Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P.V. Manu
Author-X-Name-First: P.V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Manu
Author-Name: T.R. Navaneeth Kishan
Author-X-Name-First: T.R. Navaneeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Kishan
Author-Name: S. Jayaraj
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jayaraj
Author-Name: A. Ramaraju
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramaraju
Title: On-board generation of HHO gas with dry cell electrolyser and its applications: a review
Abstract:
In this era of depleting fossil fuels, alternative fuels and their study has gained much importance. One of the methods of using alternative fuels is operating the IC engines in dual fuel mode. This review is an attempt to highlight the investigations on the HHO gas supplemented combustion in the internal combustion engines, particularly the diesel operated ones. HHO gas has better burning characteristics than pure hydrogen since, hydrogen and oxygen does not attain the diatomic state. Hence, ideally HHO gas is having higher energy releasing capability. HHO inducted systems show better performance than that of the ordinary diesel engines in terms of brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and engine torque. However, the volumetric efficiency of these systems are relatively lesser. HHO inducted systems also show better emission characteristics. The emission of CO and unburned hydrocarbons are almost reduced by 30-40%. One of the major disadvantages of using HHO gas is the possible increase in NOx emission.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 12-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: dry cell electrolyser; HHO gas; dual fuel.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111901
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:1:p:12-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H. Laaouidi
Author-X-Name-First: H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Laaouidi
Author-Name: Mourad Nachtane
Author-X-Name-First: Mourad
Author-X-Name-Last: Nachtane
Author-Name: Mostapha Tarfaoui
Author-X-Name-First: Mostapha
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarfaoui
Author-Name: Mourad Trihi
Author-X-Name-First: Mourad
Author-X-Name-Last: Trihi
Title: Assessment of offshore wind potential in Morocco
Abstract:
In this research, a specific study on the evaluation of wind energy resources along the Atlantic coast of Morocco has been developed, utilising numerical modelling data. To evaluate the spatial distribution of wind power, 18 data points were chosen along this coast. Moreover, the adjustment of wind data and the statement of estimation methods related to form and scale parameters of the Weibull distribution was conducted after a thorough literature review. Then, a study and analysis of wind data based on its speed and direction were carried out, taking into account a five-year period between 2013 and 2017. These study findings denote higher energy production in areas where there is no physical barrier all along the Atlantic coast, whereas, in the extreme north and southern sites, the energy resource is considerably lower because of the shadow effect of the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands, respectively.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 423-441
Issue: 5
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: offshore wind energy; wind turbine; the wind potential; wind power density; Weibull distribution function; electricity production.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=119837
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:5:p:423-441
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D. Mallikarjuna Goud
Author-X-Name-First: D. Mallikarjuna
Author-X-Name-Last: Goud
Author-Name: Mugi Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Author-X-Name-First: Mugi Vishnu Vardhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy
Author-Name: V.P. Chandramohan
Author-X-Name-First: V.P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chandramohan
Title: Evaluation of drying kinetics and performance parameters of indirect type solar dryer during drying of Capsicum annuum
Abstract:
In this work, an indirect type solar dryer (ITSD) is used to dry <i>Capsicum annuum</i> (green chilli). Drying kinetics and the performance of ITSD dryer are presented here. The initial moisture content (<i>MC<SUB align="right"><SMALL>i</SMALL></SUB></i>) of green chilli is 8.3984 kg/kg of dry basis (db). The green chilli is dried from its <i>MC<SUB align="right"><SMALL>i</SMALL></SUB></i> to the final MC of 0.2218 kg/kg of db in 18 h of drying time. Solar air collector and drying efficiencies were estimated and they were 77.68% and 7.92%, respectively. The average drying rate of 0.4303 kg water/kg of db-h is achieved. The present results were compared with seven existing correlations available from the literature and found that the modified Page model gives a higher correlation coefficient and lower reduced Chi-square. The effective moisture diffusion coefficient (<i>D<SUB align="right"><SMALL>eff</SMALL></SUB></i>) is found to be 1.464 × 10<SUP align="right"><SMALL>−9</SMALL></SUP> m<SUP align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUP>/s. The average heat and mass transfer coefficients were estimated from experimental results.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 442-462
Issue: 5
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: drying efficiency; indirect type solar dryer; ITSD; drying kinetics; effective moisture diffusion coefficient; heat and mass transfer coefficients.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=119839
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:5:p:442-462
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammed Al-Mahish
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed
Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Mahish
Title: Energy and CO2 emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council region
Abstract:
This paper evaluates the factors that cause environmental contamination in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region through carbon dioxide (CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB>) emissions. The paper conducts qualitative analysis by focusing on the IPAT equation and quantitative analysis using panel data methods. The results of the qualitative analysis show that political factors, such as wars and unrest, affect the environmental quality in the GCC region. The results of comparative static analysis show that the increase in population, GDP, and energy production increase CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions. Through panel regression methods, we fail to reject the null hypotheses as suggested by the comparative static analysis, hence the paper concludes that population, GDP, and energy supply cause environmental pollution in the GCC region.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 1-11
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: GDP; Kuznets environmental curve; panel regression; IPAT.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111908
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:1:p:1-11
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benson Ahunu
Author-X-Name-First: Benson
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahunu
Author-Name: Richard Opoku
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Opoku
Author-Name: Jerry J. Kponyo
Author-X-Name-First: Jerry J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kponyo
Author-Name: Eric K. Antwi-Agyei
Author-X-Name-First: Eric K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Antwi-Agyei
Title: Technical and financial analysis of grid-tied solar PV for sustainable irrigation in rural agro-based communities in developing countries: a case study in Ghana
Abstract:
Energy for irrigation in many developing countries is mainly from thermal power plants or biomass/diesel generators with high operational cost. In this work, studies were conducted on grid-tied solar PV irrigation system with net-metering for three irrigation sites in Ghana using an energy balance model. LCOE of US$ 0.23-0.24 per kWh was obtained for the proposed system compared to average cost of US$ 0.34 per kWh of grid electricity. The financial analysis revealed that for a 20-year period, there are potential cost savings of US$ 1,240,800, US$ 913,900 and US$ 756,350 with the proposed system compared to conventional electricity cost for the three irrigation sites, which have energy demands of 242,463 kWh, 189,493 kWh, and 153,183 kWh per year, respectively. It is suggested that for Ghana Government to realise its <i>planting for food and jobs</i> policy, it should invest in cost-effective solar irrigation systems for all-year round farming.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 463-480
Issue: 5
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: sustainable irrigation; grid-tied solar PV; net-metering; levelised cost of energy.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=119851
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:5:p:463-480
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Flavio Numata Jr.
Author-X-Name-First: Flavio Numata
Author-X-Name-Last: Jr.
Title: An energy analysis of first to third-generation bioethanol production in Brazil: the potential for CO2 emissions
Abstract:
First (1G), second (2G) and third-generation (3G) ethanol industrialisation produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increases carbon dioxide (CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB>) levels in the atmosphere. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) concluded that hydrolysis and filtration processes have the largest environmental impact, and despite a trend of increased discharge generated by electricity related to 3G introduction, thermodynamic processes still show the highest emissions. These results demonstrate the importance of developing a strong technology base in biofuel industrialisation, predominantly due to the vast potential of 3G production, which increasingly requires higher energy consumption and more efficiency from the industrial system. As such, the aim of this paper is to assess the environmental impact caused by CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions in 1G, 2G and 3G ethanol production.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 38-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: energy analysis; life cycle assessment; LCA; CO2 emissions; bioethanol.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111921
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:1:p:38-60
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohamed Nassim Kraimia
Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Nassim
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraimia
Author-Name: Mohamed Boudour
Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed
Author-X-Name-Last: Boudour
Title: Harmonic analysis of thyristor controlled series capacitor in polluted Algerian network
Abstract:
This paper presents the study of the impact of harmonic distortion generated by the thyristors controlled series capacitor (TCSC) in Algerian electric power system. By applying Fourier transform of terminal voltage and switching function, the TCSC model is used as a harmonic admittance matrix, in the frequency domain, and then integrated into a balanced harmonic load flow algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson method. The study has been carried out with the equivalent Algerian power system 114 bus. The total harmonics and RMS voltages are evaluated under different operating regions of the TCSC.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 86-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: harmonic power flow; nonlinear load; thyristors controlled series capacitor; TCSC; Algerian power system; total harmonic distortion.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111922
