Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aastha Tripathi Author-X-Name-First: Aastha Author-X-Name-Last: Tripathi Author-Name: Raja Sankaran Author-X-Name-First: Raja Author-X-Name-Last: Sankaran Title: Improving the retention of employees through organisational learning culture: the mediating role of learning agility and the moderating role of gender Abstract: This study explores the role of learning agility (LA) as a mediator in the relationship between organisational learning culture (OLC) and employee retention (ER) in an organisation and has also examined the role of gender as a moderator in the relationship between LA and ER. A hypothesised model has been proposed to test the relationships between OLC, LA and ER. SEM has been utilised using (AMOS-version18) on a valid sample of 326 information technology (IT) employees of entry level and middle level from five different software firms located in Eastern, Western and Northern India. The findings of this study exhibit that the two dimensions of OLC significantly influence ER and LA indirectly influences employee retention (ER) inside the organisation with the help of learning culture. Between LA and ER, gender significantly moderates the relationship. This study can improve an organisation by creating a knowledge-learning platform to make it successful in the market. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 301-323 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: organisational learning culture; OLC; learning agility; information technology; employee retention; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:301-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bibi Saeeda Author-X-Name-First: Bibi Author-X-Name-Last: Saeeda Author-Name: Tahmina Noor Author-X-Name-First: Tahmina Author-X-Name-Last: Noor Author-Name: Arif Ullah Author-X-Name-First: Arif Author-X-Name-Last: Ullah Author-Name: Hanane Aznaoui Author-X-Name-First: Hanane Author-X-Name-Last: Aznaoui Title: A critical study of the teaching attitudes of teachers at primary school level in Pakistan Abstract: The research was conducted on the topic of 'critical study of the teaching attitudes of teachers at primary level in government girl's primary schools in (KPK) Pakistan'. The main objectives of the study were to find out positive aspects of teachers' teaching attitudes, to explore negative aspects of teachers' teaching attitudes and to provide suggestions for improving teaching attitudes. For this purpose the descriptive type research was carried out. A total of 175 primary schools for girls in (KPK) Pakistan was selected. All students of class five which make a total of 1,560 students; came under the population of the present study. The study was delimited to 100 government primary schools for girls, 500 students were the sample size of the study. Five students of class 5th were randomly selected from each school. A structured questionnaire was used each question of the questionnaire was having three answers, i.e., yes, no and somewhat. The data collected from the field was analysed through software Statistical Package for Social Science. Conclusion was made on the basis of these findings. From the study, it was concluded that the teachers' teaching attitudes of government girls' primary schools in Pakistan is positive except that they do not encourage co-curricular activities. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 385-403 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: teaching attitudes; primary school; teaching method characteristics of attitudes; social interaction; Pakistan; Statistical Package for Social Science; SPSS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118556 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:385-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghulam Muhammad Author-X-Name-First: Ghulam Author-X-Name-Last: Muhammad Author-Name: Shabana Shamsuddin Author-X-Name-First: Shabana Author-X-Name-Last: Shamsuddin Author-Name: Muttahir Ahmed Khan Author-X-Name-First: Muttahir Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: Khan Title: Micro-learning with technology and employee performance: role of employee competencies in emerging countries Abstract: The main objective of this study is to explore the link between micro-learning through technology and employee performance by focusing on the mediating role of employee competencies. Data for the study was gathered through five points Likert scale questionnaire from 182 respondents working in chemical firms of Pakistan. The structural model assessment was used to analyse the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables by using Smart PLS v.3.2.8. The results revealed that micro-learning and employee competencies have a significant relationship with employee performance. Similarly, the results found a positive and significant relationship between micro-learning and employee competencies. The research also found that employee competencies have a mediating role between micro-learning and employee performance. Empirical research on micro-learning and employee performance by using employee competencies as a mediator is not available in the literature. