Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nick Lin-Hi Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Lin-Hi Author-Name: Regina Kempen Author-X-Name-First: Regina Author-X-Name-Last: Kempen Author-Name: Maja Petrushevska Author-X-Name-First: Maja Author-X-Name-Last: Petrushevska Author-Name: Kate Hattrup Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Hattrup Title: The new competitive environment of social enterprises: an experimental study on perceptions and consumer intentions for social vs. traditional enterprises Abstract: The present study compares external perceptions and consumer intentions for social vs. traditional enterprises in order to analyse social enterprises' competitive ability in the market for sustainable products. To this end, an experimental survey was conducted with 222 participants. The results of a multivariate analysis of variance show that social enterprises are perceived as more socially responsible and credible than their traditional counterparts and face higher expectations in terms of sustainable behaviour. However, irresponsible behaviour was not found to yield stronger negative stakeholder reactions to social enterprises than to traditional enterprises. In addition, consumers' willingness to buy and willingness to pay for sustainable products were not higher for the products offered by social enterprises than by traditional enterprises. In sum, the study indicates that it is a difficult undertaking for social enterprises to successfully compete with their traditional counterparts in the market for sustainable products in the long run. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 58-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: competitive advantage; consumer intentions; credibility; irresponsible behaviour; social entrepreneurship; perceived social responsibility; sustainability; willingness to buy; willingness to pay. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105134 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:58-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefanie Pakura Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Pakura Title: Open innovation as a driver for new organisations: a qualitative analysis of green-tech start-ups Abstract: Start-ups, to which two-thirds of radical sustainable innovations are credited, have been identified as the driving force of the green-tech industry. Linking green-tech start-ups with open innovation, this study used semi-structured expert interviews to identify key partners for open innovation, providing insights into core opportunities and risks emerging in the innovation process. The results showed that green-tech start-ups rely on both inbound and outbound innovation. The study identified key open innovation network partners, namely academic institutes, support platforms/other start-ups, incumbent firms, and customers. Although opportunities and risks appear to be partner-specific, they can be related to three distinct levels of impact: firm development, technology development, and technology commercialisation. Synergetic partnerships, such as R%D collaborations with universities and incumbent firms, create opportunities at all three levels. Risks affect particularly the level of technology and of firm development. This paper contributes to the literature through key findings addressing five propositions. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 109-142 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: green entrepreneurship; green tech companies; green start-ups; social entrepreneurship; sustainable innovation; open innovation; innovation process; openness; external partnerships; open innovation partners; green technology; new organisations; experts interviews; qualitative research; Germany. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:109-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arne Bergfeld Author-X-Name-First: Arne Author-X-Name-Last: Bergfeld Author-Name: Eva Lutz Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz Author-Name: Barbara Scheck Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Scheck Title: Social franchising: a transitional solution for organisational growth of social entrepreneurial organisations? Abstract: The aim of our study is to investigate factors influencing organisational growth of social entrepreneurial organisations in the context of social franchising. In particular, we examine whether and how the amount of a franchise fee and the degree of standardisation can enhance or hinder organisational growth. We use an exploratory qualitative research approach to take account of the entire context of social franchise relations. Our analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with social franchisors and social franchisees as well as an analysis of written social franchise agreements. We develop a theoretical framework showing two nonlinear relations: between the amount of the franchise fee and organisational growth and between the degree of standardisation and organisational growth. Overall, our results suggest that social franchising is only a transitional solution for social entrepreneurs in generating organisational growth. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 17-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: social entrepreneurship; organisational growth; social enterprise; social franchising; franchise fee; standardisation; compassion. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105136 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:17-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vivek Sinha Author-X-Name-First: Vivek Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha Author-Name: Vegar L. Ausrød Author-X-Name-First: Vegar L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ausrød Author-Name: Øystein Widding Author-X-Name-First: Øystein Author-X-Name-Last: Widding Title: Gearing up for growth: the growth process of new ventures at the base of the pyramid Abstract: There is need for more empirical-based knowledge on the growth process of new ventures. In this paper, we examine the combination and sequence of the growth modes used by a growing new venture to achieve scale at the base of the pyramid (BOP). Our case study reveals a growth process involving resource management to overcome contextual challenges which leads to shifts in the growth modes of the venture. We contribute to firm growth literature and demonstrate how new ventures may successfully grow through resource management, in a resource-poor environment and how this influences their growth path. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 85-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: growth process; growth modes; social entrepreneurship; base of the pyramid; BOP; resource management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:85-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferran Giones Author-X-Name-First: Ferran Author-X-Name-Last: Giones Author-Name: Christina Ungerer Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Ungerer Author-Name: Guido Baltes Author-X-Name-First: Guido Author-X-Name-Last: Baltes Title: Balancing financial, social and environmental values: can new ventures make an impact without sacrificing profits? Abstract: What drives entrepreneurial action to create a lasting impact? The creation of new ventures that aim at having an impact beyond their financial performance face additional challenges: achieving economic sustainability and at the same time addressing social or environmental issues. Little is known on how these new hybrid organisations, aiming for multiple impact dimensions, organise and prioritise for their social, environmental, and financial goals. A dataset of 4,125 early-stage ventures is used to gain insights into how blended values are converted into financial, social and environmental impacts, giving shape to different types of hybrid organisations. Our findings suggest new hybrid organisations might opt to sacrifice financial impact to achieve social impact, yet this is not the case when they aim to generate environmental or sustainable impact. Therefore, the tensions and sacrifices related to holding blended values are not homogeneous across all types of new hybrid organisations. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 39-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: venture creation; hybrid organisations; blended values; social impact; environmental impact; entrepreneurship; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105138 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:39-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferran Giones Author-X-Name-First: Ferran Author-X-Name-Last: Giones Author-Name: Francesc Miralles Author-X-Name-First: Francesc Author-X-Name-Last: Miralles Title: Bound for glory or cursed for life? Exploring the impact of initial resources on the venture emergence of new technology-based firms Abstract: The value of existent firm's resources in uncertain and dynamic contexts is unclear. It is difficult to determine whether starting a new firm with a strong resource position will give an advantage in technology-intense contexts. We propose a revision of the role of resources in new tech-based ventures. We adopt a mixed-method approach. We use the cases of 21 new technology firms to build propositions on what factors (resources) play a role in new venture emergence. We then test to what extent those resources make an effect on the new venture emergence using a longitudinal dataset of 400 new technology-based firms. The results show that not all resources matter equally in the early-stages of a new technology-based firm. We identify that specific combinations of entrepreneurial experience and industry knowledge has a positive impact, while other resources such as technology assets, surprisingly, do not generate a clear impact. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 143-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: technology entrepreneurship; venture emergence; technology resources; panel dataset. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:143-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Izak Fayena Author-X-Name-First: Izak Author-X-Name-Last: Fayena Author-Name: Adrian Nelson Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson Author-Name: Lyndsay Rashman Author-X-Name-First: Lyndsay Author-X-Name-Last: Rashman Author-Name: Deryck J. Van Rensburg Author-X-Name-First: Deryck J. Van Author-X-Name-Last: Rensburg Title: Learning strategies of high-tech entrepreneurs about business opportunities Abstract: This two-phase, sequential mixed methods, utilising a qualitative, followed by a quantitative study was conducted with 178 high-tech entrepreneurs based in Israel. The study focuses on how entrepreneurs learn about business opportunities and explores the factors that affect the way they do it. A conceptual model is presented and then empirically tested. The results show that entrepreneurs learn strategically about business opportunities. Six learning strategies were identified as relevant to the process of opportunity identification. Prior knowledge of foreign markets was found as the most significant factor, while cognitive style was found to moderate the strength of the relationships between prior knowledge and the learning strategies. Entrepreneurs can benefit from these findings by recognising that they have a battery of learning strategies, which are relevant to the opportunity identification process. The identification of six learning strategies that are relevant to the process of opportunity identification is unique to this study. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 228-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: high-tech entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial learning; learning strategies; opportunity identification. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105549 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:228-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dominik Dellermann Author-X-Name-First: Dominik Author-X-Name-Last: Dellermann Author-Name: Nikolaus Lipusch Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaus Author-X-Name-Last: Lipusch Author-Name: Philipp Ebel Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Ebel Author-Name: Jan Marco Leimeister Author-X-Name-First: Jan Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Leimeister Title: The potential of collective intelligence and crowdsourcing for opportunity creation Abstract: Digital technologies inherently change entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. One theoretical perspective that aims at explaining both is the creation view of opportunities, which proposes iterative social interaction between entrepreneurs and interested stakeholders and the evolutionary nature of opportunities as idiosyncratic. While the discussion on the phenomena of crowdsourcing is scarce in entrepreneurship research on opportunity (co-) creation, it provides enormous potential for the field. Within this paper, we focus on providing a theoretical rational for why and how collective intelligence and crowdsourcing as concrete mechanism works for improving the entrepreneurial cognition process. The paper shows that entrepreneurs can leverage collective intelligence to objectify opportunities by starting a sense making process, persuading interested stakeholders, and mobilising external resources, thus limiting the cognitive constraints and bounds of entrepreneurial agents. We thus contribute to the discourse about how opportunities emerge from interactions between entrepreneurs and their social environment and provide an agenda that may guide future research in the field of digital entrepreneurship. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 183-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; opportunity creation theory; crowdsourcing; collective intelligence. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:183-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Álvaro Lopes Dias Author-X-Name-First: Álvaro Lopes Author-X-Name-Last: Dias Author-Name: José Manuel Brás Dos Santos Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel Brás Dos Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Author-Name: Renato Telo De Freitas Barbosa Pereira Author-X-Name-First: Renato Telo De Freitas Barbosa Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira Title: The role of entrepreneurship on the foundations of dynamic capabilities Abstract: This work investigates the antecedents and consequences of dynamic capabilities using data from Portuguese and Brazilian firms. Specifically the influence of entrepreneurship as an opportunity sensing base, the effect on human resources (HR) capability to reach those opportunities, and finally knowledge management (KM) consequences on firm performance. Using a two-country questionnaire, four organisational capabilities are examined, and the link to value creation is established: entrepreneurship capabilities, knowledge management, human resources management capabilities and strategic decision flexibility. The main objective of this research is the operationalisation of a stream of thought on dynamic capabilities. To analyse our model, we have chosen to apply a path analytic technique. This multivariate analysis methodology is regularly used for empirically examining sets of relationships represented in the form of linear causal models, and allows the direct, indirect and total effects. We present the operationalisation of an aggregate construct in this field thus contributing to develop empirical research of dynamic capabilities. Measures were adapted to reflect dynamic decision making. The results show that dynamic capabilities are a complex set of capacities conjugated in sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring processes. Managerial implications for these two countries are discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 208-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; dynamic capabilities; organisational capacities; value creation; human resources management; knowledge management; strategic decision flexibility; SDF; sensing; seizing; reconfiguring. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:208-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvia Hubner Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia Author-X-Name-Last: Hubner Title: When entrepreneurs become leaders: how entrepreneurs deal with people management Abstract: When entrepreneurs start hiring employees, new role demands arise and several tasks add on their previous responsibility. In new ventures, entrepreneurs themselves usually have to deal with human resources management issues and also fulfil the leadership role for all employees. To shed light on the variety of entrepreneurs' people management tasks, this paper shows how findings from literatures on human resources management and leadership can be transferred to the entrepreneurial context. I draw on previous theoretical knowledge and empirical findings to describe in what way the entrepreneurial context shapes entrepreneurs' people management, and in what way characteristics of entrepreneurs shape how they deal with people management issues. Based on this elaboration, I suggest a framework that helps bridging the literatures and opens up avenues for future research. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 161-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial firms; people management; leadership; HRM; effectuation; entrepreneurial passion. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105571 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:161-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amir Emami Author-X-Name-First: Amir Author-X-Name-Last: Emami Author-Name: Peter G. Klein Author-X-Name-First: Peter G. Author-X-Name-Last: Klein Title: The entrepreneurial propensity for market analysis and the intention-action gap Abstract: Evaluating and exploiting imagined opportunities involves gathering and processing idiosyncratic market knowledge, but individuals differ in their abilities and propensities in this task. We propose a new construct, the entrepreneurial propensity for market analysis (EPMA), and argue that this propensity mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and action. We test these relationships in a study of 213 prospective entrepreneurs from science and technology parks (STPs) in Iran. Results support the mediating effect of EPMA on the entrepreneurial act. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 303-320 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial action; entrepreneurial intention; entrepreneurial process; market information; opportunity evaluation; knowledge structure. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:303-320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cosmas Anayochukwu Nwankwo Author-X-Name-First: Cosmas Anayochukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Nwankwo Author-Name: MacDonald Kanyangale Author-X-Name-First: MacDonald Author-X-Name-Last: Kanyangale Title: Deconstructing entrepreneurial marketing dimensions in small and medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria: a literature analysis Abstract: In Nigeria, many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) go moribund despite the efforts of government and other supportive agents. There is a dearth of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that address the problem of short-term survival of SMEs faced by owners or managers. This paper aims at evaluating extant literature and models on EM to propose a new and comprehensive model for research. In this pursuit, a background literature review on EM was conducted in several peer-reviewed journals to identify the evolution of EM and the milestones and the dimensions of EM and their significance in existing models in relation to the performance and survival of businesses. Nine key dimensions were identified, namely: innovativeness, proactiveness, calculated risk-taking, resource leveraging, customer intensity, value creation, market sensing, alliance formation and teamwork. Based on these dimensions, a new and exhaustive model of EM is proposed. This paper concludes that applying these EM dimensions to SMEs would significantly propagate success in an innovative and sustainable way. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 321-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial marketing dimensions; entrepreneurial marketing; small and medium enterprises; integrative model; EO; entrepreneurial orientation; MO; market orientation; MDO; market driving orientation; IO; intra-team orientation; literature analysis; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107931 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:321-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricarda Bouncken Author-X-Name-First: Ricarda Author-X-Name-Last: Bouncken Author-Name: Beate Cesinger Author-X-Name-First: Beate Author-X-Name-Last: Cesinger Author-Name: Victor Tiberius Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Tiberius Title: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy of top managers: Can Entrepreneurial Orientation secure performance? Abstract: Numerous studies show that high levels of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) in firms positively influence firm performance. Yet, high levels of Dark Triad (DT) traits - narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy - of managers might work detrimental to EO. Our study empirically tests if top managers who score high on Dark Triad traits have a negative influence on firm performance, reducing the merits of EO. Results of a survey study on 191 firms show that all three dimensions of the DT, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, suppress the positive effects that EO has on firm performance. Accordingly, selfish behaviour, emotional coldness, propensity for duplicity, and top managers' quest for self promotion, status, and dominance lead to behaviour that reduces the positive influences around innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking of EO. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 273-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: dark triad; entrepreneurial orientation; firm performance; Machiavellianism; narcissism; psychopathy; upper echelons. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:273-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi Author-X-Name-First: Asghar Afshar Author-X-Name-Last: Jahanshahi Author-Name: Tahereh Maghsoudi Author-X-Name-First: Tahereh Author-X-Name-Last: Maghsoudi Author-Name: Fereshteh Ghaleh Agha Babaei Author-X-Name-First: Fereshteh Ghaleh Agha Author-X-Name-Last: Babaei Title: What makes teams more innovative in small high-technology ventures? The role of leadership Abstract: Fostering team innovation has been considered as a major leadership function in high-technology ventures because they face intense competition in the market. In this research, we analysed the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on team innovation in small high technology ventures. A total of 24 team leaders and 133 employees from high tech industries in Iran participated in our study. Using structural equation modelling, we found that transformational leaders play a crucial role in enhancing team innovation, facilitating team trust and team communication quality. Nevertheless, transformational leadership was not related to team innovation directly. We also found that transformational leadership plays a facilitating role in improving trust and communication within a team. In the context of developing countries, this study provides empirical evidence of the prominent role of transformational leadership in encouraging team innovation by facilitating communication and trust among team members. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 251-272 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: transformational leadership; team trust; team communication quality; team innovation; small high-technology ventures. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:251-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Aldianto Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Aldianto Author-Name: Christina Wirawan Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Wirawan Author-Name: Grisna Anggadwita Author-X-Name-First: Grisna Author-X-Name-Last: Anggadwita Author-Name: Vania Nur Rizqi Author-X-Name-First: Vania Nur Author-X-Name-Last: Rizqi Title: Integrated clustering of creative industries to foster innovation: Bandung's creative industries Abstract: Creative industries capture new economic dynamics based on creativity, skills, and talents. Creative industries grow fast and contribute more to the national economic development. In order to sustain contributions to economic development, creative industries need to innovate productively. One way to encourage innovation is to foster co-creation by strengthening the effectiveness of creative industry relationships with stakeholders, such as the community, consumers, suppliers, and other creative industries, as well as to generate information and knowledge to support them. An integrated cluster will support industry efficiency; better facilities; infrastructure; amenities; services; as well as better protection of the environment and social relationships. Placing creative industries in an integrated cluster will provide better collaboration opportunities that will support co-creation to trigger innovation. This paper will provide a conceptual framework of an integrated symbiosis of creative industry clustering to foster their innovation toward sustainability and high performance using the value co-creation platform concept. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 420-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: cluster; creative industry; innovation; value co-creation platform; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:420-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rifelly Dewi Astuti Author-X-Name-First: Rifelly Dewi Author-X-Name-Last: Astuti Author-Name: Tengku Ezni Balqiah Author-X-Name-First: Tengku Ezni Author-X-Name-Last: Balqiah Title: Entrepreneurial marketing orientation of young SME owners in Indonesia Abstract: Entrepreneurial marketing (EM) has been widely used as a term to differentiate the marketing practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from established companies. As a variable, EM also attracts scholars to examine the concept deeper both in terms of instruments and methodology. This paper aims to develop an EM measurement that is appropriate for SMEs in Indonesia and construct an SME owner profile based on their EM orientation. This study was conducted both in qualitative and quantitative forms through a survey method. The 121 respondents were young SME owners. Based on an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the results show that there are seven dimensions of EM, namely customer focus, innovativeness, value creation, opportunity focus, proactiveness, calculated risk taking, and resource leveraging. Furthermore, through a cluster analysis, this study also obtained the profiling of three groups of respondents based on the EM orientation level. Even though the definitions of SMEs are different in some countries, this study will identify EM in Indonesia as a developing country as being quite similar with EM in developed countries. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 376-394 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial marketing; entrepreneurship; marketing; young business owners; SMEs; small and medium enterprises; cluster analysis; developing country; Indonesia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:376-394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sinta Aryani Author-X-Name-First: Sinta Author-X-Name-Last: Aryani Author-Name: Sudarso Kaderi Wiryono Author-X-Name-First: Sudarso Kaderi Author-X-Name-Last: Wiryono Author-Name: Deddy P. Koesrindartoto Author-X-Name-First: Deddy P. Author-X-Name-Last: Koesrindartoto Author-Name: Prameshwara Anggahegari Author-X-Name-First: Prameshwara Author-X-Name-Last: Anggahegari Title: Global competition strategies for Indonesian SMEs Abstract: Given the limitations of SMEs and the rigid requirements of financial institutions, this paper evaluates the bridge which connects those ends. The purpose of the paper is to find smooth connections between SMEs and financial institutions in order to enhance the quality credits given to SMEs. The literature came from qualified international academic journals and papers, reports from prominent global institutions, and reports from the Indonesian government which are related to their policies towards SMEs and financial institutions. Comparisons were made among countries around the world regarding the policies applied to their SMEs and financial institutions. This paper looks specifically at the global challenges related to Indonesian SMEs to reach sustainable growth. Collaborations between the government, financial institutions, and SMEs are needed. The roles of financial inclusion, financial literacy, innovation lending, and the government are important measures to support SMEs' developments. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 395-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: financing; SMEs; financial intermediaries; global sustainable growth. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109592 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:395-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Norshamsiah Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Norshamsiah Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Author-Name: Adriana Mohd Rizal Author-X-Name-First: Adriana Mohd Author-X-Name-Last: Rizal Author-Name: Ong Choon Hee Author-X-Name-First: Ong Choon Author-X-Name-Last: Hee Author-Name: Shathees Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Shathees Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Author-Name: Musli Sahimi Author-X-Name-First: Musli Author-X-Name-Last: Sahimi Title: Resource allocation between exploration and exploitation strategies: a case study of a Malaysian SME family firm Abstract: Studies of exploration and exploitation strategies in small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) firms highlight resource scarcity as a critical issue. Imperatively, SME firms need to allocate their scarce resources efficiently in order to implement exploration and/or exploitation strategies. However, studies of resource allocation between exploration and exploitation strategies in SME family firms are limited. The main objective of this research, in the context of SME family firms, is to explore the types of resources allocated between exploration and/or exploitation strategies and what circumstances both strategies can be implemented. The nature of a family firm, known as 'familiness', provides an opportunity to further investigate this unique resource. This research utilises a case study methodology and a Malaysian SME family firm is selected due to its importance in terms of economic and social development. The study found that the abilities and familiness of a family firm are the main factors in allocating resources for exploration and exploitation strategies. In fact, cultural differences between the first and second generation have an impact on the engagement of the firm with respect to exploration and exploitation strategies. The result enhances the understanding of resource allocation and enriches the theories in studies of family firms. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 355-375 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: exploration; exploitation; family firm; resource allocation; resources; familiness. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:355-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lawrence W.C. Lai Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence W.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Lai Author-Name: Frank T. Lorne Author-X-Name-First: Frank T. Author-X-Name-Last: Lorne Title: State-assisted entrepreneurial ventures: the case of aquacultural development and the seafood industry in Hong Kong Abstract: The market-enabling capability of government is featured in an industry analysis capturing the transformation of marine fishing to aquaculture in ways that require changes to the law and regulations, as well as private venturing initiatives. Private initiatives for innovation in the aquaculture industry are essential because of the variety of species available for a sophisticated market and a preference for seafood. Government-as-enabler for species development and product differentiation of products locally-produced as a complementary input is also important. Structural changes have been shown to be essential for ventures and entrepreneurship and can contribute to the establishment of a public-private partnership (PPP) for a Schumpeterian type of innovation. The study is another illustration of the 4th Coase Theorem. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 439-458 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: Schumpeterian innovation; law and economics; Coase theorem; VUCA; volatility; uncertainty; complexity; and ambiguity; PPP; public-private partnership. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109596 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:439-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anas A. Al Bakri Author-X-Name-First: Anas A. Al Author-X-Name-Last: Bakri Title: What it takes to succeed as an entrepreneur: the self-assessment Abstract: This study explored the importance of passion, self-discipline, confidence and strong backbone of entrepreneurs in Qatar to be successful. In addition, the study explored the main drivers and obstacles that entrepreneur faced in Qatar. The survey instrument was administered in both online and hard copy formats depending on the preferences of the respondents. Several different methods were used to analyse the primary data collected for this study, including the Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis to test for the reliability of the variables. In addition, a one-way ANOVA and an independent samples test (i.e., Levene's Test for Equality of Variances) were used to analyse the variables in the various domains that were operationalised in the survey instrument which were the focus of this study. A close look at the scale of self-assessment of entrepreneurs reveals a positive overall average of 6.75, implying that factors of self-assessment have a positive influence on a successful entrepreneur. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 547-573 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneur; entrepreneurship; risk; emerging economies; new entrepreneurs; self-assessment; passion; self-discipline; confidence; GDP; gross domestic product. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:547-573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Weigand Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Weigand Author-Name: Reinhard Schulte Author-X-Name-First: Reinhard Author-X-Name-Last: Schulte Title: The effects of managerial preferences on the financial behaviour of small firms: a demand-side perspective Abstract: In this study, we argue that the financial behaviour of small firms is largely affected by the preferences of the owners, who aim for either independence or wealth maximisation. By analysing survey data from Germany, we observe that owners with a preference for minimising capital costs and maintaining decision-making autonomy deploy more internal financing and raise short-term debt to meet temporary capital requirements. In contrast, owners raise more long-term debt when banks also provide non-financial complementary resources, but they seem to acquire external equity instead of debt to develop new resources and capabilities in collaboration with new co-owners. In light of our findings, we propose a dichotomy of a financial bootstrapping and an added-value pecking-order that small firm owners follow depending on their overarching goal. Overall, our findings indicate that small firm capital acquisition in Germany nowadays reflects more demand-driven rather than supply-constrained behaviour. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 522-546 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: small business finance; small firm capital acquisition; entrepreneurial finance; pecking-order hypothesis; financial decision-making; capital structure decision; small firm financing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111534 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:522-546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christoph P. Wessendorf Author-X-Name-First: Christoph P. Author-X-Name-Last: Wessendorf Author-Name: Jared Schneider Author-X-Name-First: Jared Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider Author-Name: Martin Arda Gresch Author-X-Name-First: Martin Arda Author-X-Name-Last: Gresch Author-Name: Orestis Terzidis Author-X-Name-First: Orestis Author-X-Name-Last: Terzidis Title: What matters most in technology venture valuation? Importance and impact of non-financial determinants for early-stage venture valuation Abstract: The valuation of early-stage ventures represents a difficult and often subjective task. In an attempt to operationalise and objectivise valuation of early-stage ventures, thereby reducing uncertainty, we analyse non-financial determinants of early-stage technology venture valuation through means of an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and a choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC). To achieve meaningful results in a challenging research setting, triangulation methods were applied. The data obtained from 75 venture capital investment professionals enable us to quantify the relative importance of relevant determinants and derive their impact on valuation. Our analysis shows that entrepreneurial spirit is considered the most important determinant for venture capital investors and a key driver of early-stage technology venture valuation. Next, a strong unique selling proposition (USP) impacts value significantly, followed by intellectual property and market growth. Further, our results demonstrate that valuation determinants do not vary significantly by investor type, i.e., business angel or venture capitalist. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 490-521 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: start-up; NTBF; new technology-based firm; technology venture; valuation; valuation determinants; venture capital; business angel; entrepreneurial finance; AHP; analytical hierarchy process; conjoint analysis; CBC; triangulation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:490-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefanie Pakura Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Pakura Author-Name: Christian Rudeloff Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Rudeloff Author-Name: Sigrid Bekmeier-Feuerhahn Author-X-Name-First: Sigrid Author-X-Name-Last: Bekmeier-Feuerhahn Author-Name: Fabian Eggers Author-X-Name-First: Fabian Author-X-Name-Last: Eggers Title: Communication management of start-ups: an empirical analysis of entrepreneurs' communication and networking success on Facebook Abstract: Social networks attract increasing attention from practice and academia, yet social media networks as part of a start-up's strategic communication efforts remain under-studied. To fill this gap, we conceptualise start-up social media communication within the framework of communication management theory. We set up five hypotheses regarding the influence of different communication activities on start-ups' communication success and the moderating role of firm age. We collected data through structured questionnaires using a sample size of 244 start-ups in Germany and ran ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses. Results indicate that social media communication management is a significant driver of communication success. Two main factors, environmental scanning and networking, are revealed. Furthermore, we find different communication and networking practices depending on the start-up's age: In early phases, ad hoc monitoring, personal networks and business-to-consumer networking are key elements. In contrast, a long-term communication plan, professional networks and business-to-business networking are crucial in later stage start-ups. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurial Venturing Pages: 459-489 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Keywords: communication management; networking; entrepreneurship; Facebook; marketing; social media; start-ups. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijeven:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:459-489