIs) to the economic system. Spin-off firms are complex phenomenon which requires particular conditions to its creation, survival and development. In the last decade, the scientific debate recognised the importance and the role of spin-off organisations, but the main factors and actors that impact on their creation, survival and development are not always clear. This paper aims to fill this gap, shedding light on this black box. In a first step, this research will identify the main 'success factors' for creation of spin-offs. In the second step, the relationship between these variables and the spinoff will be theorised. The originality of this investigation lies in offering a systemic framework about main factors of the spin-off in complex environment, providing not only a theoretical contribution but also useful practical implications such as: highlighting the characteristics of the spin-off system, to formulate new policies for the growth of these organisations; to provide concrete information for the development of a research-innovation-enterprise system. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 93-110 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: spin-offs; universities; complex environment; success factors; systems. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:93-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Polese Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Polese Author-Name: Luca Carrubbo Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Carrubbo Author-Name: Roberto Bruni Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Bruni Author-Name: Francesco Caputo Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Caputo Title: Enabling actors' viable behaviour: reflections upon the link between viability and complexity within smart service system Abstract: Over time an increasing attention has been paid to the concept of complexity but a clear definition of their implication and useful guidelines to manage its dynamics seem to be still missing in managerial studies. With the aim to bridge this gap, the paper aims to link the conceptual framework provided by the systems thinking (ST) and service science (SS). The attention is focused on the role of viability in supporting a better understanding and managing of internal and external complexity with specific reference to the domain of smart service systems (SSS). Building upon a multi-disciplinary conceptual framework, the paper traces some reflections to address decision makers' strategies and behaviours in managing SSS with the aim to increase opportunity for survival through a better understanding of logics and dynamics of complexity. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 111-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: systems thinking; service science; smart service systems; viability; complexity; smart service system; viable behaviour. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:111-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fahri Karakaya Author-X-Name-First: Fahri Author-X-Name-Last: Karakaya Author-Name: Satyanarayana Parayitam Author-X-Name-First: Satyanarayana Author-X-Name-Last: Parayitam Title: Market entry barriers and firm performance: higher-order quadratic interaction effects of capital requirements and firm competence Abstract: Barriers to entry prevent new market entrants from entering markets while protecting incumbent firms. Previous researches indicate that there is relationship between barriers and firm performance. Most of the previous studies are broad and explain barriers and firm performance relationship in generic terms. This research examines the interrelationships of barriers to market entry, capital requirements, business environment, competitive advantage of incumbent firms, and firm competence on firm performance. Interaction effects among barriers to entry on firm performance have not been studied before. The study utilises the 'resource based view' as a theoretical framework in support of hypotheses. The study supports the higher-order quadratic interaction effects of: 1) a strong positive effect of competitive advantage and capital requirements on firm performance; 2) a moderate negative effect of business environment and capital requirements on firm performance. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 121-140 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: barriers to entry; market entry; capital requirements; firm competence; competitive advantage; business environment; incumbent firm advantage. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:121-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefano Armenia Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Armenia Author-Name: Alessandro Pompei Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Pompei Author-Name: Vittorio Pupillo Author-X-Name-First: Vittorio Author-X-Name-Last: Pupillo Author-Name: Fabio Nonino Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Author-X-Name-Last: Nonino Title: Marketing competition on a new product introduction - a structural analysis using systems thinking Abstract: Launching a new product on the market is a strategic activity that needs specific investments and a specific organisation. There are multiple factors that determine the success of a new product on the market but their direct effects are not often very well observable (marketing for example). With this study, we analysed the systemic structure underlying the dynamics related to the introduction of a new product on the market. In particular, we built a qualitative model based on the systems thinking methodology of causal-loop diagrams (CLDs), starting from the main structure and assumptions of the well-known Bass model. The model provides a systemic perspective on the interdependencies among various aspects that interact in important organisational areas. The presented causal-loop diagram tries to describe the systems structure which is intrinsic to the introduction and diffusion of a new product on the market, and how ultimately the related dynamics could be managed. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 141-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: marketing competition; systems thinking; marketing strategy; word-of-mouth; new product diffusion; customer satisfaction. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:141-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Davide Di Fatta Author-X-Name-First: Davide Di Author-X-Name-Last: Fatta Author-Name: Vasja Roblek Author-X-Name-First: Vasja Author-X-Name-Last: Roblek Author-Name: Gandolfo Dominici Author-X-Name-First: Gandolfo Author-X-Name-Last: Dominici Title: Knowledge management in cyberphysical systems: determining the quality requirements for health systems with the Kano model Abstract: This paper focuses on knowledge management in cyberphysical systems (CPS), dealing with the importance and influence of smart technologies for the creation of the smart health systems as a part of the smart home. This approach considers the reorganisation and adaptation of medicine and health systems, building the research framework upon knowledge management 4.0 for health systems. Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction was researched using the qualitative methodology of the Kano model. The questionnaire deals with five factors that play a crucial role in the decision to purchase such a system: 1) software reliability; 2) medical device interoperability; 3) security and privacy; 4) system feedback; 5) architecture. The results show that attractive requirements, such as architecture and medical device interoperability, have high values for customer satisfaction and low scores for customer dissatisfaction. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 163-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: knowledge management; health systems; cyberphysical systems; CPS; Kano model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90514 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:163-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ineza Gagnidze Author-X-Name-First: Ineza Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnidze Title: From clusters to entrepreneurial universities and vice versa: ways of developing the local economy: a systemic approach Abstract: This paper describes means of developing the local economy. There are 3,000 strong clusters across Europe and the model of the entrepreneurial university is the most successful to date. At different times since 1990, clusters and entrepreneurial universities have become more popular as tools for developing the local economy. As a result, their research continues in separate and independent directions. Attempts to discuss these two tools together are uncommon in the academic literature. In this paper, we will discuss the systemic links between the mutual influence of clusters and entrepreneurial universities. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 181-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: education; entrepreneurial university; academic capitalism; technology-based university; knowledge triangle; triple helix; local economy development; cluster; business systems; system. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90515 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:181-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imad Jabbouri Author-X-Name-First: Imad Author-X-Name-Last: Jabbouri Author-Name: Abdelilah El Attar Author-X-Name-First: Abdelilah El Author-X-Name-Last: Attar Title: The dividend paradox: a literature review Abstract: This paper discusses the theories that shape the debate on dividend policy with an emphasis on emerging markets and recent empirical findings. The studies investigated in this research perceived multiple explanations for paying dividends as being valid and credible, and contribute to explaining why firms pay dividends. The dominance of one theory over another and the contradicting evidence in favour or against a specific theory are largely influenced by the testing environment. In some cases, the theories are contradicting, in others, they are complementary. Divergence in the outcomes and findings of the empirical research that tries to confirm or refute these theories deepens, further, the complexity of the dividend puzzle. This paper finds that, while researchers contribute to empirical evidence and build knowledge to help solve the dividend controversy, the results are inconclusive, contradicting, and none is universally accepted. This leaves ample room for further thorough research on dividend policy. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 197-221 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: dividend policy; dividend puzzle; emerging markets. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93292 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:197-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerhard Fink Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard Author-X-Name-Last: Fink Title: Responsibility of corporations: organisational values, formal norms and managerial competencies Abstract: A generic cultural socio-cognitive theory of a plural agency is developed, which includes 'responsibility'. Interaction between social viable systems, i.e., normative personalities, is modelled. The general definitions of the terms 'responsible' and 'responsibility' imply that there is an action-outcome-consequence relation. Consequently, for modelling cybernetic systems there is need to address issues related to: reasons for action, actual actions taken, outcomes, observation of outcomes, assessment of outcomes, reconsideration and perhaps modification of earlier action. All action has outcomes: a direct effect (performance), side effects, and effects on other agencies. Thus, there is need to integrate into social viable systems models: 1) mutual interdependencies; 2) issues related to dependence on resources; 3) competition for resources; 4) impact on other's resources. The theory will provide guidance for analysis of interaction effects between agencies within their resource environments. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 222-237 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: interaction model; managerial intelligence; mindset agency theory; observation; resource environment; self-regulation; social viable system. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:222-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice Yolles Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Author-X-Name-Last: Yolles Title: Sustainability development: part 3 - the cybernetics of co-evolution through amenity Abstract: This is the third part of a three-part paper. The first part explored the nature of complex autonomous human activity systems, showing that they may be represented as third order cybernetic systems. In part 2 sustainability development was explored as an agency coevolving supersystem composed of interactive autonomous agency systems. In this third part of the paper, five systems are adopted in the supersystem that contributes to sustainability development. The supersystem and systems each have amenities. These change with system evolution. A literature review is undertaken to validate the suggested prime amenity of each system. Cultural Agency Theory (CAT) is used to model both the agencies and their interactive environment, all of which should have a capacity for sustainability. Each agency model has living system characteristics, with eigenvalues that are indicative of system stability, and eigenbehaviour that determines potential patterns of behaviour. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 276-296 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: social sustainability; complex adaptive systems; cultural agency theory; CAT. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93308 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:276-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice Yolles Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Author-X-Name-Last: Yolles Title: Sustainability development: part 1 - from the cybernetic of cybernetics to the cybernetics of development Abstract: This paper is in three parts. The first part explains how von Foerster came to define second order cybernetics through Piaget's child learning model. It inherently relates this to the metasystem-system relationship that underpins Stafford Beer's management cybernetics and its connection to self-processes for the adaptive autonomous system. It also explains how the Foerster's concepts of eigenvalues and eigenbehaviour connect these. Using agency theory, von Foerster's schema is extended to embrace the third order cybernetic complex adaptive systems, leading to the idea of eigendevelopment. Part 2 of this paper posits that, through eigenbehaviours, agency interests arise that are represented generically through amenities. The issue of sustainability development is an important one that requires society to understand the relationship between different independent systems, identified from the literature. In part 3 the different systems and their amenities are explored, and discussion occurs about how the systems, as agencies, may co-evolve in order to lead to sustainability. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 238-256 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: second order cybernetics; third order cybernetics; eigenbehaviour; eigendevelopment; agency theory; complex adaptive systems. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:238-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice Yolles Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Author-X-Name-Last: Yolles Title: Sustainability development: part 2 - exploring the dimensions of sustainability development Abstract: This is the second part of the paper on sustainability development. Part 1 developed theory that explains how complex adaptive human activity systems can be seen as autonomous and self-organising third order cybernetic systems. In this part 2 of the paper a review of the concepts related to sustainability is undertaken and discussed. The paper falls into three parts. The first part relates to the early concepts of the sustainability due to three pillars or disciplinary dimensions of the human activity. The second elaborates on this through the consideration of additional dimensions, which are then referred to as systems. The third extends this argument and considers the rational for these dimensions, in due course reducing them to as five relevant interactive systems. These together compose an interactive supersystem. Sustainability development refers to this supersystem, not to the individual systems. In part 3 of the paper, these systems are considered to be complex human adaptive systems and each is explored in more detail. Journal: Int. J. of Markets and Business Systems Pages: 257-275 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: sustainability development; complex adaptive systems; cultural agency theory. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijmabs:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:257-275