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:1:p:86-97
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonal Sindhu
Author-X-Name-First: Sonal
Author-X-Name-Last: Sindhu
Title: Assessment, simulation and analysis of PV power generation for educational buildings of a rural women's university in India: a case study
Abstract:
The present investigation evaluates the feasibility of grid connected rooftop solar PV system for Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET), Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalya (BPSMV), Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India. In this investigation, Solargis Photovoltaic (PV) Planner software has been utilised because of its ability to provide access to reliable PV potential information within short span of time. Present study analyses the performance of 160 kWp solar rooftop plant and compares the performances of different PV technologies on the basis of simulated energy yield and performance ratio (PR). Amorphous PV technology performs the best among the four PV technologies in terms of energy yield and PR. Life cycle cost of the proposed PV power plant has also been evaluated to get unit cost of electricity (UCE) of $0.051/kWh. Finally, comparative studies have been carried out with the existing thermal power plants (TPP) in Haryana.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 61-85
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: photovoltaic; Solargis PV Planner; performance ratio; energy yield; life cycle cost analysis; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111925
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:1:p:61-85
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. Gangadevi
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gangadevi
Author-Name: S. Senthilraja
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Senthilraja
Author-Name: B.K. Vinayagam
Author-X-Name-First: B.K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinayagam
Title: Investigations of hybrid PV/spiral flow solar collector with CuO/water nanofluid - an experimental study
Abstract:
Cooling of PV module plays an important factor to increase the efficiency and life. Due to the many issues in the air cooling process, liquid-based cooling system is mainly preferred by the many researchers in recent years. In order to improve the PVT efficiency, CuO/water nanofluids were used in this experimental study. From the results, it can be seen that the PV module temperature is one of the key factor that affects the efficiency of the system. In the case of 0.05% and 0.1 vol% of CuO/water nanofluids, the electrical efficiency enhanced by 2.67%, 4.51% respectively whereas for 0.2 volume concentration, it enhanced to 5.3%. The efficiency of the thermal collector with 0.05 vol%, 0.1 vol%, 0.2 vol% of CuO/water nanofluids are enhanced by 29.41%, 39.86% and 50.01% with respect to water. The highest overall efficiency of the PVT system was obtained as 95.87% at 0.2 volume concentration. In this study the measurement uncertainty also carried out for the experimental data shows that the measurements are reliable.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 481-493
Issue: 5
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: nanofluid; hybrid solar collector; spiral flow collector; thermal efficiency; electrical efficiency.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=119861
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:5:p:481-493
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sutapa Pati
Author-X-Name-First: Sutapa
Author-X-Name-Last: Pati
Title: India's sustainable energy future and the challenges for optimised integration of variable energy sources
Abstract:
Renewable energy penetration in India is strongly linked to growing energy consumption, energy security and access to energy. Variable energy sources, viz. solar, small hydro power and wind energy form a significant share of India's energy mix. High intermittency in these technologies can lead to system related operational issues such as varying power quality and unreliability. On the other hand, grid integration of renewable energy projects is essential for bringing about an increase in the renewable component of regional and national energy mix. This paper analyses the existing status, technical and systemic challenges in large scale integration of renewable energy sources. In order to understand the complexities therein, the experiences of renewable energy service providers were supplemented by secondary literature. This paper adopts a system-based view for analysing issues of renewable energy integration and up-scaling for India, encompassing technical, infrastructural, and user specific aspects. It stresses the specific interventions that would bolster system strength and readiness for a renewable rich India. It also highlights key challenges of power quality, constancy and grid balancing and each one's unique position in a sustainable energy future for India.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 98-116
Issue: 1
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: grid integration; grid balancing; distributed energy resources; variable energy sources; sustainable energy system.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111927
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:1:p:98-116
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Bhuvaneswari
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhuvaneswari
Author-Name: S. Sivasankaran
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sivasankaran
