Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herbert Rauch Author-X-Name-First: Herbert Author-X-Name-Last: Rauch Title: SYNOPTICS, part X: application of the synoptics model for the social analysis of states: Colombia (1991) and Nigeria (1992) Abstract: Synoptics - a method to diagnose and consult in socio-political conflict situations - is here used to describe and analyse the two conflict situations on the level of states in Colombia 1991 and Nigeria 1992. Several conflict scenarios are described to understand better <i>the political micro</i>, <i>meso and macro scenes</i>. The following case studies are developed along some of the main questions for synoptics social analysis with regard to diagnosing socio-political events: 1) description of focus event; 2) general description of the embedding sovereign social system; 3) description of the agents of the focus event; 4) location of focus event with regard to the level of social systems; 5) 'C'-analysis of the process of the focus event ('C' = common Challenge, and describing the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Omega spaces within the social system; 6) gestalt/general pattern of the conflict, and considerations with respect to the future. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 145-170 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: synoptics method; social analysis; hypotheses; social systems; conflict situations; challenge principle; Colombia; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:145-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herbert Rauch Author-X-Name-First: Herbert Author-X-Name-Last: Rauch Title: SYNOPTICS, part XI: application of the synoptics social analysis to presidential elections and the corona crisis Abstract: This case study (based on the synoptics method explained earlier) tries to show that actual scenarios are able to show the transition of the macro the micro of very recent and prominent events. This election event provides a historically new element in the history of the USA, and even with regard to the human history overall: the whole world comes to see the incredible acts of opposing the official institutions responsible for the presidential transition versus the traditions of transferring administrative power peacefully. The world becomes eye-witness of a former president's behaviour, which - as many think - is partly owed to a specific character, but also to attitudes toward institutions. The side effects are perhaps the most important, namely demonstrating that 'the world has gone global' while the information technology allows almost instantaneous knowledge of important events worldwide - if the interest is global. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 225-235 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: synoptics method; social analysis; social hypotheses; USA; presidential elections; political system; corona crisis; corona management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:225-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paula Piassa Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Piassa Author-Name: Jacques Haruo Fukushigue Jan-Chiba Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Haruo Fukushigue Author-X-Name-Last: Jan-Chiba Author-Name: Rafael Borim-de-Souza Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Borim-de-Souza Title: Just water under the bridge: a Bourdieusian view about Samarco sustainability narrative before and after an ecocide episode Abstract: In this research, we have aimed to interpret, through Bourdieusian sociology, narratives of and referring to Samarco Minerações S.A. on sustainability before and after the ecocide in the city of Mariana, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast of Brazil. We have chosen this mining company because of the Fundão tailings dam on November 5th, 2015. We have done documental research with Samarco's sustainability reports, social media pages and videos from its YouTube official channel, and articles from two Brazilian media communication vehicles – Carta Capital and Estadão. Through narrative analysis, we have found that Samarco's narrative represented a different construction, intended only to hide the harmful effects of destructive development. Carta Capital has implemented a critical narrative regarding the sustainability of Samarco. Estadão has sought to narrate through a bias delimited by the set of sectors of society and by the government and a large part of the Samarco's representative agents. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 23-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: Bourdieusian sociology; sustainability; ecocide; narrative analysis; organisations. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=128638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:1:p:23-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amrapali Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Amrapali Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Author-Name: G. Sreenivasan Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Sreenivasan Author-Name: Vinod Kumar Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Vinod Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Title: Site selection for landfills using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis – a case study of National Capital Territory of Delhi, India Abstract: Landfill site selection in an urban area like National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi is a challenging task due to shortage of suitable land and other environmental, economic and social parameters. This study focusses on the utilisation of geographic information system, open-source libraries and remote sensing for identification of potential landfill sites in Delhi NCT. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and other GIS-based approaches are used for analysing various natural parameters derived using remote sensing satellite data products. Resourcesat LISS-III and Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite data is used for deriving the required parametric layers. Zones in the vicinity of monuments, transport, canals, drainages, lineaments are avoided altogether. Results reveal overall, most suitable places for landfill site in study area is around 4.05 sq. km (0.27%), moderately suitable places are 14.68 sq. km (0.98%), least suitable places are 25.46 sq. km (1.71%) and not suitable places is 1,419.11 sq. km (95.62%). Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 1-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: geographic information system; GIS; multi-criteria decision analysis; MCDA; Geospatial Data Abstraction Library; GDAL; open-source libraries; Delhi NCT; remote sensing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=128639 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:1:p:1-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Heinze Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Heinze Author-Name: Nathan Heinze Author-X-Name-First: Nathan Author-X-Name-Last: Heinze Title: Sustainability practices and promotion: websites of large US companies, part II Abstract: In recent years, both stakeholders and casual observers have required increasing amounts of social involvement from companies. Companies can no longer exclusively rely on quality products/services to generate goodwill. Rather, companies must also present themselves as socially conscious. Environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) is a major component of this presentation. However, the importance that stakeholders ascribe to ECSR efforts differs across industries. To strategically develop and market ECSR initiatives, companies must understand the relative importance and extent of ECSR programs and signalling within their given industries. The current study completes a 13-year longitudinal review of ECSR initiatives and website-based signalling across all Standard % Poor's 500 companies. Results indicate that companies across all industries have increased their ECSR and signalling efforts. However, differences exist across industries. The paper highlights these differences and concludes with guidelines for developing and signalling ECSR initiatives that reflect or exceed industry norms. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 46-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: environmental sustainability; corporate websites; impression management; Standard % Poor's 500. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=128642 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:1:p:46-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rasaq Adekunle Olabomi Author-X-Name-First: Rasaq Adekunle Author-X-Name-Last: Olabomi Author-Name: A. Bakar Jaafar Author-X-Name-First: A. Bakar Author-X-Name-Last: Jaafar Title: The techno-economics of growing high-value temperate crops under controlled soil temperature on tropical climate lowland Abstract: Demand for high-value temperate fruits and vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, and berries have increased with population growth despite decrease in available space for cultivation due to urbanisation. These crops particularly grow well under low soil temperature, hence their cultivation pose huge challenge in the hot tropics except on a few cool highlands and via greenhouse farming. Outputs from these methods are always complemented with importation to meet the demand. Studies have however shown that low soil temperature gives the right conditions for microbes that promote development of these crops. This study presents application of solar thermal chilled water for agricultural soil cooling, and the economic analysis of the cooling process. The analytical and experimental models show the cooling process is technically feasible. However, to ascertain its financial viability, additional scenarios with 1 kW, 5 kW and 10 kW cooling capacities were analysed together with the experimental size of the developed system of cooling. This shows that the viability of the system improves from 5 kW cooling capacity. In addition to all other widely cultivated crops, implementation of the proposed system would promote local production of temperate crops hence diminish heavy reliance on importation of these crops in tropical climate countries and enhance food security. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 89-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: soil cooling load; low-grade heat; temperate crops; financial viability; greenhouse gas emission reduction. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=128643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:1:p:89-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Xhindole Author-X-Name-First: Chiara Author-X-Name-Last: Xhindole Author-Name: Lara Tarquinio Author-X-Name-First: Lara Author-X-Name-Last: Tarquinio Title: Climate change reporting: a systematic literature review Abstract: Climate change is one of the most crucial issues with implications for the natural environment, communities, economies, and companies worldwide. In particular, companies are subject to growing pressures to communicate their climate risks, carbon mitigation initiatives, achievements, and opportunities. This paper thus explores the status of the research on climate change reporting and future research perspectives through a systematic literature review of 80 articles published in influential accounting and management journals from 2015 to 2021. Our overview demonstrates that since climate change reporting is mainly voluntary, the lack of universally recognised standards and guidelines makes it difficult to compare research. Several drivers affect climate change reporting, while companies have to identify, manage, and report their climate-related risks to establish mitigation actions. This review therefore highlights specific opportunities to integrate and expand the existing climate change reporting knowledge, offering new insights for future research. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 60-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: climate change reporting; GHG emissions; carbon reporting; voluntary disclosure; climate risk; systematic literature review. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=128644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:1:p:60-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shoaib Muhammad Author-X-Name-First: Shoaib Author-X-Name-Last: Muhammad Author-Name: Fatima Kauser Author-X-Name-First: Fatima Author-X-Name-Last: Kauser Author-Name: Arsalan Raza Author-X-Name-First: Arsalan Author-X-Name-Last: Raza Author-Name: Ishtiaq Hassan Author-X-Name-First: Ishtiaq Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Author-Name: Shahmir Janjua Author-X-Name-First: Shahmir Author-X-Name-Last: Janjua Title: Application of system dynamics for the sustainable management of solid waste in urban areas of Pakistan Abstract: Environmental problems, especially related to solid waste management, are a growing concern for every developing country, including Pakistan. Rapid population growth has significantly increased the levels of solid waste pollution, and the situation continues to worsen with every passing day. The technical, financial, environmental, and social elements involved in the management of solid waste systems are interconnected, resulting in several interacting feedback loops, thus making solid waste management a complex and dynamic problem. This research aims to develop an integrated system dynamics (SD) framework for the sustainable management of solid waste. The SD model is developed based on a detailed causal loop diagram prepared for the management of solid waste using STELLA software. Different strategies are formulated by including the policy levers in the model. The simulation results show that different financing strategies undertaken by the management can result in varying impacts for the consumers regarding collection efficiency and financial burden. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 121-144 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: solid waste management; sustainability; system dynamics; STELLA software; policy levers; simulation; Pakistan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:121-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: XiangBao Gao Author-X-Name-First: XiangBao Author-X-Name-Last: Gao Author-Name: Ana Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Ana Title: Analysis on the difference of regional carbon emission trading price level in China Abstract: This article first uses monthly prices from eight regional carbon emission right trading pilot markets in China to analyse the difference of regional carbon emission trading price level by independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test, and further analyse the causes of the carbon emission right trading price level difference between Beijing and Tianjin. Comparing the two local governments' policies such as the carbon emission right allocation scheme and the public auction of carbon emissions rights, it shows that the local government policy is the key factor that affects the regional carbon trading price level, and the government adopts the method of investigation and survey for enterprises that mainly join the carbon emission market and examines the impact of different carbon emission pricing on the enterprises operational costs. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 198-209 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: carbon emission right; price level difference; regional policy; China. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134072 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:198-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gilbert Ahamer Author-X-Name-First: Gilbert Author-X-Name-Last: Ahamer Title: Potentials and costs for the transition of decentralised energy infrastructure in Europe Abstract: This article on decentralised energy conversion complements an earlier article in this journal on centralised energy conversion and national grids. The present research analyses over 300 pieces of literature and specifies the opportunities how an 'EU green deal' on energy systems can be practically implemented in a European country such as Austria, Germany or any other state. In order to prepare for a transition of the energy system, both potentials and costs are evaluated. Therefore, this literature analysis provides both technological information and cost data (in a synoptic table), uses the paradigm of energy 'transition', and extends on electricity, heat, sector coupling. Results show present levels of feasibility for smart metering, micro-PV systems, electricity storage, heat storage, and diverse industrial applications. The conclusions show essential these paradigms are: sector coupling, bridging time through energy storage, decentralised energy conversion and a system dynamics viewpoint. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 171-197 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: potentials; energy costs; transiting; energy transition; renewables; smart grid; national energy strategies; decentralised energy infrastructure; Europe; Green Deal. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134081 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:171-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piu Das Author-X-Name-First: Piu Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Gouri Gargate Author-X-Name-First: Gouri Author-X-Name-Last: Gargate Title: Legal jurisprudence of solid waste management in India: development through the decades Abstract: Rapid industrialisation has led to an increase in urbanisation and per capita income. With reference to the environment, these two are the major reasons behind the increase in the generation of waste. The first legislation, Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, came into force in 2000. Now, the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, are in force, and alongside them, there are judicial precedents governing solid waste management in India. The National Green Tribunal, a quasi-judicial body established in 2010, is constantly keeping a check on the SWM in the country by providing the required directions and guidelines. This paper is an attempt to share the systematic chronological development of solid waste management (SWM) in India and the role of various government bodies, including the attempts by the judiciary to handle the future catastrophic effects that may affect the next generations. The authors have followed doctrinal research methodology. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 268-294 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: municipal solid waste; solid waste management; SWM; Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016; National Green Tribunal; NGT; environment; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:268-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mukhtar Sabiu Yahuza Author-X-Name-First: Mukhtar Sabiu Author-X-Name-Last: Yahuza Author-Name: Huriye Gurdalli Author-X-Name-First: Huriye Author-X-Name-Last: Gurdalli Title: The effect of adaptive reuse practices in the walled city of Nicosia, along buffer zone, Cyprus Abstract: Adaptive reuse in this paper can be defined as the method of converting or recycling historic buildings and adaptation of the building function. This study evaluates the aspects of the adaptive reuse of historic urban neighbourhood and its affects to the citizens living along buffer zone in Walled City Nicosia. The study has assessed new purposes of the historic environment in a post-conflict city. A qualitative method was also adopted in order to analyse the pictures taken using descriptive analysis. The research concludes by proposing appropriate functions for some selected monuments. Therefore, this study strongly recommends the creation and implementation of adaptive reuse regulations by the Northern Cypriot Authorities. However, the historic buildings need to be adopted in a controlled manner to avoid extinction of these buildings in the future. This research recommends further similar investigation in the southern Cyprus so as to know exactly what their problems are regarding adaptive reuse in Walled City Nicosia and know how to resolve them. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 310-328 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: walled city; Nicosia; re-use; buffer zone; peace-making; contested land area; divided city; Cyprus; adaptive reuse. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:310-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Maria Moser Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Moser Title: True empathy, part 1: identification and healing Abstract: In the recent decade, scientific literature of healing through spirituality has grown almost hundredfold as compared to the last century. In such a situation and as a fundamental guidance within the many existing concepts of healing, this article proposes spiritual healing through empathy. To provide fundamental orientation, the present approach mainly distinguishes three concepts: 1) identification with the body and with the ego; 2) identification with the cosmos and its powers; 3) identification with the Holy Spirit - meaning the divine. Based on such clarification, the article explains the difference between cosmic and spiritual empathy in detail. While many approaches might initially start out with perceiving the breath and the flow of energy, cosmic healing might limit itself to a concept of equilibration regarding human health whereas it might not necessarily achieve true healing. Spiritual healing, however, achieves the dissolution (not merely harmonising) of blockages, thus leading to healing. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 210-224 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: energy; healing; empathy; wholeness; spiritual healing; holistic healing; identification; holy spirit; energy healing; energy flow; cosmic powers; body; identification with the ego; the divine. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:210-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gilbert Ahamer Author-X-Name-First: Gilbert Author-X-Name-Last: Ahamer Title: Innovative strategies for a sustainable transition of decentralised heat energy infrastructure Abstract: The present article continues an earlier literature analysis of over 250 pieces of literature on how to implement the needed systemic and structural 'energy transition'. This text specifically focuses on techno-economic options for an equally needed 'heat transition', i.e., the fundamental restructuring of the global heat supply systems towards non-carbon sustainability. This literature study embraces the following eight themes: low temperature district heating; heat management in smart cities; large heat accumulators; integration of large-scale solar thermal systems; the <i>Big Solar</i> project in Graz, Austria; industrial waste heat; and island networks. In these fields, the technological state of the art is assessed to be sufficient for instantaneous political implementation and enactment, to save the global climate. As a conclusion, a structural 'heat transition' is an indispensable component of the 'energy transition' worldwide (and in the European Green Deal), based on solar and wind energy. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 236-267 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: heat transition; energy transition; structurally transiting; district heating; solar heating; decentralised heating infrastructure; Europe; Green Deal; techno-socio-economic evolution. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:236-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Maria Moser Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Moser Title: True empathy, part 2: the spiritual foundations Abstract: The abundance of scientific literature dealing with 'spiritual healing' and their wide variety of approaches during the last decade calls for a clarification of the fundamental concepts. This article suggests: since only the mind can be ill, only the mind can be healed. A radically new view on what is sickness and what is healing sees that everything comes from the spirit. Everything is self-made, and essentially is projection, and can be changed by changed awareness - namely forgiveness. While forgiveness in the traditional sense still sticks to the concept of guilt, true forgiveness understands that there is no guilt at all. At any time, choosing between fear and love is possible and can occur. A new decision for love creates new physical reality - while most traditional healing limits itself to the physical realm, thus only equilibrating and shifting instead of effective healing. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 295-309 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: energy; healing; empathy; wholeness; spiritual healing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:295-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luiz Henrique Rauber-Rodrigues Author-X-Name-First: Luiz Henrique Author-X-Name-Last: Rauber-Rodrigues Author-Name: Diosnel Antonio Rodriguez-Lopez Author-X-Name-First: Diosnel Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Rodriguez-Lopez Author-Name: Adriane de Assis Lawisch-Rodriguez Author-X-Name-First: Adriane de Assis Author-X-Name-Last: Lawisch-Rodriguez Title: Social characteristics of consumption, disposal and environmental awareness in Brazil regarding smartphones Abstract: Some items become so intrinsic in our day to day lives that no one ever thinks about their residual impact. Smartphones are a good example of that. Every year, billions of devices are sold globally and, assuming that everything that is bought one day will be discarded, the heavy metals that smartphones are made of can cause great environmental contamination. Aiming to find out what happens with the smartphones that are not used in Brazil anymore, and seeking to understand how concepts like life cycle assessment and reverse logistics apply to this context, a survey with 27 questions was conducted, and more than 500 answers were collected. Among other findings, the life cycle of devices in Brazil was of only 1.4 years and, one of the reasons for their replacement was the need for a new smartphone when the old one crashed, agreeing with other papers; however, what set these results apart was the wish to have a new device being the most pointed motive for replacement. Journal: Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues Pages: 329-353 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 22 Year: 2023 Keywords: smartphone; consumption; discard; electronic waste; life cycle assessment; reverse logistic. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=134093 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:22:y:2023:i:2/3:p:329-353