Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Rashed Hasan Polas Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Rashed Hasan Author-X-Name-Last: Polas Author-Name: Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi Author-X-Name-First: Asghar Afshar Author-X-Name-Last: Jahanshahi Author-Name: Md Lutfor Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Md Lutfor Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Title: Islamic Branding as a Tool for Customer Retention: Antecedents and Consequences of Islamic brand loyalty Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of the characteristics of Halal products and the corporate image on Islamic brand loyalty. The relationship between Islamic brand loyalty and customer retention was further researched using survey data of 189 randomly selected Muslim customers of Halal products in Malaysia. The findings confirmed a positive significant relationship between Islamic product characteristics and the corporate image on Islamic brand loyalty. A positive relationship between Islamic product characteristics and Islamic brand loyalty on customer retention was also found. However, the paper didn't find any significant relationship between the corporate image and customer retention, in contrast with the earlier findings. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic brand loyalty; corporate image; Halal product characteristics; customer retention. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johari Bin Abdullah Author-X-Name-First: Johari Bin Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullah Title: Islamic marketing mix: is there a role for Islamic-based strategies? Abstract: Development of Islamic marketing as a part of marketing knowledge has urged both academics and practitioners to explore the significance on the theory and practical implication to business and customer. This has been a flourishing new area which has set new boundaries to current marketing practices. Nevertheless, this area remains understudied with limited empirical evidence, particularly on marketing mix decisions in line with Islamic principles. Therefore, developing an approach exclusively considering distinctive Islamic characteristics is of paramount important. Findings suggest that Muslim customers consider five critical factors that must be emphasised by businesses in conducting their marketing mix. In their order of importance, these factors represent 'conformity', 'character', 'commitment', 'conscience' and 'customer centrism', then translated into marketing strategies. Therefore, it is proposed that businesses can adopt the strategies in engaging with Muslim customers through their marketing mix activities by consistently conforming to Syariah Halal Standard, exhibiting distinctive characteristics, instilling assurance, embedding morality and conscience and lastly embracing a 'customer oriented' approach. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 15-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic marketing; Halal; marketing strategies; Islamic marketing mix. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:1:p:15-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rajasekhara Mouly Potluri Author-X-Name-First: Rajasekhara Mouly Author-X-Name-Last: Potluri Author-Name: Lohith Sekhar Potluri Author-X-Name-First: Lohith Sekhar Author-X-Name-Last: Potluri Title: Halal packaging and certification in India: issues and challenges Abstract: The principal objective of this research is to reveal issues encountered and challenges faced in halal packaging and certification along with attitude and awareness of Indian Muslim consumers' towards halal. Following a scrupulous review of the germane literature, researchers garnered required data by employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The researchers conducted structured personal interviews with the consumers, managers of certification and packaging companies along with a survey method to measure the factors influencing Muslim consumers' consciousness and purchase decision. Astonishingly, 98% of the Indian Muslims thought that halal means prayer offerings before/during slaughtering of sheep/chicken/cow/camel. After being exposed to the concept, significantly 95 percent of Indian Muslims accepted that familiarise about halal is very important to Muslim consumers for opting halal-certified products. This is a pioneering research effort related to halal certification and packaging from India which is beneficial to both the corporate sector and the academic world. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 35-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: halal; halal certification; packaging; Indian Muslims; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:1:p:35-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmad Rafiki Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Rafiki Author-Name: Sutan Emir Hidayat Author-X-Name-First: Sutan Emir Author-X-Name-Last: Hidayat Author-Name: Abdullah Al-Mana Author-X-Name-First: Abdullah Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Mana Title: Factors affecting small and medium family businesses' internationalisation in Saudi Arabia Abstract: This study is aimed to investigate factors that influence small and medium enterprises towards internationalisation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There are variables delineated from theories which influence the firm's internationalisation, which include: size of the firm, age of the firm, education of the manager, training, experience of the manager and network relationship. The descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were used to analyse the data. A combination of stratified and snowball sampling techniques is adopted with a sample size of 119 managers of small and medium enterprises. The results of the research were consistent with past studies where it was revealed that the firm size, manager experience, training and network relationship had a significantly positive relationship with internationalisation. However, contrary to current findings outside Saudi Arabia, education of the manager and age of the firm did not have a significant positive relationship with internationalisation. This study could be considered as a pioneer study of internationalisation within the context of Saudi Arabia and expose the specific factors considered by Saudi Arabia family business managers who intend to embark on internationalisation. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 45-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: small and medium enterprise; SME; internationalisation; family businesses; Saudi Arabia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:1:p:45-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ikran Eum Author-X-Name-First: Ikran Author-X-Name-Last: Eum Title: The current state of Muslim-friendly tourism policies in non-Islamic countries: an exploratory study of Korea's approach Abstract: Since 2010, Korea has seen a gradual increase in the number of inbound Muslim tourists as a result of the hallyu phenomenon. In response, the Korean Government began to promote a welcoming tourism environment to Muslim visitors. The recent crisis caused by the deployment of the terminal high altitude area defence (THAAD) system and China's reprisal boycott has prompted the Korean Government to diversify the local tourism market, shifting its focus from Chinese to Muslim tourists. This study explores the status of Korea's hospitality industry with regard to inbound Muslim tourists. Findings indicate that Korea's domestic tourism industry has responded swiftly to the needs of Muslim tourists by establishing a Muslim-friendly tourism environment. However, Korea's Muslim-friendly policy faces two main challenges: the lack of hospitable infrastructure for Muslim tourists outside of Seoul and a prevailing anti-Islamic sentiment among Koreans who oppose government policy. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 65-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic tourism; halal tourism; Muslim-friendly tourism; hallyu; Korean wave; anti-Islamic sentiment; Islamophobia; terminal high altitude area defence; THAAD; Islamic consumerism; Muslim tourists; Korean halal policy; Korea. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91665 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:1:p:65-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Talha Salam Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Talha Author-X-Name-Last: Salam Author-Name: Nazlida Muhamad Author-X-Name-First: Nazlida Author-X-Name-Last: Muhamad Author-Name: Vai Shiem Leong Author-X-Name-First: Vai Shiem Author-X-Name-Last: Leong Title: Modest, modern and diverse: a review of marketing communication visuals of Islamic fashion brands Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of marketing communication visuals of four Islamic fashion brands. In general, the marketing communication visuals of these Islamic fashion brands were found to display diversity in terms of being modest and modern, use of human models, and positioning as an Islamic brand. Based on the review of selected Islamic fashion brands, the tenor and diversity in their marketing communication visuals was attributed to three influencing factors. These factors included cultural diversity, interpretation of Islamic injunctions and competition in the target market. Based on the tenor of marketing communication visuals and influencing factors, a conceptual framework on Islamic fashion brand was proposed to provide insights into the marketing communications practices of Islamic fashion industry. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 83-103 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic fashion brands; marketing communication visuals; modesty; fashion advertising; veiling. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94077 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:83-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Mominul Islam Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Mominul Author-X-Name-Last: Islam Title: Islamic marketing practice as a panacea to social marketing criticism Abstract: This paper aims to resolve few social marketing criticisms through the teaching of the Holy Qur'an safeguarding Islamic marketing from future challenges. Secondary data on normative ethics and marketing literature have been put together exploring a qualitative research approach. Social marketing criticisms, for instance, harmful products must be modified with halal and lawful offerings, conventional higher pricing has to be converted into interest (usury) less Islamic pricing, higher profit earning of the channel members must be checked through a justified place, and presenting naked or semi-naked models in marketing promotion as cultural pollution needs to be stopped emphasising product's benefits. Thus, Islamic marketers can adhere to the Quranic verses in developing theories resolving the present social marketing challenges. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 104-115 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: halal; Islamic marketing; marketing mix; social marketing; marketing criticisms; religion; The Holy Qur'an. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:104-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Talat Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Talat Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Author-Name: Muhammad Hussain Qureshi Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Hussain Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi Author-Name: Mian Sajid Nazir Author-X-Name-First: Mian Sajid Author-X-Name-Last: Nazir Title: Analysis of Islamic financing and related assets: a study of Islamic banks of Pakistan Abstract: The objective of the study is to identify and analyse different modes of financing offered by Islamic banks of Pakistan. For the analysis purpose, the study chosen four full-fledge Islamic banks which are currently operating in Pakistan for the period of 2010 to 2016. Audited annual financial reports of these Islamic banks are used to obtain the data related to different modes of financing each bank is offering to consumers. The findings of the study reported that, in year 2010, Murabaha and Ijarahwere were the most popular modes of financing for all sample banks, which become gradually less popular among Islamic banks of Pakistan as modes of financing and diminishing Musharakah financing is replacing Murabaha and Ijarah financing over the study period of 2010 to 2016. The study provides evidence that equity-based financing, which is the essence of Islamic banking, is strengthening its roots in Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. The study provides policy implications for regulators, especially for product development departments at different Islamic banks, for designing and pricing Islamic financial products. There is a need for innovativeness in developing the variants of popular modes of financing in order to remain viable in the industry. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 116-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic banks; financial instruments; financing; Pakistan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:116-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Munazza Saeed Author-X-Name-First: Munazza Author-X-Name-Last: Saeed Author-Name: Ilhaamie Abdul Ghani Azmi Author-X-Name-First: Ilhaamie Abdul Ghani Author-X-Name-Last: Azmi Title: A cross-cultural comparison of Muslim religious commitment on US brand switching behaviour Abstract: The literature on religion in consumer behaviour research reveals that it is treated as a segmentation variable. However, so far there is a missing link between the comparisons of consumers of the same religion. Therefore, this comparative study is intended to examine differences in religious commitments and the influence of religious commitment on the brand-switching behaviour of millennial Muslim consumers. Data has been collected from 550 millennial Muslim consumers from Pakistan and Malaysia, and structural equation modelling (SEM) has been applied for the analysis. This study demonstrates that the religious commitment is significantly different between two countries and influences the brand switching behaviour of millennial Muslim consumers. This study shows how religious commitments are different, and moreover the effect of religious commitment is also different in the brand-switching behaviour of consumers while practising the same religion. It is hoped that this study will be of interest to business researchers involved in religion and consumer behaviour research. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 144-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: religious commitment; brand switching; Pakistan; Malaysia; American brands. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:144-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi Author-X-Name-First: Shafiu Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullahi Title: Exploring linkages between availability of consumer credit and emerging Muslim consumers' habits Abstract: In the past two decades, there seem to be a burgeoning growth in the percentage of consumer credits issued by Islamic banks to their clients. Non-financial Islamic firms are also not left behind in the issuance of consumer credit, taken into consideration the availability of various contract modes. A lot of the consumer finances issued by Islamic financial institutions ended up financing luxurious lifestyle of the rich Muslims' families while at the same time not providing much in the way of Qard Hasan (benevolence loan) to finance the business of the poor. Early contributors to Islamic economics envisaged a situation where profit and loss sharing (PLS) dominated Islamic financing but the practice of modern Islamic banking is short of that expectation. This work is an attempt to shade light on the links that exists between finance (credit availability), Muslims' consumption habits and firms' efforts to create market for their outputs. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 162-173 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: consumer finance; consumption credit; Halal consumption; conspicuous consumption; Islamic banking; marketing; advertising; retail banking. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:162-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zakaria Boulanouar Author-X-Name-First: Zakaria Author-X-Name-Last: Boulanouar Author-Name: Bronwyn P. Wood Author-X-Name-First: Bronwyn P. Author-X-Name-Last: Wood Title: Towards a theory on the place of goods and services in Islamic marketing Abstract: This paper seeks to advance marketing theory by introducing two consumption models, developed from the Islamic teaching, to contribute to the theory base of the new field of Islamic marketing. The paper uses the universally accepted Islamic book of guidance, The <i>Qur'an</i>, to construct and explain the role goods and services can occupy in the lives of all consumers. It uses translations of accepted Islamic scholars to illustrate the theory in English. Given the increasing interest in the field of Islamic marketing, and in Muslims as a consuming segment, this paper also outlines implications for consumers and for businesses, most especially in terms of promotional appeals and positioning in communication offerings. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 175-182 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic marketing; marketing theory; model; consumption; promotion; positioning; placement. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:175-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.K. Musa Gambo Author-X-Name-First: K.K. Musa Author-X-Name-Last: Gambo Title: Mosque leadership and management in Kano metropolis: case of Al-Furqan Mosque, Kano state, Nigeria Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the leadership and management activities of Alfurqan Mosque situated at Alu Avenue, Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. This is motivated out of the concern from many quarters about the methodology of managing mosques by some Imams and other mosque leaders and the effect of such practice on the Muslim congregations. Qualitative design is employed for the study through interview with key officers of the mosque who are selected using purposive sampling. The paper adopts descriptive analysis using thematic approach. Findings from the study revealed that Al-Furqan Mosque is well managed under good structure, staffing and skills necessary for effective management. Consequently, it is recommended that mosques in Kano should emulate the management structure of Al-Furqan mosque and they should always consider mosque as an institution for socio-economic development of the Muslim Umma. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 183-195 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: mosque; leadership; mosque management; mosque activities; Al-Furqan Mosque. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:183-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tagreed Saleh Abalkhail Author-X-Name-First: Tagreed Saleh Author-X-Name-Last: Abalkhail Title: Traditional cultural values vs. religiosity: Saudi female purchase intention of Turkish Islamic fashion Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine Saudi female attitude and purchase intention toward Turkish Islamic fashion from both the cultural and religious perspectives. A total of 204 women were surveyed. Data was collected in the capital city of Saudi Arabia and assessed using a structural equation model. The findings revealed that the attitude toward Turkish Islamic fashion is slightly positive while the purchase intention is almost neutral. The results also exhibited the positive impact of religiosity and traditional cultural values upon attitude toward Turkish Islamic fashion. Likewise, attitude toward Turkish Islamic fashion and traditional cultural values had significant positive impacts on purchase intention. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 196-208 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: traditional cultural values; religiosity; Turkish Islamic fashion; attitude and purchase intention. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:196-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Shafiq Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Shafiq Title: A collection of Islamic advertising principles: revisited and detailed Abstract: This paper provides a detailed exposition of the principles of Islamic advertising, as found in the writings by religious and academic scholars and extracted from relevant verses of the Holy <i>Qur'an</i>. This paper is theoretical in nature and uses content analysis for the findings. The principles detailed here open newer and wider avenues for research in the area of Islamic marketing/advertising and will help in furthering the nascent concept of Islamic advertising. Islamic advertising concept stands contrary to the contemporary practices. As such this paper has great implications in terms of application of Islamic advertising to real-world practices too. With a growing concern for business ethics, the concept of Islamic advertising will not only eradicate the ill-effects of contemporary advertising, but will also provide sound evidence for revising advertising policies. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 209-222 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Islamic advertising; Islamic marketing; un/ethical advertising; criticism on advertising; ethical marketing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:209-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emy Ezura A-Jalil Author-X-Name-First: Emy Ezura Author-X-Name-Last: A-Jalil Title: Logistical indicators for enhancement of halal sustainability Abstract: Halal awareness is becoming increasingly important to Muslim communities around the world, as Muslims form the majority of consumers of halal related products and services. However, due to the stringent protocols and modules to be followed by halal food producers about cleanliness and hygiene, halal food products are increasingly gaining acceptance by non-Muslims alike. Stringent protocols and modules are applied throughout the halal food supply chain, from sourcing to production and distribution. When the manufacturer puts a halal logo on a product, it is a validation of a product's halal compliance. This study looks at the traceability and accessibility of halal product information, both of which are significant in achieving halal sustainability. Data for the study was collected via a questionnaire targeted to Muslim and non-Muslim consumers of halal food products. Correlation and regression analyses were used in this study to address the existence of a relationship between the traceability and accessibility on the enhancement of halal sustainability. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 223-231 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: halal food products; halal sustainability; traceability; accessibility. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:223-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wesam Eid Author-X-Name-First: Wesam Author-X-Name-Last: Eid Title: Integrating the theory of planned behaviour to identify determinants of halal food consumption in Japan Abstract: The <i>halal</i> market is a new, emerging market that is worth $667 million. Interest in this growing area came after a recent rise in the purchasing power of Muslim consumers and the increasing demand for <i>halal</i> products. This paper follows Bonne et al. (2007) research to identify determinants of <i>halal</i> food consumption among Muslim consumers in Japan by integrating the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Results based on data collected through a survey of 102 Muslim respondents shows that <i>halal</i> food consumption is determined by positive attitude, subjective norms or the influence of peers and personal conviction. This study also shows that the <i>halal</i> food market is still an emerging market in Japan despite the fact that there are a significant number of Muslim consumers living in or visiting the country. Therefore, this study contributes in increasing the awareness of the demand for <i>halal</i> food. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 232-244 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: halal food; Muslim consumers; theory of planned behaviour; consumer behaviour; Islamic marketing; Japan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:232-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Talha Salam Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Talha Author-X-Name-Last: Salam Author-Name: Nazlida Muhamad Author-X-Name-First: Nazlida Author-X-Name-Last: Muhamad Author-Name: Vai Shiem Leong Author-X-Name-First: Vai Shiem Author-X-Name-Last: Leong Title: Muslim consumers' attitudes toward fashion advertising: a conceptual framework Abstract: A theoretically established framework for attitudes toward advertising is furthered in the relatively less researched yet increasingly significant areas of fashion advertising and Muslim consumers. Two additional factors, fashion consciousness, and religious commitment are proposed as antecedents to attitudes and behaviours toward fashion advertising among the Muslim consumers. Both these factors are proposed based on the precedents in research on attitudes toward advertising and they manifest consumers' involvement with fashion and religion. The directionality of relationships between different factors is posited based on the existing research on Muslim consumers as well as substantiated evidence from reports of consumer reactions. Journal: Int. J. of Islamic Marketing and Branding Pages: 245-264 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2018 Keywords: Muslim consumers; attitudes toward advertising; fashion advertising; fashion consciousness; religious commitment; religiosity; conceptual framework; attitude theory; beliefs; behaviours. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95843 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijimbr:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:245-264