Author-Name: A. Malarselvi
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Malarselvi
Author-Name: B. Ganga
Author-X-Name-First: B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ganga
Title: Radiation and cross diffusion on unsteady chemically reactive convective flow through an extended surface in heat generating porous medium
Abstract:
In the current research work we scrutinised the radiation and cross diffusion influences on unsteady stream through an elongated plate in the heat generating porous matrix with chemically sensitive process. The modelled PDEs are transfigured into ODEs with the utility of similarity transformation. Runge-Kutta integration procedure together with shooting technique is adapted in this work. The dominations of various parameters are demonstrated with the help of graphical representations. Further numerical discussions for skin drag coefficient, Nusselt number and solute dispersion are investigated. The solute and heat transfer rates accelerates by increasing suction/injection parameter with decreasing Hartmann number. The magnitude of skin friction and localised Nusselt number declines when enhancing Dufour and Soret values.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 494-509
Issue: 5
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: radiation; chemical reaction; cross diffusion; porous medium; heat generation.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=119863
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:5:p:494-509
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sirin Dutta Chowdhury
Author-X-Name-First: Sirin Dutta
Author-X-Name-Last: Chowdhury
Title: Study on the role of transmission lines in network strengthening and influencing the power system inter-area modal characteristics
Abstract:
Inter-area modes having inherent poor damping pose serious threats to the power system stability. These modes restrict the power transfer capacity of the transmission lines and hence need to be stabilised. In this paper, a simple and practicable method based on the modal analysis technique and the transmission system augmentation approach has been demonstrated which strengthens the power system network by damping its oscillatory modes. This technique also gives a fair idea regarding the optimal locations for different controllers' placement. A novel index namely 'mode contribution factor' has been introduced which quantifies the impact of the oscillatory modes on the synchronous machines. This paper also demonstrates the application of cut-set stability criterion to the improvement of the system damping. The proposed method has been validated using IEEE 16-machine 68 bus and IEEE 10-machine 39 bus test systems. The results have been compared to several published works and found to be in line with them.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 323-345
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: transmission lines; network strengthening; inter area oscillatory modes; modal analysis; system augmentation; optimal location; controller placement; mode shapes; damping improvement; cut-set stability criterion.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118336
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:323-345
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yogambari Venkatesan
Author-X-Name-First: Yogambari
Author-X-Name-Last: Venkatesan
Author-Name: Aravindhababu Palanivelu
Author-X-Name-First: Aravindhababu
Author-X-Name-Last: Palanivelu
Title: Flower pollination-based optimal placement of distributed generation units in distribution networks
Abstract:
The sharp increasing power demand and configuration changes in distribution networks (DNs) may operate the network more closely to voltage stability (VS) boundaries. Under critical operating conditions, the DN is not able to provide good voltage profile and may experience voltage collapse. Distributed generation (DG) has been popularly used in supplying real and reactive power in DNs. This paper builds the DG placement problem (DGPP) as a multi-objective optimisation problem with objectives of the lowering real power loss, enhancing the voltage profile, improving the VS and lowering the net operating cost; and suggests a solution scheme involving flower pollination-based optimisation (FPO) for optimally placing DGs in DNs. The FPO is a nature inspired algorithm of modelling the pollens of flowers as problem variables and the pollination process for optimising the (flowers) problem variables. The FPO in DGPP finds optimal nodes for DG placement in addition to sizing the DGs. It presents simulation results on standard IEEE DNs with a view of portraying the supremacy of the suggested strategy.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 346-365
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: distributed generation; flower pollination-based optimisation; FPO; distribution network; voltage stability.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118337
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:346-365
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomina Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Tomina
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Prawin Angel Michael
Author-X-Name-First: Prawin Angel
Author-X-Name-Last: Michael
Title: Detection of high frequency emission using ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Abstract:
This paper discusses state-of-the-art study of the different methods of signal processing. Nowadays emissions are rising in the range of high frequencies due to the rapid development of energy-saving equipment. So much work was under way in various fields to identify these emissions. Fourier transforms, short-time Fourier transforms and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are some of the methods used for the detection process. Apart from these methods ensemble, empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) becomes a superior approach for precise measurements.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 510-528