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 345-359 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: employee competency; employee performance; micro-learning; technology; Smart PLS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:345-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jasem Altammar Author-X-Name-First: Jasem Author-X-Name-Last: Altammar Author-Name: Salwa Aljassar Author-X-Name-First: Salwa Author-X-Name-Last: Aljassar Title: The effect of microteaching on the enhancement of female mathematics and social studies teachers' skills in the College of Education at Kuwait University Abstract: Research indicates a mismatch between the existing national demand for qualified teachers in Kuwait and the quality of teacher preparation programs. This research aims to determine the impact of microteaching method in developing students' teaching skills in the College of Education at Kuwait University. It is hypothesised that a systematic implementation of microteaching enhances prospective teachers' instruction skills, knowledge and self-confidence. In respect of Kuwait's cultural norms of gender segregation amongst student-teachers and across public schools, the research sample include a random selection of 28 female prospective teachers specialised in teaching mathematics and social studies (AY 2019/2020). Itemised observation cards, semi-structured interviews and data analyses methods are applied. Significant findings include higher levels of job readiness amongst prospective teachers that implemented microteaching, especially within three key domains - lesson planning, lesson implementation and lesson evaluation. Microteaching was found to be a significant enhancer of the teaching and learning experience. Teachers were more confident and prepared, irrespective of their teaching specialisation. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 324-344 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: classrooms; Kuwait University; mathematics; microteaching; pre-service; skills building; social studies; student teachers. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:324-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arpana Kumari Author-X-Name-First: Arpana Author-X-Name-Last: Kumari Author-Name: Teena Saharan Author-X-Name-First: Teena Author-X-Name-Last: Saharan Title: Organisational culture as a stimulant to knowledge management practices: an empirical analysis on Indian real estate companies Abstract: The real estate sector is believed in general, adds efficiency into a country's growth and can aim to disrupt the knowledge management practices to keep abreast of latest trends and better serve the interest of it's stakeholder. However, the prevalent culture of shared vision, trust, motivation, values, and mutual cooperation in the organisation can play a noteworthy role in connecting dots between people and knowledge and unleashing the power of knowledge. This paper examined the influence of organisational culture in promoting knowledge management practices in 136 Indian real estate firms in Delhi and the National Capital Region of India. The result facilitated the knowledge management practices adopted by these companies such as knowledge recording, organisational encouragement, mentoring, interaction platforms and top management support. Further, the role of organisational culture consisting of two independent variables - motivation and knowledge sharing culture on knowledge management practices was tested. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 360-384 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: knowledge sharing; motivation; knowledge management practices; KMPs; values; real estate; organisational culture. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:360-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haitham Nobanee Author-X-Name-First: Haitham Author-X-Name-Last: Nobanee Author-Name: Mehroz Nida Dilshad Author-X-Name-First: Mehroz Nida Author-X-Name-Last: Dilshad Title: Higher education and financial crisis: a systematic literature review and future research agenda Abstract: This study systematically reviews the response of higher education of different economies amidst the financial crisis, focusing on their enrolment patterns and strategies. Six databases have been used in this research paper to find relevant publications from 2000 to 2019. We started from 200 scholarly studies and shortlisted 45 high-quality published papers to rely on for this research. Most studies concluded that most of the economies worldwide are inclined towards internationalisation and innovation approaches in higher education amidst increased competition and market fluctuations. Studies also revealed a strong connection between enrolment and labour market conditions at a higher education level. With the recurring recession, more rigorous approaches need to be introduced to understand short-term and long-term policies' effectiveness. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 121-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: higher education; economies; financial crisis; enrolment; labour market conditions; market forces; economic growth; recession; universities; policies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115274 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:121-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amar Kumar Mishra Author-X-Name-First: Amar Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra Author-Name: Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Rajesh Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyay Title: Effect of organisational learning and knowledge management on organisational performance in HEI, India Abstract: The importance of higher education has always been vital in any society. There is a strong need for institutions of HEI especially in developing countries such as India. The need, demand and importance of these institutions saw a mushrooming growth in the first decade of this century. However, majority of these are struggling for their survival in the absence of performance. OP is not achieved in a day and requires synchronised effort of all stakeholders in a unified way. Especially in educational institutions where knowledge is the pivotal force, management of knowledge plays the central role in making or marring of OP. Management of knowledge, further, is a continuous process that is natured and nurtured in the culture of OL. The present paper, accordingly, investigates the relation between OL, KM and OP in HEI, India. The result suggests that in the absence of OL culture, knowledge becomes either repetitive or redundant leading to the deterioration of performance. Hence, HEIs must ensure OL in their institutions for developing and managing knowledge and boosting OP for the survival, growth and prosperity of their institutions. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 101-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: organisational learning; knowledge management; organisational performance; HEIs; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:101-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yumiko Abe Author-X-Name-First: Yumiko Author-X-Name-Last: Abe Author-Name: James A. Elwood Author-X-Name-First: James A. Author-X-Name-Last: Elwood Author-Name: Yin Yin Khoo Author-X-Name-First: Yin Yin Author-X-Name-Last: Khoo Author-Name: Michael Hood Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Hood Title: The relationship between self-regulation skills and English proficiency among Asian EFL learners in the flipped online classroom Abstract: The flipped classroom is believed to promote a sense of continuity in the classroom and nurture learner autonomy. If students learn to self-regulate, they are more likely to gain desired skills. This study investigates self-regulated learning (SRL) motivation as possible predictors of Asian undergraduate students' English proficiency in a flipped online English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. Undergraduate Japanese EFL students were paired with counterparts in Malaysia. Working in a computer - mediated environment, learners worked together to complete tasks. Learners' output and thoughts about the experience were documented online, and questionnaires were used to elicit data on self-regulation and motivation. We found that metacognitive and cognitive strategy use, combined with peer learning promoted by learners' self-efficacy leads to improved English proficiency. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 159-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: flipped classroom; self-regulated learning; SRL; English proficiency. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:159-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David López Jiménez Author-X-Name-First: David López Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez Author-Name: Eduardo Carlos Dittmar Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Dittmar Author-Name: Jenny Patricia Vargas Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Patricia Vargas Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Title: Cooperation and relationship in the triple helix model of innovation Abstract: During the last decades the cooperation between universities, companies and government has helped generate new knowledge, transfer technology and create incubators of small and medium enterprises (SME), and spin-offs. The triple helix model, which is the focus of this research, represents a paradigm for the university within this three-way relationship, with the development of the entrepreneurial university concept. In fact, business-minded universities have grown significantly in socio-economic terms, with the development and registering of patents, as well as in activities related to spin-offs. Spin-off companies created from universities help transfer knowledge and scientific research to the business sector, and facilitate communication between universities, the market and society. In recent years, technological change and cooperation between business and universities have become increasingly important. Competition in business, and the need for companies to collaborate more closely, is reshaping universities in terms of the research they undertake and their relationship with the state. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 1-9 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: innovation; enterprise; entrepreneurial university; government; triple helix model; relationship; cooperation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadeem Ahmad Qureshi Author-X-Name-First: Nadeem Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi Author-Name: Bilal Afsar Author-X-Name-First: Bilal Author-X-Name-Last: Afsar Title: Modelling an environmental context for collaborative research productivity: perceptions about knowledge sharing from Pakistani universities Abstract: The study aims at theorising and modelling an environmental context based on assessment of organisational processes that can promote intra-organisational collaborative knowledge sharing for research productivity in Pakistani universities. A fine grained qualitative approach based on 30 semi-structured interviews reveal four successive stages of the proposed model: defining priorities; designing structures and streamlining works and processes; performing efficiently to materialise commercialisation through quality research output; and rewarding to encourage knowledge sharing as a continued activity. The study contributes significantly to accelerate economic growth in Pakistan as it analyses the main issues, such as infrastructural deficiencies and work related cultural barriers, which serve to hinder collaborative knowledge sharing among researchers in Pakistan. By implication, the model suits the requirements of the developing societies that have been struggling over the years to promote research commercialisation and entrepreneurship. The study also spells out recommendations for institutional policy makers. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 175-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: knowledge sharing; research universities; learning innovation; commercialisation; entrepreneurship; productivity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:175-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zafar Hasanov Author-X-Name-First: Zafar Author-X-Name-Last: Hasanov Author-Name: Panayiotis Antoniou Author-X-Name-First: Panayiotis Author-X-Name-Last: Antoniou Author-Name: Elchin Suleymanov Author-X-Name-First: Elchin Author-X-Name-Last: Suleymanov Author-Name: Vener Garayev Author-X-Name-First: Vener Author-X-Name-Last: Garayev Title: The impact of behavioural, cognitive and emotional dimensions of student engagement on student learning: the case of Azerbaijani higher education institutions Abstract: This study examines the relationship between student engagement and academic attainment. A random sample of 548 full time second-year and third-year undergraduate students from six higher education institutions in Azerbaijan was obtained. The study methodologically compares and merges two psychometric self-report measures, the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and the Burch Engagement Survey for Students (BESS), which capture three fundamentally different dimensions of engagement, namely behavioural, cognitive and emotional. The data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple linear regression. The findings of the study support the multidimensionality notion of engagement as suggested by the prominent student involvement theories and claim that all three dimensions are to a different extent statistically significant determinants of academic success. Regression results reveal significant relationships between students' academic achievement and engagement both for one-dimensional and three-dimensional engagement models. Compared to traditionally used measurements, the three-dimensional CFA model provides better explanation of academic outcomes. The results of this study could have implications for university academic staff and policymakers in utilising the benefits of each engagement factor to improve institutional quality. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 10-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: student engagement; behavioural engagement; learning outcomes; emotional engagement; cognitive engagement; higher education. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:10-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Preeti Bhaskar Author-X-Name-First: Preeti Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaskar Author-Name: Amit Joshi Author-X-Name-First: Amit Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi Author-Name: Gaurav Chopra Author-X-Name-First: Gaurav Author-X-Name-Last: Chopra Title: Career growth and development: the buzzword is continuing education Abstract: This paper focuses on the importance of continuing education among employees in information technology companies in India. The study identifies the factors which influence employees for continuing education and its impact on their career growth and development. A systematic survey of the 315 employees working in the top ten IT companies was conducted to accumulate primary data. The analysis of the study stipulates that factors including - financial investment, time requirements for completing the course, employment opportunities and acquiring new skills play an important role among employees for continuing education. This study also reveals that continuing education has a positive impact on career growth and development. With the help of continuing education, employees get professional growth (better career opportunities, job security, salary increment, and promotion) and personal growth (personality development, development of interpersonal skills, development of technical skills and self-confidence). Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 39-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: continuing education; career development; professional growth; IT companies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:39-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rand Al-Dmour Author-X-Name-First: Rand Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Dmour Author-Name: Ahmed Al-Dmour Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Dmour Author-Name: Nifessia Rababeh Author-X-Name-First: Nifessia Author-X-Name-Last: Rababeh Author-Name: Hani Al-Dmour Author-X-Name-First: Hani Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Dmour Title: The influence of knowledge management processes on FinTech innovation: Lebanon evidence Abstract: This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge management process on Fintech innovation through the moderating role of managers' demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, experience, and position) in commercial banks operating in Lebanon. To accomplish this aim, a conceptual framework based on knowledge-based theory and literature review was developed. The data for this research was collected through a self-administered questionnaire with 181 respondents. The target respondents were managers of commercial banks in Lebanon. The empirical findings of the study suggest that the practice of knowledge management functions practice has a positive and significant relationship with Fintech innovation. The findings also provide support for the moderating effect of only two demographic characteristics of bank managers: experience and position on the relationship between knowledge management and Fintech innovation in commercial banks in Lebanon. The study findings may aid future researchers in their quest to understand the inherent relationships that lie between the constructs' questions and provide a platform for banking managers in their efforts to improve their innovation strategies through knowledge management. Furthermore, research recommendations, limitations and future directions are discussed in the last sections. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 63-85 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: knowledge management; acquisition; integration; utilisation; Fintech innovation; Lebanon. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:63-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lara Gitto Author-X-Name-First: Lara Author-X-Name-Last: Gitto Title: Ability and frequency of ICTs use in an older adults' sample: implications for developing an active aging educational strategy Abstract: This analysis, carried out on a sample of people attending ICTs classes at University of the Third Age in Southern Italy, is aimed at examining the determinants of the frequent use of digital tools and the ability to employ multiple devices. Some items of the WHOQoL Bref questionnaire have been employed to assess specific aspects/dimensions pertaining to the respondents' quality of life. An econometric analysis based on a recursive bivariate probit has been carried out. The variables related to availability of ICTs show the greatest impact in determining the joint probability of ICTs use for multiple purposes and their frequency of use. Results are helpful in planning efficient education programs and strengthening digital engagement among older adults. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 86-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: ICTs; ability of use; frequency of use; elderly people; Universities of the Third Age; UTAs; active aging; recursive bivariate probit. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=115035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:86-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vinay Kukreja Author-X-Name-First: Vinay Author-X-Name-Last: Kukreja Author-Name: Amitoj Singh Author-X-Name-First: Amitoj Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Author-Name: Sachin Ahuja Author-X-Name-First: Sachin Author-X-Name-Last: Ahuja Title: Identification, assessment and ranking agile software development critical success factors - a factor analysis approach Abstract: Agile software development (ASD) methods have emerged as an innovative and diverse way of developing software as compared to the traditional methodologies that are having high project failure, higher cost and more time to complete the project, customer dissatisfaction, etc. The current study is conducted to identify and assess critical success factors along with discovering the perceived level of success factors for ASD. Initially, 39 variables have been identified and finally, 31 variables have been loaded into five factors that lead to success factors and further how these factors are related to perceived level of success factor that is again a cluster of further four identified variables (time, cost and efforts, quality and scope and requirements). The importance index is used to rank the factors along with the variables of the explored factors. Surprisingly, the important factors that came out were project factor followed by organisation, technical, people and process factors respectively. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 216-243 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: agile methods; critical success factors; CSFs; agile software development; ASD; software development; validation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116875 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:216-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zahra Eskandari Author-X-Name-First: Zahra Author-X-Name-Last: Eskandari Author-Name: Hooshang Khoshsima Author-X-Name-First: Hooshang Author-X-Name-Last: Khoshsima Title: A study of cross-cultural variations of metaphor aptness and their implications in foreign language teaching Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate cross-cultural variations of metaphor aptness and their implications in foreign language teaching. Two groups of English and Persian native speakers were selected for this study. Three tests were administered. In each item of test one, participants produced a parallel relation for a given relation. In each item of test two, participants made judgment on the acceptability of a metaphor. In test three, participants made judgment on the acceptability of parallel relations. The results indicated that degree of aptness of a metaphor had a significant positive correlation with the number of corresponding parallel relations for that metaphor. Furthermore, degrees of aptness of some metaphors were different for English and Persian native speakers. It is suggested that cultural dimensions of the concepts that are involved in parallel relations in the base and target of a metaphor could affect degree of aptness of that metaphor. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 193-215 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: cross-cultural variations; metaphor aptness; structure-mapping. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116878 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:193-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Anwar Ul Author-X-Name-Last: Haq Author-Name: Mirza Ashfaq Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Mirza Ashfaq Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Author-Name: Shaista Khalid Author-X-Name-First: Shaista Author-X-Name-Last: Khalid Author-Name: Muhammad Usman Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Usman Title: Effect of empowering leadership on knowledge sharing: mediating roles of psychological empowerment and psychological capital Abstract: Current study aims to find out the effect of empowering leadership on knowledge sharing behaviour directly and through the mediating effects of psychological empowerment and psychological capital. Dyadic data were collected from supervisor-subordinate dyads. The available responses for analysis, after screening, were 223. The respondents for this research hailed from diverse sectors such as leather factories, sports goods industry, and surgical goods manufactures. Data were analysed by applying SEM in AMOS. Results confirmed our proposed model. Apart from the direct linkage, the mediating effects were also validated. These findings advance literature in the streams of empowering leadership, knowledge sharing, psychological capital, and psychological empowerment. Important implications, theoretical and practical, have also been discussed at the end. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 244-261 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: empowering leadership; knowledge sharing; psychological capital; psychological empowerment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116897 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:244-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Issam Tlemsani Author-X-Name-First: Issam Author-X-Name-Last: Tlemsani Author-Name: Maram Alghamdi Author-X-Name-First: Maram Author-X-Name-Last: Alghamdi Author-Name: Luluwa AlRajhi Author-X-Name-First: Luluwa Author-X-Name-Last: AlRajhi Author-Name: Ghada Althaaly Author-X-Name-First: Ghada Author-X-Name-Last: Althaaly Author-Name: Manal Alshehri Author-X-Name-First: Manal Author-X-Name-Last: Alshehri Title: Motivation theory: an application to Saudi Arabia's higher education Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the existing knowledge on motivation theory with an application to Saudi Arabia's higher education. This research is an attempt to find the best theories that can help student performances. The implications of this research is of extreme importance, as it sheds light on one of the most important aspects of a student's success; learning how to motivate them will profoundly benefit not only the student but the kingdom as well. This research tests the extent to which the equity and Maslow's theory of motivation can be used in motivating students in Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study show a direct correlation between students' performance and the extent to which such theories were implemented. Moreover, it emphasises the underlying reasons why such theories are more beneficial than others as well as how Adam's equity theory is not only about analysing inputs/outputs and comparing it with others. And so is Maslow's theory of motivation, they are not simply approaches to motivation, but also powerful tools. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 262-274 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: motivation theory; higher education; student performances; equity theory; knowledge. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116898 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:262-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Ugochukwu Ubaka Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Ugochukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Ubaka Author-Name: Baharudin Kadir Author-X-Name-First: Baharudin Author-X-Name-Last: Kadir Author-Name: Ibrahim Kamal Abdul Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Kamal Abdul Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Author-Name: Ilham Sentosa Author-X-Name-First: Ilham Author-X-Name-Last: Sentosa Title: Web ranking performance perspectives of Malaysian higher education institutions' stakeholders Abstract: The need to analyse the scope and variety of HEIs' digital footprints became clearer with the introduction of web ranking initiative. Our previous study highlighted the need for HEIs to assess their past web ranking performances to ensure the promotion of the already acknowledged academic mission (teaching, research, and transfer). Having observed significant variations in the web ranking performance of Malaysian HEIs (especially those whose performance is expected to be at par with other high performing institutes), and most web ranking studies highlighting the need for scholars to have significant web presence, the present study was conducted to explore the views of Malaysian HEIs' academics on web ranking. Interviews and surveys were used for data collection from purposively and randomly selected academics. The findings of the current study suggests: 1) the need to communicate and getting the buy-in on the importance of web ranking performance; 2) the need to develop appropriate policies and infrastructure; 3) the need to take strategic view of web ranking performance as a long-term promotional tool. Journal: Int. J. of Knowledge and Learning Pages: 275-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2021 Keywords: Malaysia; HEIs; academics; web ranking; web presence. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijklea:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:275-299