Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dale Putland Author-X-Name-First: Dale Author-X-Name-Last: Putland Author-Name: Neal Ryan Author-X-Name-First: Neal Author-X-Name-Last: Ryan Title: Professional specialist networks: the key to policy success Abstract: Public policy literature identifies policy networks as a significant contributor to the formulation, implementation and evaluation of government policies. However, policy work involves a broad spectrum of policy actors, operating at different levels and in different parts of government. This paper argue that middle and junior-ranking technical officers within agencies, such as land-use planners, transport engineers, environmental scientists, health professionals and other professional specialists, have an important role in developing policy implementation strategies and in formulating new policies. While many professional specialists rely heavily on networks to assist in policy work, the use of networks is not universal and varies widely amongst policy actors. This paper uses accounts of professional specialists that were collected during case study research to examine some of the aspects/elements which make policy networks effective within the public service, and calls for more research into this previously neglected area aimed at getting the balance between technical content specialists and policy specialists. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 105-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: policy; networks; networking. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:105-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrizia Di Tullio Author-X-Name-First: Patrizia Di Author-X-Name-Last: Tullio Author-Name: Lara Tarquinio Author-X-Name-First: Lara Author-X-Name-Last: Tarquinio Title: The business model for small and medium-sized enterprises - a systematic literature review Abstract: Academic literature recognises the strategic importance of the business model (BM) for a firm's performance. However, only recently, the BM of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has aroused growing interest in academic research, though a systematic literature review on it is still lacking. This paper fills a gap of the literature proposing a systematic and comprehensive examination of SME's BM and identify potential avenues for future research. Moreover, this study integrates all the aspects of SMEs' BM coherently in a designed conceptual framework. It links them to BM's topics and assists practitioners in assessing and defining the SMEs' BM. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 124-152 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; business model; systematic literature review; SLR; internationalisation; collaboration; innovation; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114572 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:124-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rym Bouderbala Author-X-Name-First: Rym Author-X-Name-Last: Bouderbala Title: Growth dynamics and emotions in limited growth and a non-structured family business group: the case of Tunisia Abstract: The family business (FB) literature highlights two main factors underlying the issue of limited growth: cognitive and emotional. This study aims to understand better the influence of the emotional dimension on the growth dynamics of FBs over time. Based on the founder centrality, this research uses the growth state approach and the component process model from the appraisal theory of emotion, to understand how discrete emotions impact FB's growth decision-making. A qualitative study of six Tunisian founders of 24 non-structured family business (NSFB) groups who deliberately decided to limit growth was conducted. Findings show that the growth dynamic is based on two transition sequences each lasting more than two decades: from the creation to a high growth state, then from a high growth state to a plateaued growth state. Fear, anger and sadness recognition in transitioning to the plateaued growth state indicate the situations that are causing blockages in the founder's ability to achieve his goals, low coping potential and doubts about the future expectations of the NSFB group. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 153-189 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: family business; growth state; plateaued state; emotional dynamic; negative emotions; Tunisia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114573 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:153-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naveed Yasin Author-X-Name-First: Naveed Author-X-Name-Last: Yasin Author-Name: Zeinab Khansari Author-X-Name-First: Zeinab Author-X-Name-Last: Khansari Author-Name: Kaiser Tirmizi Author-X-Name-First: Kaiser Author-X-Name-Last: Tirmizi Title: Exploring the challenges for entrepreneurship business incubator hubs in the United Arab Emirates Abstract: There is a dearth of studies that explore the challenges and experiences among business incubators (BIs), as providers, for their effective performance and operations. An exploratory research design model has been adopted by developing multiple case studies to explore the challenges for BI providers in Dubai (UAE). This study adopts qualitative methods of inquiry through 25 semi-structured interviews with executive members of seven UAE-based BIs. The data were analysed using NVIVO to perform a qualitative thematic analysis (template analysis approach). The findings resulted in the identification of five key thematic areas of challenges, which comprised: 1) financial challenges; 2) market barriers; 3) entrepreneurial infrastructure challenges; 4) socio-cultural barriers; 5) restrictive legislation. The motive-related overlaps between financial challenges and sociocultural barriers were also identified. The results of this research provide initial empirical insights for academics and recommendations for policymakers. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 190-212 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: business incubator; start-up; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; enterprising ecosystem; entrepreneurship; Dubai; United Arab Emirates; UAE. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:2:p:190-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Cervelló Royo Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Cervelló Author-X-Name-Last: Royo Author-Name: Ismael Moya Clemente Author-X-Name-First: Ismael Moya Author-X-Name-Last: Clemente Author-Name: Rosario Perelló-Marín Author-X-Name-First: Rosario Author-X-Name-Last: Perelló-Marín Author-Name: Gabriela Ribes-Giner Author-X-Name-First: Gabriela Author-X-Name-Last: Ribes-Giner Title: Differences in the financial approach to entrepreneurship from a gender perspective Abstract: The economic situation worldwide has led to a global rise in female entrepreneurship. Furthermore, entrepreneurial activity has become very important and is considered fundamental to adopt measures that encourage and correct deficiencies. To this end, the purpose of this work is to study the financing of this venture from a gender perspective by taking a sample of entrepreneurs from a Spanish Mediterranean region. We analysed factors of capital structure, company ownership and funding sources (formal and informal), among other aspects, with a sample of 192 surveyed entrepreneurs. By multivariate analysis techniques, the statistically significant differences that appeared between male and female entrepreneurs were studied. This study is important and might be useful because it provides an overview of the current situation of entrepreneurs and funding sources in not only the studied Mediterranean region, but also in similar Mediterranean and/or Spanish regions. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 46-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: entrepreneurship; gender; finance; capital structure; company ownership; venture; funding sources; region; entrepreneurial activity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=113817 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:46-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guido Migliaccio Author-X-Name-First: Guido Author-X-Name-Last: Migliaccio Author-Name: Maria Fulvia Arena Author-X-Name-First: Maria Fulvia Author-X-Name-Last: Arena Title: Financial performance of Italian tanning manufacturers before, during and after the global crisis Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyse the financial structure of small Italian tanning manufacturers before, during and after the global crisis (2007-2015). Starting from the secondary data on AIDA database, financial ratios (leverage) and margins (margin of treasury, net working capital and fixed asset to equity capital margin) trends have been analysed, for the whole nation and its macro-regions, obtaining summary statistics. The performance has not been affected significantly by the crisis. Nevertheless, they are considerably indebted, even if the risk capital is enough to cover all net fixed assets. There is a good management of net working capital in the face of considerable treasury losses. The tanning manufacturers are mainly localised in the northern and central areas of Italy. The tests of ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer show statistically significant differences between the three macro-areas of the country, with better performances associated with the leather manufacturers localised in central Italy. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 213-246 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: tanning manufacturers; crisis; financial performance; ratio. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117659 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:213-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meena Rambocas Author-X-Name-First: Meena Author-X-Name-Last: Rambocas Author-Name: Dana Hayes-Burke Author-X-Name-First: Dana Author-X-Name-Last: Hayes-Burke Title: Determinants of international readiness among small and medium-sized enterprises in Trinidad and Tobago Abstract: The decision to internationalise is a well-documented area in international marketing, but the determinants of the readiness to internationalise among small and medium-sized enterprises have not been sufficiently examined. Drawing on Tan et al. (2007) model, this paper aims to test the influence of four firm-related characteristics of exposure to stimuli, management attitudinal/psychological commitment, firm resources, and lateral rigidity on readiness to internationalise. Data were collected from a sample of SMEs in Trinidad and Tobago and analysed with confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study also controlled for the effects of firm size, experience and firm type. The results confirm the importance of exposure to export stimuli and firm resources on SMEs readiness to participate in international marketing activities. However, they also show that lateral rigidity and management attitudinal/psychological commitment are not significant determinants. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 247-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: international readiness; SMEs; internationalisation; international business; export stimuli; lateral rigidity; attitudinal and psychological commitment; resources; Trinidad and Tobago. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117667 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:247-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Husam Arman Author-X-Name-First: Husam Author-X-Name-Last: Arman Author-Name: Mohammad Ramadhan Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Author-X-Name-Last: Ramadhan Title: Critical success factors for small and medium-sized enterprises in resource-rich country context Abstract: High-growth small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to local economies progress and social prosperity. This paper investigates the critical success factors of the high value-added SMEs that demonstrate high growth despite a challenging and non-conducive business environment in a resource-rich country like Kuwait. The multiple case studies analysis showed that the critical success factors of the selected enterprises in Kuwait include high performing employees, focus on market niche, leadership skills, strategic alignment, and innovation. The positive workplace culture, which promotes innovation, enabled the firms to prosper despite the lack of formal innovation strategies and processes. The paper concludes by recommending strategies to promote high value-added SMEs in Kuwait. These include developing SMEs innovation policies, strengthening SMEs networking, and designing growth programs that can help upgrade SMEs innovation capabilities. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 299-316 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; critical success factors; innovation; resource-rich countries; business environment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117674 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:299-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rocío Ruiz-Martínez Author-X-Name-First: Rocío Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Martínez Author-Name: Katherina Kuschel Author-X-Name-First: Katherina Author-X-Name-Last: Kuschel Author-Name: Inmaculada Pastor Author-X-Name-First: Inmaculada Author-X-Name-Last: Pastor Title: A contextual approach to women's entrepreneurship in Latin America: impacting research and public policy Abstract: The field of 'women in entrepreneurship' is growing attention from public policy and academia. However, the literature has been dominated by models and frameworks that were developed mostly in developed economies with a set of particular characteristics that do not match the Latin American reality. This conceptual paper identifies five contextual conditions to consider while analysing women's entrepreneurship in Latin America compared to the Northern Hemisphere: 1) high rates of women's entrepreneurship; 2) high rates of informality; 3) traditional culture and self-expression; 4) low rates of innovation-based ventures; 5) developing ecosystems. We discuss how these contextual conditions interact with the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis. Finally, both a research agenda and a public agenda are suggested. This article calls for a Latin American research perspective on women entrepreneurs and suggests that promoting women into sustainable entrepreneurship contributes to regional development, impacts economic activity, improves income distribution, reduces poverty and fosters gender equality. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 83-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: women entrepreneurs; entrepreneurial context; regional development; Latin America and the Caribbean; emerging economies; gender equality. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=113835 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:83-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Aggestam Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Aggestam Author-Name: Caroline Wigren-Kristoferson Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Wigren-Kristoferson Title: Entrepreneurship education and gender: the man-made entrepreneur Abstract: As the literature on entrepreneurship education grows, the issue of equality in entrepreneurship education has been raised; i.e., whether students are educated to become entrepreneurs equally. This article provides a critical and thought-provoking analysis of a portfolio of practices that, on the surface, appear to be successful in training entrepreneurs. To this purpose, we initiate a debate on what entrepreneurship education programmes tend to omit. We provide an argument within entrepreneurship scholarship that takes into consideration the diversity and complexity of gender in entrepreneurship. We present an insightful example of what we do in our university classrooms whilst calling for a more encompassing perspective of gender within present-day teaching practice. We acknowledge that academic entrepreneurship education is gendered (Ahl, 2006) and we show how hegemonic masculine-framed foundations of entrepreneurship influence the vocabulary of teaching and learning in Sweden. The paper provides insights into how both teachers and students unluckily, fail to identify the masculinisation of entrepreneurship education. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 5-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: entrepreneurship education; gender; critical theory. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=113837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:5-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Aurélio Dos Santos Author-X-Name-First: Marco Aurélio Dos Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Author-Name: Luiz Paulo Fávero Author-X-Name-First: Luiz Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Fávero Author-Name: Nuno Manoel Martins Dias Fouto Author-X-Name-First: Nuno Manoel Martins Dias Author-X-Name-Last: Fouto Author-Name: Patrícia Belfiore Author-X-Name-First: Patrícia Author-X-Name-Last: Belfiore Author-Name: Rafael De Freitas Souza Author-X-Name-First: Rafael De Freitas Author-X-Name-Last: Souza Title: Determinants of credit access of small and medium enterprises in emerging economies: evidence from the World Bank enterprise surveys Abstract: Credit access has an important role for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to finance their activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of firm, sector and country characteristics in credit access of SMEs in emerging economies. Through data collected from the World Bank enterprise surveys, we study 107,652 observations from 139 countries over the period 2006-2018 and estimate a multilevel logit model, what allows the comparison, in terms of quality of the prediction, with a traditional credit logit model. The results show that country characteristics related to banking sector development and informational credit system are statistically significant. Additionally, informational characteristics of firms play an important role in the probability of having credit access by SMEs. This paper also fills an important methodological gap, since logit models that take into account a multilevel perspective are rarely explored in studies involving credit access of SMEs in emerging economies. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 266-298 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: small and medium enterprises; SMEs; credit access; emerging markets; World Bank enterprise surveys; multilevel logit modelling. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=117677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:3:p:266-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sara Poggesi Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Poggesi Author-Name: Michela Mari Author-X-Name-First: Michela Author-X-Name-Last: Mari Author-Name: Luisa De Vita Author-X-Name-First: Luisa De Author-X-Name-Last: Vita Title: Antecedents and consequences of work-family conflicts: Italian women entrepreneurs' experiences Abstract: This paper aims at unveiling the work-family conflict construct experienced by women entrepreneurs, by testing an all-inclusive model that considers work and family antecedents and consequences of WFC. The study is grounded on Europe and data from 511 Italian women entrepreneurs have been collected mailing a survey of 45 multiple choice questions. Opposing arguments either for the within and cross-domain hypotheses in relation to antecedents, or for the matching and cross-domain hypotheses in relation to the WFC consequences faced by women entrepreneurs have been tested. Findings show that the within-domain hypothesis is supported in relation to the antecedents as well as the matching and the cross-domain hypothesis in relation to the consequences. The contribution of this work is twofold: it enhances the understanding of women entrepreneurs' WFC; and it enriches the still limited and 'US centric' academic literature on the issue by analysing data collected in South Europe. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 26-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: work-family conflict; WFC; work antecedents; family antecedents; women entrepreneurs; satisfaction. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=113869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:26-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: HyunJun Na Author-X-Name-First: HyunJun Author-X-Name-Last: Na Author-Name: Murat Sakir Erogul Author-X-Name-First: Murat Sakir Author-X-Name-Last: Erogul Title: A global review of female entrepreneurial finance Abstract: This study examines the external financing sources and decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across 56 countries and shows how SMEs modify their funding channels in response to economic stage and owner's characteristics. We find that entrepreneurs' personal characteristics including owners' age, gender, and business skills are main determinants for the types of external investor funding available to SMEs. We show that access to external financing for female entrepreneurs is more difficult when they have new technology; moreover, the impact increases significantly in poorer economies. The paper displays at a global scale how SMEs modify their funding channels in response to owner's characteristics such as sex and age. Moreover, it contributes to the literature of female entrepreneurship the connections between gender, age, and economic conditions to the sources of external funding and the decisions female entrepreneurs take in accessing it. Journal: Int. J. of Globalisation and Small Business Pages: 59-82 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2021 Keywords: external finance; gender; investment type; economic status. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=113880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:59-82