Issue: 5
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: ensemble empirical mode decomposition; EEMD; power quality; short time Fourier transform; supra-harmonics.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=119873
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:5:p:510-528
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zulfiqar Ali
Author-X-Name-First: Zulfiqar
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali
Author-Name: Faheemullah Shaikh
Author-X-Name-First: Faheemullah
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaikh
Author-Name: Laveet Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Laveet
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Author-Name: Sadam Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Sadam
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Author-Name: Zubair Ahmed Memon
Author-X-Name-First: Zubair Ahmed
Author-X-Name-Last: Memon
Title: Analysis of energy consumption and forecasting sectoral energy demand in Pakistan
Abstract:
The long-term forecasting of energy consumption has attained significant importance in fundamental research to provide sustainable solutions to the sectoral energy issues. An analysis of various factors that spur the overall and sectoral energy consumption has been modelled using logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) based on long-term energy alternatives planning (LEAP). The LMDI factors such as scale, structure and efficiency effects have been modelled in LEAP to forecast the overall and sectoral energy consumption. Various scenarios based on estimated LMDI factors have been modelled. It was observed that the scale and structure effects have generally caused an increase whereas the efficiency effect has caused a decrease in the overall and sectoral energy consumption. Furthermore, it was observed that the results reveal that the total energy consumption may reach 2,048,017.38 MTOE in 2050. Energy consumption in agriculture, industrial and services sector may reach 17,327.29 MTOE, 1,759,372.72 MTOE, 271,317.37 MTOE in 2050, respectively. From these findings, it is clear that the industrial sector consumes 86% of total energy. These results can help develop various policy guidelines for better management and operation of the energy sector in Pakistan.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 366-383
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: LMDI; LEAP; energy consumption; energy forecasting; Pakistan.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118338
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:366-383
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: K. Karunanithi
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Karunanithi
Author-Name: S. Ramesh
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramesh
Author-Name: S.P. Raja
Author-X-Name-First: S.P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Raja
Author-Name: N.K. Rayaguru
Author-X-Name-First: N.K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rayaguru
Author-Name: S. Saravanan
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Saravanan
Title: Investigations of electricity expansion environmental planning using LEAP model for sustainability
Abstract:
Electricity expansion planning is finding an optimal solution for the power system planning problem in which installation of new generation units satisfies both technical and financial constraints. Nowadays, renewable power generation plays an important role in power generation since it is pollution free and has zero fuel cost. In this paper, an attempt is made to design a future power system for Andhra Pradesh, an Indian state in which the electricity is generated mainly from non-renewable energy sources which increase greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and hence global warming. Keeping in mind about pollution impacts, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass are considered for Andhra Pradesh using long-range energy alternative planning system (LEAP) software. The various scenarios have been developed with LEAP and in all scenarios, the system installed capacity, 100-year global warming potential, social cost, production cost and total cost are investigated quantitatively.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 384-397
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: generation expansion planning; GEP; global warming potential; LEAP; renewable energy system; RES; social cost; net present value; NPV.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118340
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:384-397
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabu Kurian
Author-X-Name-First: Sabu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurian
Author-Name: P.S. Tide
Author-X-Name-First: P.S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tide
Author-Name: N. Biju
Author-X-Name-First: N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Biju
Title: Experimental and numerical investigations on baffle assisted jet array impingement cooling with cross-flow
Abstract:
