Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henrik Gundelach Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Gundelach Author-Name: Michael W. Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Michael W. Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Title: The dynamics of entry mode choice in challenging business environments: an exploratory study of medium sized exporters' entry into Africa Abstract: This article studies the entry modes adopted by medium-sized enterprises (MEs) seeking market access to challenging business environments in Africa. Based on a review of the extant literature on entry mode choice and organisational learning in internationalisation, we develop a dynamic model for analysing entry mode choice of exporting MEs. Via a longitudinal study of 14 Danish MEs' attempted entry into the Kenyan market, we found that gaining better knowledge of own resources in relation to the Kenyan business environment did not make the MEs adjust their entry mode. The only behavioural adjustments in lieu of better knowledge were that several MEs, rather than changing their preferred entry mode, decided to abandon entry altogether. We ascribe this lack of adaptation of entry mode strategy to organisational inertia. In conclusion, we argue that our findings have important implications for the theory of organisational learning in internationalisation. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 174-203 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: export; internationalisation; Uppsala model; Africa; entry modes; challenging business environments; resource-based view; RBV; institutional perspective; medium-sized enterprises; MEs; path dependency; experiential learning; inertia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107718 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Open Access Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:3:p:174-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isaac Nana Akuffo Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Nana Author-X-Name-Last: Akuffo Title: Cross-functional teams and innovation performance: the case of multinational enterprises Abstract: This study reviewed cross-functional teams and innovation performance of multi-national enterprise from 2008 to 2019. 107 studies were retrieved from EBSCO Discovery, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google scholar. However, only 18 studies out of the 107 related to the review; the remaining studies did not have a direct bearing on the topic under discussion. Two research questions guided this review: 1) how does CFT relate to IP with or without consideration of other factors?; 2) is there consistency in measurement and indicators of IP? The review shows that scant studies have been conducted in the area in the last ten years. It also revealed that methods employed in measuring IP were not consistent, and other factors influence that relationship between CFT and IP. Future studies must employ longitudinal design instead of a survey. Managerial implications and recommendation are discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 204-218 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: cross-functional teams; CFTs; innovation performance; multinational enterprise. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107720 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:3:p:204-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaotian Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Xiaotian Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Raushan Aman Author-X-Name-First: Raushan Author-X-Name-Last: Aman Author-Name: Julia Helena Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Julia Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Yanhong Xi Author-X-Name-First: Yanhong Author-X-Name-Last: Xi Title: Serial nonlinearities in firm's internationalisation process: case evidence from China Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the emerging literature on nonlinear internationalisation by presenting a Chinese SME's experience of nonlinear internationalisation both in terms of fluctuations in sales with every client in each foreign market and the number of foreign markets in which it operates. By analysing the firm's annual activities with 66 foreign clients in 15 foreign markets since its establishment, we found that the firm did not experience constant growth in any of the markets. Moreover, though the number of served markets has grown, only a few of them are among the original export countries. Despite this fact, this firm has grown considerably, although substantial growth was experienced much later than at the company's start-up phase, with some crisis occurring during the process. Thus, fluctuations in internationalisation do not necessarily lead to failure; they may be caused by different external and internal factors, and such fluctuations can occur several times in a particular market. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 219-244 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: internationalisation; internationalisation process; nonlinear internationalisation; de-internationalisation; re-internationalisation; sales fluctuations; export; foreign markets; China. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:3:p:219-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quan Hoang Nguyen Tran Author-X-Name-First: Quan Hoang Nguyen Author-X-Name-Last: Tran Author-Name: Linh Dieu Tran Author-X-Name-First: Linh Dieu Author-X-Name-Last: Tran Title: Assessment of Vietnamese adult people about the local organisational culture: an examination based on age, gender, job title and government work experience Abstract: Many organisations in emerging countries are facing the reform in organisational structure because of the rising wave of global corporations that penetrate their market. Coping with this issue requires an understanding of the modern organisational culture of local organisations. This study aims to explore the organisational culture in Vietnamese organisations. This research adopted the four factors of competing value framework, namely clan, hierarchy, adhocracy and market. A total of 294 Vietnamese people are socialised variously on the basis of their gender, age, working experience and job title in private versus state sectors. Findings showed a significant difference in age and working experience in the current Vietnamese organisational culture. Old and experienced people are linked to market culture whereas young and newcomers are involved with clan culture. These results are valuable for organisations, superiors and practitioners who work with Vietnamese-born workers. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 245-260 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: culture; organisational culture; competing value framework; CVF; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107722 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:3:p:245-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imtiaz Masroor Author-X-Name-First: Imtiaz Author-X-Name-Last: Masroor Author-Name: Md. Nur Alam Author-X-Name-First: Md. Nur Author-X-Name-Last: Alam Author-Name: Sk. Md. Abrar Hossain Author-X-Name-First: Sk. Md. Abrar Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain Author-Name: S.M. Misbauddin Author-X-Name-First: S.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Misbauddin Title: Moderating effect of uncertainty on the relationship between effectuation and internationalisation speed: a study on small and medium software firms of Bangladesh Abstract: The internationalisation process of an entrepreneurial firm is determined by the factors relevant to the entrepreneur's internal decision-making dynamic as well as by external environment-specific factors. International entrepreneurs' selection of effectuation decision-making logic may impact the speed at which he makes foreign market entry outside the domestic market. Moreover, the uncertainty in the environment causes entrepreneurs to adopt effectuation logic. This paper examines the relationship between the adoption of effectuation decision-making logic and the resultant speed of internationalisation. It also investigates uncertainty as a moderating variable to see its impact on the relationship between effectuation and internationalisation speed. This study tested two hypotheses by taking a sample of 150 Bangladeshi small and medium-sized software firms. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and PLS-SEM was used in order to test the hypotheses. The results of the study support the proposition that effectuation decision-making logic results in quick international market entry for the firms. The findings of the study also suggest that uncertainty has a moderating impact on the relationship between effectuation and internationalisation speed. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 261-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: effectuation; uncertainty; entrepreneurship; firm internationalisation; internationalisation speed; partial least square; PLS; Bangladesh. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107723 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:3:p:261-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agnes Asemokha Author-X-Name-First: Agnes Author-X-Name-Last: Asemokha Author-Name: Lasse Torkkeli Author-X-Name-First: Lasse Author-X-Name-Last: Torkkeli Author-Name: Anisur R. Faroque Author-X-Name-First: Anisur R. Author-X-Name-Last: Faroque Author-Name: Sami Saarenketo Author-X-Name-First: Sami Author-X-Name-Last: Saarenketo Title: Business model innovation in international performance: the mediating effect of network capability Abstract: Networks and business models are two critical defining factors in the internationalisation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although scholars have recently suggested that business model innovation be linked to dynamic capabilities, there has been limited research interest. This study aims to do so by linking business model innovation with dynamic networking capabilities and examining their role in SME internationalisation. Using a sample of 210 internationally operating Finnish SMEs and conducting regression and mediation analysis, we find that: 1) network capability predicts business model innovation in SMEs; 2) business model innovation predicts higher international performance; 3) business model innovation mediates the relationship between network capability and international performance. The study thus contributes by establishing network capability as an antecedent of business model innovation in achieving international performance. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 290-313 Issue: 4 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: business model; small- and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; network capability; dynamic capabilities; internationalisation; international performance; business model innovation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109525 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:4:p:290-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hyun Mi Park Author-X-Name-First: Hyun Mi Author-X-Name-Last: Park Title: Talent management dilemma and distance between South Korea and the USA Abstract: Talent management (TM) has attracted significant interest in the management field and it evolved as a North American paradigm and research tradition. Given TM has been mainly researched by Western scholars, commentators have urged that there should be a shift away from Western-centred TM to a focus on broader, more diverse contexts in order to understand the nature of TM in more depth. However, the challenges involved in the transfer of HR practices from one country to another leads to failure to implement effective TM. Based on a robust structured literature analysis, this paper highlights the key dilemmas when emerging countries adopt Western-origin TM practices because of different national contexts including economic growth rate and organisational cultures. This research contributes to the literature on TM in emerging non-Western countries by providing four research propositions. First, adopting TM may not be the best strategy for emerging countries when its economic scale and growth are not large enough to pursue TM practices. Second, there could be a high degree of difficulties to localise and practice effectively. Third, South Korean firms may face practical dilemma to implement 'exclusive' TM approach. Fourth, South Korean firms may experience dilemma between position-focused and people-focused TM systems. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 335-355 Issue: 4 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: talent management; South Korea; Western; USA; non-Western; emerging country; exclusive; inclusive; position; dilemma; cultural distance; country-specific. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109526 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:4:p:335-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdollah Mohammadparast Tabas Author-X-Name-First: Abdollah Mohammadparast Author-X-Name-Last: Tabas Author-Name: Hanna Komulainen Author-X-Name-First: Hanna Author-X-Name-Last: Komulainen Author-Name: Ahmad Arslan Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Arslan Title: Internationalisation in entrepreneurial ecosystem and innovation system literatures: a systematic review Abstract: Entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) has emerged an important new concept within the entrepreneurship and innovation research literatures. It emphasises the supporting role of the local and regional environment for the entrepreneur and has a specific focus on high growth firms (HGFs). EE research has similarities with other literature streams specifically the innovation systems (IS) literature but the relationship between them is ambiguous, which hampers the theory development. Furthermore, it is unclear how internationalisation is approached by the IS and the EE research. To fill this gap, the current paper offers a systematic literature review (SLR) of the similarities and differences between the IS and the EE concepts in the specific context of HGFs' internationalisation. We analyse 67 relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. The findings suggest that, on one hand, the EE has some similarities to IS due to their emphasis on the importance of the external business environment. On the other hand, EE is strongly centred on individual entrepreneurs and high growth ventures giving less importance to the government's role, which has been the case in IS literature. We also found that the internationalisation of HGFs to be an under-researched area of research in this domain, which requires further empirical analysis. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 314-334 Issue: 4 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial ecosystem; high growth firms; HGFs; innovation systems; internationalisation; systematic literature review; SLR. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:4:p:314-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hyun Mi Park Author-X-Name-First: Hyun Mi Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Ella Marie Hughes Author-X-Name-First: Ella Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes Title: Can Pacific peoples be labelled as talent in New Zealand? The prejudicial effects of societal stereotypes Abstract: There is an assumed prototype for talent, yet the stereotype of one's ethnicities influences the prototype. Stereotypes are therefore a discriminating factor limiting people's ability within the workforce. For Pacific peoples in New Zealand, since the early migratory outset, they continue to feature heavily in deprivation statistics. Pacific people are New Zealand's lowest median income earner, at the benefit of New Zealand's society and economy. Although it is critical to examine the stereotypes of the various ethnicities in the high skilled workforce, stereotyping and the resultant discrimination are under-researched in the talent management field. Therefore, this research explores the effects of stereotypes in talent identification through the case of Pacific peoples in New Zealand. It concludes that stereotypes negatively influence the decision-making process to identify talented employees. It contributes to establish diversity-oriented policies for policy makers and expand our knowledge on the prejudicial effects of societal stereotypes in the workforce. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 356-369 Issue: 4 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: Pacific peoples; stereotype; discrimination; New Zealand; talent management; prejudicial effects. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109528 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:4:p:356-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suhail M. Ghouse Author-X-Name-First: Suhail M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ghouse Title: Impact of export barriers on micro, small and medium enterprises internationalisation: an Indian perspective Abstract: The paper investigates the managerial perceptions towards different export barriers influencing internationalisation of micro, small and medium sized firms (MSMEs) in an Indian context. A five-point Likert scale-based questionnaire was used to examine the different export barriers influencing the firm's internationalisation activity. Export barriers were classified as internal and external barriers, and either barrier sub-classified under three separate categories. Internal barriers include entrepreneurial, functional and marketing barriers, while external barriers included procedural, governmental and economic barriers. Export market competition, inadequate infrastructure, export market awareness and lower export subsidies were found to be major barriers influencing firm's internationalisation. Entrepreneurial barriers were strongly correlated to all other export barriers. The study has managerial and policy implications, and adds to the internationalisation barrier literature in Indian context providing insights from a traditional export oriented sector. Journal: Int. J. of Export Marketing Pages: 370-388 Issue: 4 Volume: 3 Year: 2020 Keywords: export barriers; internationalisation; handicraft; SME; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijexpo:v:3:y:2020:i:4:p:370-388