Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keshab Nath Author-X-Name-First: Keshab Author-X-Name-Last: Nath Author-Name: Swarup Roy Author-X-Name-First: Swarup Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Author-Name: Sukumar Nandi Author-X-Name-First: Sukumar Author-X-Name-Last: Nandi Title: An incremental approach for hierarchical community mining in evolving social graphs Abstract: Community members which are highly connected with each other inside a community tends to create sub-communities, commonly termed as intrinsic or hierarchical communities. Finding intrinsic communities help us to reach out specific user needs, understanding the network dynamics and unveiling the functional and hidden aspects in the network, which is difficult without unveiling intra and inter-community all kinds of relationship. With the passage of time, members of a community may acquire different interests, leads to movement of members within different communities. Frequent changes in the relationship of members towards a community make the task of community detection even more challenging. In this work, we propose a new community detection method, embedded communities from evolving networks (ECEnet), for handling intrinsic communities in evolving networks. We adopt a density variation concept to detect the intrinsic communities in growing networks. We use a new membership function to measure the contiguity of a member towards a community. We use both synthetic and real-world social networks for our experimentation. Experimental results reveal that ECEnet is successful in detecting intrinsic or hierarchical communities in a dynamic scenario. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 123-141 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: intrinsic communities; hierarchical communities; evolving networks; dynamic communities; incremental clustering; embedded cluster; density variation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:123-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Santhosh Kumar Author-X-Name-First: B. Santhosh Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: S. Velliangiri Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Velliangiri Author-Name: J. Ajayan Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajayan Title: Object categorisation and flame apprehension Abstract: Object categorisation is a customary errand of PC observation which includes deciding if a picture contains some particular class of question. The thought is firmly related with acknowledgment, arrangement, and misgiving. The several techniques are used in this categorisation and to speak to a division of articles, from shape investigation, or neighbourhood inscriptions, like SIFT, and several methods used. The possible point is to extricate semantics from video to be utilised in a larger amount action examination undertakings. Arranging the uncovered video question is a significant advance in accomplishing this objective. Nonetheless, late research has demonstrated that question groups and their areas in pictures are found in a freely way too. Our contemporary question arrangement calculation influences utilisation of the closer view pixel delineating to every individual associated area to make a blueprint for the protest. Customarily fire sensors which sense the nearness of specific particles created by smoke and fire by photometry were utilised to recognise fire. Normal sensors mean to detect particles, accordingly, an essential shortcoming of point locators is separate limited and decay in open spaces. We depict the computational models utilised to deal with achieve the objectives indicated previously. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 142-156 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: fire identification; contour pattern; object categorisation; flame colour. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:142-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oudaya Coumar Souprayen Author-X-Name-First: Oudaya Coumar Author-X-Name-Last: Souprayen Author-Name: Tamilselvan Sadasivam Author-X-Name-First: Tamilselvan Author-X-Name-Last: Sadasivam Title: Efficient wideband filter using closed loop resonator with coupling lines Abstract: This paper is about a wideband filter using closed loop resonator with inter-digital coupling lines. The square resonator is used as closed loop structure integrated with inter-digital coupling on both sides which plays a major key role in this filter design. The proposed wideband filter can be employed in ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers since the operating band of UWB is matching with operating bandwidth of this filter. Design and EM simulation of the UWB filter's characteristics are discussed in this work. The proposed UWB filter produces tremendous bandwidth ranges from 2.3 GHz to 8 GHz. The filter evaluation parameters like return loss, insertion loss, phase and group delay are obtained, and their responses are analysed. The complete size measurement of the filter is achieved to be 39 mm × 3.2 mm × 1.6 mm on accounting the above features. The calculated bandwidth ratio with respect to centre frequency of the filter is obtained about 115%. The performance parameter results show the filter's return loss (S<SUB align="right"><SMALL>11</SMALL></SUB>) and insertion loss (S<SUB align="right"><SMALL>21</SMALL></SUB>) are &minus;41 dB and &minus;2 dB respectively. Both simulation and measured values the UWB-BPF are compared. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 157-164 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: insertion loss; return loss; square resonator; ultra-wideband filter; UWB. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:157-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Lovelin Auguskani Author-X-Name-First: P. Lovelin Author-X-Name-Last: Auguskani Author-Name: V. Sreedevi Author-X-Name-First: V. Author-X-Name-Last: Sreedevi Author-Name: Jerlin Priya Author-X-Name-First: Jerlin Author-X-Name-Last: Priya Title: An analysis of commitment among college teachers Abstract: The study 'An analysis of commitment among college teachers' was carried out in Nagercoil at Kanyakumari District. The study helps to understand the commitment level of college teachers. The study was conducted with a sample size of 158 teaching staff, and data has been collected through questionnaire. This research paper is analysed with primary data which was collected through convenience sampling techniques. This study investigated the commitment among college teachers. The findings from the analysis indicated that the level of organisational commitment is high among the college teachers in Nagercoil at Kanyakumari District. One-way analysis is used to find variance between the category of appointment and the three commitments level (affective, continuance and normative) and find variance between the designation and commitment. Majority of government aided respondents have high level of affective and normative commitment while self-finance respondents have high level of continuance commitment. Assistant professors have high level of affective and continuance commitments, while associate professors are having high level of normative commitment. In order to maintain this level, the management should take various initiatives which will motivate the faculty to remain committed towards their job and responsibilities. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 165-176 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: affective; continuance; normative; education; teachers; commitment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:165-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Prabakaran Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Prabakaran Author-Name: K. Naresh Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Naresh Author-Name: R. Kannadasan Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Kannadasan Author-Name: K. Sainikhil Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Sainikhil Title: LiFi-based smart systems for industrial monitoring Abstract: Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is an unfolding technology which can be used to transfer data through light. It is a complete transformation to the world of wireless data transfer. Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh, UK termed and introduced light fidelity to world through the global talk show in which he demonstrated of a Li-Fi prototype at the <i>TED Global Conference</i> in Edinburgh on 12 July 2011. Challenging the pre-existing data transfer model namely the wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) on various parameters such as speed, safety, reliability eco-friendliness and efficiency. The light emitting diode in a Li-Fi system is the source of data transfer utilising visible light as medium of communication. This can provide greater download capacity in comparison to the existing wired or wireless networks due to higher bandwidth of light. With such high potential every electronic day to day use commodity that has role of light over it can be thought of to be used as an internet accesses point. Since it cannot penetrate through walls, they have short range but are highly secure in the confinement of the surrounding in comparison to Wi-Fi and overcome the radio frequency bandwidth availability issues in the near future. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 177-184 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: bandwidth light emitting diode; light fidelity; visible light communication; VLC; wireless fidelity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:177-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Bhuvaneshwari Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Bhuvaneshwari Author-Name: A. Nagaraja Rao Author-X-Name-First: A. Nagaraja Author-X-Name-Last: Rao Title: Product recommendation system using optimal switching hybrid algorithm Abstract: The recommendation system works as a heart in the business strategy of e-commerce. By employing various techniques and methods it recommends the desirable items to the user. Recent studies suggest by applying proper methods the accuracy of the recommendation can be improved. Traditional techniques like collaborative filtering face the cold start problem, so in this paper, we propose an optimal switching hybrid approach (OSHA) to overcome the issue. Here, K-nearest neighbour algorithm is used to predict the similar kind of users and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the standalone technique. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 185-204 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: e-commerce; collaborative filtering; cold start problem; optimal switching hybrid approach; OSHA; K-nearest neighbour. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:185-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sk Mahmudul Hassan Author-X-Name-First: Sk Mahmudul Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Author-Name: Arnab Kumar Maji Author-X-Name-First: Arnab Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Maji Title: Comparison of automated leaf recognition techniques Abstract: Plant plays an important role in different ways in human life and atmosphere. There are large numbers of plant species in the world. Plant species plays a vital role in many domains such as preventing some of the diseases, farming, environment, discovery of new drug and other related areas. Recognition of plant species without expert understanding is a huge task. There has been great demand for applying automatic computer vision technologies to increase botanical knowledge. Using leaf features and traits, the classification and identification of plant is carried out. Leaf features like shape, texture and venation are the features most frequently used to differentiate the plant species. Different methodologies are there to extract the feature and to classify the leaf images using a classifier. In this paper we are going to discuss on different leaf recognition approaches along with feature extraction methods and their performances. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 205-214 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: artificial neural network; ANN; convolution neural network; CNN deep learning; probabilistic neural network; PNN; support vector machine; SVM. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:205-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Deeba Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Deeba Author-Name: RA.K. Saravanaguru Author-X-Name-First: RA.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Saravanaguru Title: A detailed study on context-aware architectures in internet of things Abstract: Internet of things (IoT) is used to get the data around the world at your fingertip. As we move towards IoT the role of sensors has become vital. These sensors generate a vast amount of data. Sensors are used to sense and collects parallel information from the given set. We propose context-aware for IoT architectures which computerise the task. In this paper, we will discuss about the architecture of context-aware, IoT and context-aware reasoning. The principal objective of this paper is to audit existing architecture identified with context-aware and IoT and to make the comparative analysis table. The principal point is to enable the clients to present the issues and our proposed design enhances and delivers important information. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 215-238 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: context-aware; internet of things; IoT; middleware; context reasoning; nature inspired algorithm; middleware architecture. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:215-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Prathap Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Prathap Author-Name: R. Mohanasundaram Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Mohanasundaram Title: Enhancing security by two-way decryption of message passing of EMR in public cloud Abstract: Encryption is one of the most critical and mandatory technique to provide security in outsourced data. Message passing is the most unsecure place of transfer of crucial information and these messages passing are made end-to-end encryption to avoid a centralised security agent to access the data. Existing methods of encryption only provide end-to-end encryption which is not feasible for certain situations like implementing authentication. When the end-to-end encryption is made, the messages are always not known to the central authentication agent like CBI, in this paper, we provide a two-side decryption algorithm that can be decrypted by two entities (one receiver and the other is the central authentication agent) thus improving the message passing security by allowing the centralised authentication agent to read the transferring words. We implemented this two-way decryption in trip database dataset, and the experiment results prove that our proposed algorithm improves the security of message passing of electronic medical records in public cloud while comparing with existing encryption algorithms. Thus we made with quantitative research based on the previous techniques compared based on the various types of key generation occurs in the algorithms. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 239-250 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: cloud; electronic medical record; EMR; encryption; decryption; authentication; authorisation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114505 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:239-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amitabha Nath Author-X-Name-First: Amitabha Author-X-Name-Last: Nath Author-Name: Amos Bortiew Author-X-Name-First: Amos Author-X-Name-Last: Bortiew Author-Name: Goutam Saha Author-X-Name-First: Goutam Author-X-Name-Last: Saha Title: Change detection in Landsat 8 imagery using object-based image analysis with particle swarm optimisation Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of classification of hyperspectral remote sensing image and detection of any changes in the land use pattern using it. Traditional pixel-based classification approaches often fail to achieve acceptable accuracy in classifying Landsat images because of its complexity. Therefore, the present work aims to apply object-based image analysis (OBIA), which is a concept that combines segmentation and classification together into one unit. We propose a hybrid OBIA architecture, augmented with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique to fine tune different hyperparameters involved with it. We present its success on a classification problem where two sets of Landsat-8 images captured in the year 2016 and 2017 are considered as input and OBIA is applied for classifying the images into four major land use classes and detect any changes in these classes over a period of time. The results are then compared with best pixel-based classification approach known as random forest (RF) classifier to determine its effectiveness in classification of hyperspectral images. Statistical measures like precision, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient are used as a parameter for comparison. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 251-266 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: Landsat 8 image; RF; object based-image analysis; OBIA; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; changed detection; accuracy assessment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114506 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:251-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Vaishnavi Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Vaishnavi Author-Name: J. Karthikeyan Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Karthikeyan Author-Name: Kiran Yarrakula Author-X-Name-First: Kiran Author-X-Name-Last: Yarrakula Title: An analytical hierarchical process-based weighted assessment of factors contributing precipitation Abstract: The analytical hierarchical process is a prioritising algorithm used in the field of multi-criteria decision-making system. AHP has a special capability to handle intangible criteria, this exclusive nature strengthened its popularity. In this work, AHP is exercised to prioritise parameters that contribute to precipitation. Precipitation is any form of water that reaches the earth surface from the atmosphere such as rain, dew, snow, etc. Recent research consider precipitation as one of the crucial phenomena of climate change and lots of modelling techniques are proposed to predict precipitation using varied parameters. The significance of the study is to address minor fallout of AHP in rank reversal and uncertainty in ranking the given parameters, by attempting to prioritise six basic climatic parameters such as maximum temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, solar radiation and elevation, which are considered to contribute precipitation. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 267-277 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: analytical hierarchical processing; AHP; precipitation; climatic factors affecting precipitation; multi-criteria decision-making algorithm. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114507 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:267-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Chitra Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Chitra Author-Name: M. Mary Shanthi Rani Author-X-Name-First: M. Mary Shanthi Author-X-Name-Last: Rani Title: A hybrid medical image coding based on block truncation coding and residual vector quantisation Abstract: The advancement of medical field has witnessed tremendous growth with state of the art imaging technologies for accurate diagnosis, which in turn demands efficient storage of medical images. Further enhance the image quality RVQ is implemented in the proposed method. The proposed work aims at developing an effective algorithm for compressing medical images exploiting the advantages of block truncation coding (BTC) and residual vector quantisation (RVQ). The advantage of the block truncation coding (BTC) is twofold: 1) it is simple to implement; 2) involves less computational complexity. RVQ is used to enhance the quality further. In the proposed method, the input image is compressed using BTC in the first phase. The residual error out of first phase is subjected to RVQ in the second phase. The novel feature of the proposed method is the adaptive procedure of RVQ based on the variance of residual vectors. High variant residual vectors are subject to vector quantisation and low variant vectors to scalar quantisation respectively. Furthermore, the residual values are normalised to positive values, so as to preserve their sign, before quantisation. Experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of compression metrics. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 278-287 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: block truncation coding; BTC; residual vector quantisation; RVQ; image compression. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114508 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:278-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kishore Sanapala Author-X-Name-First: Kishore Author-X-Name-Last: Sanapala Author-Name: S.V.V. Satyanarayana Author-X-Name-First: S.V.V. Author-X-Name-Last: Satyanarayana Author-Name: R. Sakthivel Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Sakthivel Title: Near-zero computing using NCFET for IoT applications Abstract: The energy consumption of the devices or circuits built on the IoT's is becoming a significant concern with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology scaling. To reduce energy consumption, supply voltage (V<SUB align="right"><SMALL>DD</SMALL></SUB>) scaling has proved to be an effective technique with near-threshold/subthreshold computations depicting the endpoint of voltage scaling. This paper discusses how the near-zero computing (NZC) is achieved by scaling the <i>V<SUB align="right"><SMALL>DD</SMALL></SUB></i> beyond the subthreshold regime using the negative capacitance FET (NCFET) to enable IoT with beyond CMOS features. After characterising the NCFET for near zero operation, the basic computational circuits: logic gates and 1-bitfull adder circuit are designed and simulated using NCFET at near-zero <i>V<SUB align="right"><SMALL>DD</SMALL></SUB></i> of 0.1 V. In comparison with the CMOS counterparts, the NCFET logic designs have achieved significant improvements and is found that the NCFET logic results in more than 54%, 68%, 85%, and 95% savings in power, delay, energy, and EDP respectively. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 288-295 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: complementary metal oxide semiconductor; CMOS; energy; internet of thing; IoT; NCFET; near-zero computing; NZC. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114514 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:288-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Subhas Chandra Sahana Author-X-Name-First: Subhas Chandra Author-X-Name-Last: Sahana Author-Name: Sangeeta Mashahary Author-X-Name-First: Sangeeta Author-X-Name-Last: Mashahary Author-Name: Bubu Bhuyan Author-X-Name-First: Bubu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhuyan Author-Name: Somen Debnath Author-X-Name-First: Somen Author-X-Name-Last: Debnath Title: A key-escrow free identity-based signature scheme without requirement of a secure channel in the private key issuance phase Abstract: Identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) provides us the simplest key management procedures over traditional public key cryptosystem (PKC) as it eliminates the need for certificates of PKC. Hence, no certificate management activities are involved in IBC. However, there are two major drawbacks with the identity-based cryptosystem. One is the key-escrow problem and the other one is the necessity of a channel which is secure for the transmission of the private key, generated by a trusted centre called key generation centre (KGC). In this work, we propose an identity-based signature scheme, fitted in an existing established variant IBC model. The proposed scheme avoids the necessity of the secure channel as well as it is key-escrow free. The proposed scheme is constructed using bilinear pairings and based on the blinding-binding technique. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 296-305 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: identity-based cryptosystem; IBC; digital signature; key escrow problem; bilinear pairings; blinding-binding technique; key generation centre; KGC. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114515 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:2/3:p:296-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kalaivani Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kalaivani Author-Name: Bimal Kumar Ray Author-X-Name-First: Bimal Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Title: A new dominant point detection technique for polygonal approximation of digital planar closed curves Abstract: On the visual perception, the real-world objects are the collection of irregular polygons. Representation and understanding the irregular polygon is an interesting and major task in various research areas. However, an approximation of the polygon is quite complex and challenging in different views. In this paper, a new approximation algorithm is proposed to represent the irregular polygon. Using centroid most of the weak points are suppressed and elimination of noise is integrated to produce better results. Iterative insertion of the dominant point is followed with suppression until the required approximation. The proposed method detects the dominant points which have a high impact on the shape and suppress the weak points. The obtained approximated polygon is with fewer vertices/points and retain the original shape with less approximation error. The experiments of the proposed algorithm are conducted using MPEG shape datasets to show its performance both in quantitative and qualitative aspect. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 44-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: irregular polygon; collinear points; dominant point; local deviation; global deviation; distortion error; split; merge; polygonal approximation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:44-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepa Karuppaiah Author-X-Name-First: Deepa Author-X-Name-Last: Karuppaiah Author-Name: P.M. Durai Raj Vincent Author-X-Name-First: P.M. Durai Raj Author-X-Name-Last: Vincent Title: Word sense disambiguation in Tamil using Indo-WordNet and cross-language semantic similarity Abstract: Word sense disambiguation is the way to compute the correct sense of a word. It is considered as one of the important subtasks in natural language processing, machine translation and information retrieval. WSD found improving the overall performances of these systems. The job of WSD is to eliminate all senses of a word except the appropriate one as per the given context. The work in Tamil linguistics domain for information retrieval or natural language processing is very less. WSD can be performed in supervised and unsupervised manner. Here, we have proposed an unsupervised approach to disambiguate Tamil words in a given context using the context words and their dictionary gloss definitions. We have proposed two variants of our approach. The first approach uses the number of word overlapping between the glosses of context words whereas the second one uses the similarity between the glosses of context words with that of the ambiguous word. The second one found best among the two. For our approach, we have used Tamil Indo-WordNet, Oxford Tamil Dictionary and English WordNet dictionary glosses. Our method achieves better result in recognising correct senses in Tamil text. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 62-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: word sense disambiguation; WSD; natural language processing; Tamil WSD; cross-language similarity; gloss vector measure; Indo-WordNet; information retrieval. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112320 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:62-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H-C. Pham Author-X-Name-First: H-C. Author-X-Name-Last: Pham Title: Factors influencing the consumer buying behaviour in the competitive era: an empirical study of consumer durable in Vietnam Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the variables influencing the consumer buying behaviour. This study is descriptive in which survey method has been used to collect the data. Survey approach is suitable in an empirical research which is based on cross-sectional data. The sample size of 588 customers has been taken in the study to derive conclusions. The response rate was 68%. The data analysis has been done with the help of exploratory factor analysis and multiple regressions. The study finds that the constructs representing antecedents of consumer buying behaviour such as country of origin, cultural and environmental factors, in-store promotion and handling and personal factors have a significant impact on consumer buying behaviour. The consumer buying behaviour, as a dependent variable is significantly influenced by the above mentioned four independent variables. The four independent variables explain around 82% of the consumer buying behaviour. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 74-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: consumer buying behaviour; multiple regression; competitive era; exploratory factor analysis; EFA; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112322 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:74-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashutosh Kolte Author-X-Name-First: Ashutosh Author-X-Name-Last: Kolte Author-Name: Ameya Patil Author-X-Name-First: Ameya Author-X-Name-Last: Patil Author-Name: Hoshiar Mal Author-X-Name-First: Hoshiar Author-X-Name-Last: Mal Title: Monetary policy in tough times - case study approach Abstract: Monetary policy is said to be formulated with the three-fold objectives of achieving sustainable growth, keeping inflation within limits and controlling external imbalances. In this paper, we have done a study of such cases wherein the economic environment has been tough in India, and the policy, actions were taken by the central bank of the country during those times, have either, rescued the country from the crisis, or prevented the crisis from hampering Indian economy drastically. By tough, the researchers mean high inflationary conditions, subdued growth or huge external imbalances. These situations are studied and analysed, using a case study approach as a qualitative research tool. A set of right monetary policies, in response to these situations, are accordingly suggested. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 105-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: monetary policy; liquidity; recession; exchange rate system; flexible exchange rate regime; balance of payment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:105-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashutosh Kolte Author-X-Name-First: Ashutosh Author-X-Name-Last: Kolte Author-Name: Hoshiar Mal Author-X-Name-First: Hoshiar Author-X-Name-Last: Mal Author-Name: Mugdha Fulambrikar Author-X-Name-First: Mugdha Author-X-Name-Last: Fulambrikar Author-Name: Aishwarya Jagtap Author-X-Name-First: Aishwarya Author-X-Name-Last: Jagtap Title: Impact of price control on pharmaceutical sector with reference to India Abstract: In India, drug prices are controlled and are commonly known as Drug Price Control Orders (DPCO) issued under the Indian Essential Commodities Act of 1955. It is governed by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy (NPPP) and accordingly, a National List for Essential Medicines (NLEM) was formulated. DPCO is useful for controlling the prices of life-saving drugs that are essential in the current scenario of healthcare and diseases. All the essential drugs are included under DPCO and a ceiling price is formulated. Drug prices cannot exceed the limit stipulated by DPCO. We have studied DPCO and discussed its impact on the pharmaceutical sector. The paper encompasses the brief history of DPCO, its contents, objectives, etc. Effects of DPCO on foreign trade is also analysed in this paper. We have attempted to find the effects of drug price control and its implications on the industry as a whole. We have also attempted to gaze future prospects for the pharmaceutical industry. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 90-104 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: pharmaceutical industry; price control; drug pricing; pricing policy; bulk drugs; exports; wholesaler margin; essential drugs; healthcare; Drug Price Control Orders; DPCO; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:90-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Prabhakar Rajkumar Author-X-Name-First: K. Prabhakar Author-X-Name-Last: Rajkumar Title: The evaluation pattern of Indian investors on role of stockbrokers to determination of investment decision Abstract: In India, during 1995-1996, equity turnover on BSE was 50,064 Cr. and it was increased to 854,845 Cr. during 2014-2015. It shows the increase in the transaction in the stock market. The share brokers are helpful to investor for investing in the various financial instruments in the market and guide for the safety investment in current and future. With this background, this study examined the awareness of investors towards stockbrokers and behaviour of individual investors towards stockbrokers. Also the study includes the style of investment of individual investors, the reason for changing the stockbrokers and at which stage, individual investors are depending on stockbroker for investment decision. This study conducted in Mumbai city and primary data was used. Many investors are aware about stockbroker functions, but 100% literacy towards stockbroker is not there in the Mumbai city. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 18-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: individual investors; stockbroker; stock market; investment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:18-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Avulapalli Jayaram Reddy Author-X-Name-First: Avulapalli Jayaram Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy Author-Name: B.K. Tripathy Author-X-Name-First: B.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Tripathy Title: Topological properties of multigranular rough sets on intuitionistic fuzzy approximation spaces Abstract: Two of the extensions of the basic rough set model introduced by Pawlak in 1982 is the rough sets on fuzzy approximation spaces introduced by De et al. in 2003 and its extension rough sets on intuitionistic fuzzy approximation spaces in 2006 by Tripathy. The model of Tripathy is dependent upon an intuitionistic fuzzy proximity relation. In an attempt to handle multiple granulations simultaneously two types of multigranulations called the optimistic and pessimistic multigranulation were introduced by Qian et al. in 2006 and 2010 respectively. The notion of multigranular rough sets over intuitionistic fuzzy approximation spaces were introduced by Tripathy et al. in 2018. Topological properties of rough sets, introduced by Pawlak have been studied extensively for different types of rough sets by Tripathy et al. Continuing this, here we introduce and study the concept of topological properties of multigranular rough sets on intuitionistic fuzzy approximation spaces. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 1-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: rough set; intuitionistic fuzzy set; intuitionistic fuzzy approximation space; topological properties; types of rough set. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112326 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:1-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bhabani Mallia Author-X-Name-First: Bhabani Author-X-Name-Last: Mallia Author-Name: Chakradhar Das Author-X-Name-First: Chakradhar Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Manjula Das Author-X-Name-First: Manjula Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Srikanta Patnaik Author-X-Name-First: Srikanta Author-X-Name-Last: Patnaik Title: A new approach to multi-objective transportation problem forbinding relationship between warehouse to consumer and consumer to consumer Abstract: A special type of multi-objective transportation problem with emphasis on consumer to consumer relationship is presented. The objective is to minimise total transportation cost along with source to consumer and consumer to consumer association/relationship in vicinity of the source. A lexicographical goal programming model has been applied. Two phase approach has been made. In the first phase the total transportation cost is minimised. In the second phase, overall independence value of the consumer to consumer association/relation is minimised. This model can give a better result than a single objective transportation model. That is because the source to consumer association/relationship is considered in the first priority to get the lowest cost and the vicinity of consumers in the periphery of the source. In the second priority grouping is made for consumers to be served in the same warehouse, provided the capacity of the source is sufficient to meet the consumer's demand. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 29-43 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: transportation problem; multi-objective; lexicographic goal programming; consumer to consumer relationship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:29-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vinothkanna Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Vinothkanna Author-Name: T. Vijayakumar Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Vijayakumar Author-Name: N. Prabakaran Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Prabakaran Title: High performance inventive system for gait automation and detection of physically disabled persons Abstract: Physically challenged persons may face many difficulties in the present modern environment as most of the commercial facilities and utilities for a day to day life is designed for normal people to lead a sophisticated life. Particularly, people with physically disabilities face struggles in escalators in malls and public transportation places. It is very difficult for the disabled individual to be identified as one among in a large crowd and they normally feel unconformable to step inside in a running escalator. This research work proposes a novel method to identify the physically challenged persons from a large crowd by their nature of legs, walking pattern and hand sticks and provide necessary preference for them to get inside the escalators. Gait automation and detection mechanism is used for person identification for all gait events and deep learning-based neural network (DNN) is used for learning the patterns and making the system to automatically identify the physically challenged. Experimental results show that the proposed system automatically measures all the angle of gait events with an accuracy level of 95.4% and thus offers a cost effective solution for gait kinematic analysis for disabled peoples. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 309-322 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: physically disabled; gait; deep learning neural network; DLNN. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:309-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chintureena Thingom Author-X-Name-First: Chintureena Author-X-Name-Last: Thingom Author-Name: Ganesh Kumar R Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: R Title: Optimising QoS with load balancing in cloud computing applying dual fuzzy technique Abstract: Cloud computing has become a necessity when the internet usage has increased drastically. This research paper objective is to optimise quality of service in cloud computing using dual fuzzy technique. With the competition to provide the best quality service at cloud data centre, we are analysing the parameters of average response time, average completion time, average CPU utilisation and job success. Cloud-sim simulator along with the mathematical model is used to provide reliable and valid result. To achieve the best result, the load in data centre needs to be efficiently distributed, so that it is managed to process maximum service requests with the best service response time and very few failures. In this paper, we applied dual fuzzy technique for the load balancing in the cloud data centre and the findings were extensive and support the proposed technique. With this technique, cloud computing service provider can provide better quality service. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 323-341 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: cloud computing; dual fuzzy; quality of service; cloud-sim; load balancing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:323-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kishore Kumar Author-X-Name-First: K. Kishore Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Movva Pavani Author-X-Name-First: Movva Author-X-Name-Last: Pavani Title: Design of master controller test kit for the railway diesel locomotives Abstract: In the present paper, a master controller test kit for the diesel locomotives is designed, developed and the prototype is tested. Master controller test kit is used by the locomotive driver to drive the engine which is a human-machine interface which primarily performs three essential functions such as controlling the regression, progression, and locomotive braking. Stick type master controller is a modular based compact design which is crew friendly for smooth operation and comfort. In the proposed model, the operation of solenoids is indicated by LEDs, and dynamic braking is shown by digital voltmeter for measuring the drop across braking control pot (BKCP) coil. By using this test stand, a layman can also check the master controller in the section itself which saves staff-hours and most significantly loco downtime. The tested prototype is economical, and its performance is comparable with the existing microcontroller based master controllers. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 342-365 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: diesel locomotive; throttle handle; reverser handle; master controller testing kit; directional handle; dynamic brake handle. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:342-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roopa Jayasingh Author-X-Name-First: Roopa Author-X-Name-Last: Jayasingh Author-Name: Remus Dominic D'mello Author-X-Name-First: Remus Dominic Author-X-Name-Last: D'mello Author-Name: Abhishek Soren Author-X-Name-First: Abhishek Author-X-Name-Last: Soren Author-Name: Ankit Alex Hansdak Author-X-Name-First: Ankit Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Hansdak Author-Name: Bidyut Mondal Author-X-Name-First: Bidyut Author-X-Name-Last: Mondal Title: Study paper on internet of things and its utilised protocols with application Abstract: The people of the 21st century have now entered a new era of computing technology which is known by a very common name: the internet of things (IoT). Although it is also known by certain other names, like machine to machine, internet of everything and many more, one thing common in this technology is that it is happening in real time and has got quite a potential to shape the future of computer technology in the coming days. IoT is basically a paradigm which generally consists of interactive smart machines which communicate with other smart machines, resulting into generation of informative data which are used to produce necessary actions that controls and command things hence making our day-to-day life a lot simpler. The following thesis is an extensive reference to the utilities, applications and possibilities of the IoT. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 366-376 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: internet of things; IoT; message queuing telemetry transport; constrained application protocol; XMPP; asynchronous messaging; open system intercommunication; OSI. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:366-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharon Christa Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Christa Author-Name: V. Suma Author-X-Name-First: V. Author-X-Name-Last: Suma Title: A systematic analysis of defects, incidents, tickets and service effort estimation Abstract: The delivery of quality software remains the primary focus of any software industry. Quality can be achieved through reduction of defects during the pre-deployment phase. However, software maintenance which is a post deployment phase aims to resolve the issues and requests raised by the customer termed as service maintenance. A survey on defect management during pre-production and at the maintenance phase along with a case study and analysis on real time data is presented. The vital role played by ticket analytics in the service maintenance and information about incidents logged by clients on different domains for different parameters and their relationships are analysed. Further, an insight on the significance of effective management of ticket analytics during the maintenance phase as well as throws light on relationships that exist between various parameters when incidents are logged. That enables the project team to formulate effective maintenance strategies to uphold quality and customer satisfaction. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 377-396 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: defect detection; software maintenance as a service; incident; ticket analytics; service request effort; application management service; time to resolve; IT service management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117985 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:377-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Balaji K. Bodkhe Author-X-Name-First: Balaji K. Author-X-Name-Last: Bodkhe Author-Name: Sanjay Sood Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Sood Title: Prediction of disease using fuzzy random forest Abstract: The learning approach is basically used for classification of different data into clusters. Basically, semi supervised learning has been used worldwide to classify the labelled as well as unlabeled data. The dataset sometimes may be in mixed features that may consist of both numeric and categorical type of data. In these two types, data may differ in their characteristics. Due to the differences in their characteristics, in order to group these types of mixed data, it is better to use the ensemble clustering method which uses split and merge approach to solve this problem. This research work carried out the original mixed dataset and is categorised into numeric dataset and categorical dataset and clustered using both traditional clustering algorithms and fuzzy clustering algorithms using random subspace approach called as fuzzy random forest (FRF). The resultant clusters are combined using ensemble clustering methods and evaluated by both f-measure and entropy measure. It is found that splitting is more beneficial and applying fuzzy clustering algorithms provides better results than traditional clustering algorithms. The system was tested on Hadoop multi node cluster environment as well as traditional environment. The hybrid genetic algorithm is used for optimisation. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 397-406 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: genetic algorithm; fuzzy random forest; FRF; fuzzy clustering algorithms. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:397-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Swapna B. Sasi Author-X-Name-First: Swapna B. Author-X-Name-Last: Sasi Author-Name: R. Santhosh Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Santhosh Title: Energy-aware hybrid optimisation algorithm for wireless sensor networks Abstract: The wireless sensor networks, incorporated with very minute, autonomous, highly mobile senor nodes that are powered by battery, has greatly influenced the researchers and has become a promising network in gathering information through sensing in a wide spread range of applications and the areas that are inaccessible to humans. The framing of routing as a counter measure for the challenges incurred in the WSN is once again more arduous and strenuous. The stochastic and the discrete algorithm developed for the cluster head selection with the aim of minimising the energy consumption, resulted with the maximisation of the delay and losses caused by the minimised network lifetime as they faced difficulties in the selection of the head that is optimal, so the paper puts forward an hybrid optimisation algorithm, clubbing the glow-worm and the fruit-fly for selection of the cluster head and further proceeds with the routing using the simple fuzzy rule-based system for enhancing the network lifetime and energy consumption, further improving the quality of the service. The result analysis is performed in the network simulator to evince the performance and the QOS enhancements attained through the proposed system. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 407-423 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: cluster framing; glow-worm; fruity-fly; simple fuzzy rule system; network lifetime; optimisation; energy consumption. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:407-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Salman Ayaz Author-X-Name-First: A. Salman Author-X-Name-Last: Ayaz Author-Name: A. Jaya Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Jaya Author-Name: Zameer Gulzar Author-X-Name-First: Zameer Author-X-Name-Last: Gulzar Title: Multi-kernel learning-based recommender system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system Abstract: Nowadays, the personalised recommendations for a user is mainly build based on users rating. The drawback of online websites is that it presents many choices that result in consuming more time. Also it becomes strenuous for the user to find the right information or product from numerous search results. In this work, a new multi-kernel learning (MKL) is developed for providing the relevant information based on current user behaviour through his/her click stream data without explicitly asking for these data. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach is used for detecting the victor's stream of data in online sites. This method recommends a browsing option and matches the data to a specific user group that meet the requirements of a particular user at the required time. The experimental results reveal that the proposed MKL-ANFIS recommendation system (RS) improved the accuracy and coverage values approximately 3-4% compared to the traditional methods such as fuzzy C-means (FCM), enhanced graph-based partitioning (EGBP) algorithm and C-means and centre of gravity (CM % COG). Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 424-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system; ANFIS; data mining; multi-kernel learning; MKL; recommender system. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117988 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:424-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B.N. Shwetha Author-X-Name-First: B.N. Author-X-Name-Last: Shwetha Author-Name: Jasma Balasangameshwara Author-X-Name-First: Jasma Author-X-Name-Last: Balasangameshwara Title: Demand-side management in smart electricity grids: a review Abstract: Smart grids are enabling technologies for the functioning of electrical grids and the country's economy. In smart grid networks, managing energy efficiency is an upcoming challenge. The energy is consumed by appliances in the residential sector, even during peak times. It results in wastage of energy up to some extent. Demand-side management (DSM) is a primary concept in the emerging smart grid. Thus, DSM balances vitality utilisation every day utilising various procedures, as it influences every customer's unit cost. This survey highlights different types of DSM and briefs about different approaches of DSM in the residential area. The individual approach of DSM may use a load scheduling algorithm, it can be optimised technique or load shifting algorithm to achieve reduced electricity cost and optimal electricity energy consumption. The advantages of each approach are specified using energy parameters like energy cost, peak load, peak to average ratio, research gap is highlighted with delay, user comfortability. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 436-458 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: demand-side management; DSM; load scheduling; smart electricity grid; residential. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117989 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:436-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucky Donald Lyngdoh Kynshi Author-X-Name-First: Lucky Donald Lyngdoh Author-X-Name-Last: Kynshi Author-Name: Gerard Deepak Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: Deepak Author-Name: A. Santhanavijayan Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Santhanavijayan Title: MagnetOnto: modelling and evaluation of standardised domain ontologies for magnetic materials as a prospective domain Abstract: Ontologies are information processing entities that are used for modelling, representing, and reasoning domain knowledge owing to the complexity in the relationship between different terms within a domain, there needs to be a logic in which they are pragmatically related. Ontology modelling is the best strategy to represent conceptual and domain-specific knowledge which makes it feasible for information systems to understand and interpret the relationship between various terms. In this paper, a detailed investigation of magnetic materials as a domain is carried out and the relationship between terms in the domain is represented as machine-interpretable ontological entities. A detailed OWL ontological model that comprises 123 classes with six distinct levels has been proposed. A detailed qualitative analysis using a semiotic approach using several parameters and quantitative analysis has been carried out. MagnetOnto is strictly a concept-oriented ontology with minimum deviations from the parent domain. An overall reuse ratio of 95.1% has been achieved by MagnetOnto, which makes this a best-in-class and also the first ontology to model magnetic materials. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 459-475 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: antiferromagnetic; conceptual modelling; diamagnetic; dipole moment; domain ontologies; informatics physics; magnetisation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117990 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:459-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Shahul Hammed Author-X-Name-First: S. Shahul Author-X-Name-Last: Hammed Author-Name: B. Arunkumar Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Arunkumar Title: Multi-level security model for privacy preserving in the cloud workflow scheduling Abstract: The traditional security provisioning is concentrating on the authentication of all the data that are critical or no critical results in the increase in computational time and cost. Further, the methods of security provisioning focusing on the sensitive data alone, evinced minimisation of the computational cost and time, but were liable to the unauthorised attacks, as the single level of security was not enough due to the evolving counter technologies. So the paper proffers the single level security provisioning of the sensitive data, by providing a multi-level security that uses the multiple number of cryptographic process for the privacy preserving in the cloud workflow scheduling, by allowing the multi-level cryptographic process without affecting the quality of service, the computational cost and time. The proffered method is validated in the work NS-2 to evidence the quality of service and the minimisation in the computational cost and the execution time. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 476-491 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: workflow; privacy preserving; cloud computing; quality of service; multi-level cryptographic process; computational cost; execution time. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117991 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:476-491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Siva Krishna Author-X-Name-First: G. Siva Author-X-Name-Last: Krishna Author-Name: N. Prakash Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Prakash Title: A new training approach based on ECOC-SVM for SAR image retrieval Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a high-resolution remote sensing imagery which is used in environment monitoring, earth-resource mapping and military systems. The objective of the paper is to perform the image retrieval of the SAR by using the error correcting code based support vector machine (ECOC-SVM) and denoising of SAR images. The features from the SAR images as texture, colour and shape are extracted by using different techniques such as texture spectrum (TS), grey level difference method (GLDM), scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and hue, saturation, value (HSV) model. The bi orthogonal wavelet transform (BWT) with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is used for optimising the soft threshold for denoising the SAR images. The result is analysed with one existing method named IIRM in terms of average accuracy of proposed the SAR image retrieval and precision 98.438%, 70.31% is high for ocean image compared with the average precision of IIRM method that is 63.5%. Journal: Int. J. of Intelligent Enterprise Pages: 492-517 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2021 Keywords: SAR image retrieval; synthetic aperture radar; SAR; error correcting code based SVM; feature extraction; soft threshold; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; denoising. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117992 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijient:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:492-517