Jet impingement is a powerful technique for enhancement of convective heat transfer. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the combined effect of jet impingement with cross-flow and insertion of baffles. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a 3 × 3 array of multiple impinging steady air jets together with cross-flow and baffles subjected to a constant heat flux are investigated numerically and experimentally. Numerical simulations employing SST k-ω turbulence model are utilised to investigate the effect of blow ratio and baffle clearance on flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics. Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out with blow ratio ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 and baffle clearance of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. Insertion of baffles in the cross-flow path is found to augment heat transport. About three times increase in heat transfer rate was observed when baffles with 1 mm clearance and a blow ratio of 1.0 were employed. A correlation analysis based on statistical techniques was carried out to quantitatively express the relation between operating parameters such as blow ratio, baffle clearance, H/d ratio and Nusselt number.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 398-420
Issue: 4
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: jet impingement; baffles; blow ratio.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118342
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:398-420
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amirreza Heidari
Author-X-Name-First: Amirreza
Author-X-Name-Last: Heidari
Author-Name: Ehsan Heidari
Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan
Author-X-Name-Last: Heidari
Title: Using makeup water to recycle cooling tower evaporated water: a feasibility study using experimental data
Abstract:
Wet cooling towers are one of the most water-intensive technologies, which are widely used in air conditioning applications, especially in dry regions. Considering the current water crisis around the world, it is essential to improve the design of these cooling towers to reduce their water consumption, while maintaining their cooling performance. Makeup water of cooling tower is usually a constant-temperature water which is cold enough to condensate the moisture content of the cooling tower exhaust air. Therefore, it has great potential to recycle water evaporation of cooling towers, which is not considered so far. This paper investigates a novel design for cooling towers utilising the makeup water to recycle part of the evaporated water. To perform a realistic evaluation of this idea, the experimental data of a real world cooling tower were measured. Using this data, a dynamic simulation was performed in TRNSYS software to evaluate the water saving potential. Results show that using this idea 105 litres water will be saved during two hours of cooling tower operation. This paper has highlighted the importance of using makeup water in reducing the water consumption of wet cooling towers.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 227-238
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: wet cooling tower; water saving; makeup water; air conditioning.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116311
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:3:p:227-238
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandra Botts
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Botts
Author-Name: Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan
Author-X-Name-First: Bhaskaran
Author-X-Name-Last: Gopalakrishnan
Author-Name: Ashish Nimbarte
Author-X-Name-First: Ashish
Author-X-Name-Last: Nimbarte
Author-Name: Kenneth R. Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: Vivash Karki
Author-X-Name-First: Vivash
Author-X-Name-Last: Karki
Title: Energy efficiency of blower heater non-purge compressed air dryers
Abstract:
This research focuses on twin tower regenerative closed loop desiccant dryers, specifically: blower heater non-purge (BHNP) with and without cooling water pumps, compressed-air heater purge (CHP), blower heater purge (BHP) and pressure swing heaterless (PSH). The research was conducted by collecting and analysing real time current draw data on air compressors and associated dryers at eight different facilities (13 air compressors) in terms of energy, power and cost. A decision tool was developed to depict the operational characteristics (power, energy and cost) of each type of dryer if used in conjunction with the selected compressor system. Finally, this research, on an equivalent normalised basis, compared and contrasted the different types of dryers in terms of performance and cost. The research concluded that of the five types of desiccant dryer types observed the most energy efficient was the BHNP (with cooling water pump), subject to the operational conditions.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 239-262
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: compressed air dryers; energy efficiency; desiccant dryers; energy consumption; energy intensity; compressed air; twin tower regenerative closed loop desiccant dryers; blower heater non-purge; BHNP.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116321
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:3:p:239-262
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Navjot Singh Sandhu
Author-X-Name-First: Navjot Singh
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandhu
Author-Name: Saurabh Chanana
Author-X-Name-First: Saurabh
Author-X-Name-Last: Chanana
Title: Optimised cost of wind energy using MRWT
Abstract:
In this paper, an effort has been made to compare the cost of energy of different configurations of multi-rotor wind turbines (MRWT). Three different optimisation techniques, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and pigeon inspired optimisation (PIO) have been employed to find out the most suitable rotor configuration for the minimum cost of wind power generation. Power, energy and cost models as proposed are used to determine the annual energy yield and economics of multi-rotor turbines. Simulation results using three optimisation algorithms give the same rotor configuration for minimum cost of energy.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 263-274
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: annual energy production; cost of energy generation; cost model of wind turbine; economics of multi-rotor wind turbine; genetic algorithms; number of rotors; optimisation algorithms; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; pigeon inspired optimisation; PIO; wind turbine project cost.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116327
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:3:p:263-274
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jignesh M. Joshi
Author-X-Name-First: Jignesh M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi
Author-Name: Narendra N. Dalei
Author-X-Name-First: Narendra N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalei
Author-Name: Pratik Mehta
Author-X-Name-First: Pratik
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehta
Title: Estimating the energy consumption of Indian refineries: an empirical analysis based on panel data econometrics
Abstract:
The oil refinery sector is regarded as the leading energy-consuming industry that shares 33.1% of the total energy consumption in industrial sectors in India. Therefore, the present study estimates the actual energy consumption by using panel data of 12 Indian oil refineries for the period from 2011-2012 to 2016-2017. Using pooled OLS, fixed and random effect models, feasible generalised least squares and panel-corrected standard error models the study observed that that distillate yield, high sulphur crude processed, refinery age and refinery structure (dummy variable) are significant and positively affected to specific and actual energy consumption. Therefore, policies should be adopted for judicious use of these variables to reduce energy consumption in Indian refineries. The study recommends that Indian refiners have to adopt waste heat recovery, flare gas recovery, overall site heat integration and best operating practices to reduce energy consumption.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 275-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: energy consumption; crude oil refining; age of refinery; sour crude; refinery complexity; distillate yield; waste heat recovery; flare gas recovery; panel-corrected standard error models; random effect model; feasible generalised least squares.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116328
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:3:p:275-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nikita O. Kapustin
Author-X-Name-First: Nikita O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kapustin
Author-Name: Dmitry A. Grushevenko
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitry A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grushevenko
Author-Name: Ekatrina V. Grushevenko
Author-X-Name-First: Ekatrina V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grushevenko
Title: Russian oil industry under sanctions: analysis of long-term implications and adaptation strategies
Abstract:
Since 2014 Russian oil industry has been under sanctions. Nevertheless, oil production increased from 518 (2012) to 548 million tons in 2016. This increase in production was due to development of major greenfield projects, initiated way before 2014. Our calculations show that by 2025 the new fields will pass peak production and the issue of maintaining production will become increasingly acute. The key to ensuring stable oil output is the development and implementation of new, advanced technologies, which became the target of the sanctions. Government and oil companies need to formulate comprehensive strategies and provide focused joint efforts to overcome import dependency. A combination of building up domestic production and expertise and establishing connections with new foreign suppliers is advisable. Political differences should not prevent cooperation with Western companies as it benefits all parties.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 299-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: Russia; sanctions; oil industry; oil production; forecast; modelling; oil production technologies; import substitution; adaptation; energy policy.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116331
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:3:p:299-322
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gopisetti Manikanta
Author-X-Name-First: Gopisetti
Author-X-Name-Last: Manikanta
Author-Name: Ashish Mani
Author-X-Name-First: Ashish
Author-X-Name-Last: Mani
Author-Name: Hemender Pal Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Hemender Pal
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Author-Name: Devendra Kumar Chaturvedi
Author-X-Name-First: Devendra Kumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaturvedi
Title: Simultaneous application of distributed generator and network reconfiguration for power loss reduction using an adaptive quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm
Abstract:
In power system networks, a common problem encountered by distribution utilities is power losses from their respective networks. Independent implementation of DG and network reconfiguration are majorly used techniques to reduce the losses. In this study, two different scenarios are created with different cases to reduce losses. In Scenario I, simultaneous placement and sizing of DG along with network reconfiguration is used. In Scenario II, an investigation has been performed to reduce the power losses with increased number of small sized DGs. Five cases have been created by operating different DGs, i.e., other than three in parallel with network reconfiguration. An adaptive quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm (AQiEA) is used to maximise the percentage loss reduction and improve voltage profile. The effectiveness of AQiEA is demonstrated and computer simulations are carried out on two IEEE standard benchmark test bus systems. Experimental results indicate that AQiEA has better performance as compared with other algorithms.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 140-179
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: quantum; metaheuristics; distributed system; optimisation; power loss.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:2:p:140-179
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khadeejah Adebisi Abdulsalam
Author-X-Name-First: Khadeejah Adebisi
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulsalam
Author-Name: Kingsley Ovime Owomero
Author-X-Name-First: Kingsley Ovime
Author-X-Name-Last: Owomero
Title: Distortion minimisation of harvested electrical energy over wireless medium
Abstract:
In this work, two point-to-point energy communication links were considered. The first link transmits energy from different energy harvesting sources to a fusion centre with a unity channel gain while the second involves the transmission of energy from a point (the base station) to a mobile station under a known fading profile. The objective of the first link is to minimise the inherent distortion in the transmission from different energy harvesting sources to a fusion centre while the second link maximises the throughput of the harvested energy to the mobile station. In both cases, the problem was formulated in a convex optimisation framework and the optimal power transmission policy was derived. Lastly, the impacts of correlation in the optimal power transmission policy and processing energy cost in the power transmission policy for the maximisation of throughput were presented. We conclude that efficient harvest of electrical energy and transmission over wireless medium can be used to supply electrical energy to mobile devices.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 180-203
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: energy harvesting; communication; wireless power transfer; distortion; fusion centre; unity channel; fading profile; convex optimisation; mobile devices; transmission.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:2:p:180-203
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rahul Jaiswal
Author-X-Name-First: Rahul
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaiswal
Author-Name: Anshul Agarwal
Author-X-Name-First: Anshul
Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal
Author-Name: Richa Negi
Author-X-Name-First: Richa
Author-X-Name-Last: Negi
Title: A phase shifted modular multilevel converter with variable arm inductance
Abstract:
The performance of a modular multilevel converter depends on modulation technique, circuit parameter and harmonic order, etc. This performance can be improved by better modulation technique, proper selection of circuit parameters (arm inductance and capacitance), etc. This paper presents the performance of a modular multilevel converter using a phase shifted and phase disposition modulation technique. It has been observed that the total harmonic distortion of phase shifted modulation technique is better than the total harmonic distortion of phase disposition modulation technique. The paper also shows the analysis of modular multilevel converters using variable arm inductance. A comparative analysis of voltage and current THD has also been shown here. The total harmonic distortion is minimum below 100 μH arm inductance. The THD has been improved at the minimum value of arm inductance for both modulation techniques. This improved THD of MMC is very efficient for wind farm application. All analysis has been done by using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 204-226
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: modular multilevel converter; MMC; phase shifted pulse width modulation; PS-PWM; phase disposition pulse width modulation; PD-PWM; total harmonic distortion; THD; arm inductance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114375
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:2:p:204-226
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Preeti Verma
Author-X-Name-First: Preeti
Author-X-Name-Last: Verma
Author-Name: Seethalekshmi Kaimal
Author-X-Name-First: Seethalekshmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaimal
Author-Name: Bharti Dwivedi
Author-X-Name-First: Bharti
Author-X-Name-Last: Dwivedi
Title: A new fragled series resonance-bridge fault current limiter with fuzzy logic controller to enhance fault ride through capabilities in DFIG-wind farms
Abstract:
In the wind energy market, the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is the most popular generator over the other generators. However, the noteworthy concern for DFIG-based wind farms (WFs) is to retain transient stability at fault condition and according to grid code requirements, generators should connect to the grid. Therefore, the need of some solution against the severity is essential. In this paper, a series resonance-bridge type fault current limiter (SR-BFCL) with accurate nonlinear fuzzy logic control is proposed to achieve the fault ride through (FRT) capabilities. The proposed FCL provides low-voltage ride through (LVRT) and reactive power compensation. A comparative analysis has been performed with inductive-type bridge fault current limiter (I-BFCL). Simulation results are performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment under both symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. A quantitative analysis is reported in terms of the performance indexes that indicate the proposed FCL gives a better performance in comparison to the I-BFCL.
Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy
Pages: 117-139
Issue: 2
Volume: 17
Year: 2021
Keywords: doubly fed induction generator; DFIG; wind farm; WF; fault ride through; FRT; series resonance-bridge type fault current limiter; SR-BFCL; inductive type fault current limiter; I-BFCL.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:17:y:2021:i:2:p:117-139