Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mauricio Dester Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio Author-X-Name-Last: Dester Author-Name: Alberto Luiz Francato Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Luiz Author-X-Name-Last: Francato Title: Comparative analysis of sustainable electric energy generation technologies using a multi-criteria decision methodology Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to determine the technological options for electricity production based on available electric energy sources in Brazil. The results from this study can be used as a reference for the elaboration of guidelines and public policies that are needed to support plans for electric energy supply expansion. Furthermore, these results can provide input on the construction of energy mix that can meet Brazilian demands and help achieve sustainability in the generation expansion process. The study is based on a multi-criteria analysis methodology that ranks the best alternatives for electric energy production based on criteria linked to sustainability and environmental, technical and economic dimensions. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 64-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: energy mix; electric energy sources; EES; generation expansion planning; sustainability; multi-criteria analysis. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:64-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charity Kageni Mbaka Author-X-Name-First: Charity Kageni Author-X-Name-Last: Mbaka Author-Name: Philomena Muiruri Author-X-Name-First: Philomena Author-X-Name-Last: Muiruri Author-Name: Kennedy Obiero Author-X-Name-First: Kennedy Author-X-Name-Last: Obiero Author-Name: Masika Oscar Kisaka Author-X-Name-First: Masika Oscar Author-X-Name-Last: Kisaka Title: Intra-regional accessibility and take-up of grid extended electricity among rural households: case of Meru-South Sub-County in Kenya Abstract: Electricity services are crucial for human well-being and to a country's socio-economic development. Lagging development has been attributed among others factors to lack of modern energy sources among rural households. At present, the Kenyan Government is committed to extending the grid to the rural areas. This article reviews emerging trends of grid-based rural electrification and empirically examines the short-term effects of electricity at household level. The result revealed minimal electricity take up by the rural households. Conversely, it is established that electricity coverage improved over years. There is a distinctive disparity in spatial distribution in adoption, non-adoption and access. Electricity take up has substantial benefits to households especially in improving the quality of life. However, electricity is minimally used for income generating services. The government should be committed to periodically and exclusively review the progress of rural electrification in each region to identify the setbacks which assist in policy review and reformulation. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 88-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: adoption; electricity; grid; benefits; rural households; rural electrification; non-adoption; accessibility; transformers; spatial; disparity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:88-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeyhun Mikayilov Author-X-Name-First: Jeyhun Author-X-Name-Last: Mikayilov Author-Name: Fakhri Hasanov Author-X-Name-First: Fakhri Author-X-Name-Last: Hasanov Author-Name: Sabuhi Yusifov Author-X-Name-First: Sabuhi Author-X-Name-Last: Yusifov Title: Residential electricity use effects of population in Kazakhstan Abstract: We studied impacts of population groups of 15-64 and 65-above on residential electricity use in Kazakhstan in the STIRPAT framework. Unlike earlier studies for Kazakhstan in the STIRPAT framework, we applied time series cointegration and error correction methods. Results from the autoregressive distributed lags bounds testing approach indicate a significant impact of the age group of 15-64 on the residential electricity use in long-run, however, the age group of 65-above has only short-run effects and affluence has no effect. Another finding is that, 21% of short-run disequilibrium can be corrected towards long-run equilibrium during a year. Policymakers should consider the trend of the population group of 15-64 in their decision about the long-run stance of the residential electricity consumption. The trend suggests an implementation of energy conservative policy and increasing efficiency of its usage. Another policy implication is that household's electricity consumption is not income dependent maybe due to cheap electricity prices subsidised by the government. In the short-run, policy makers should consider the age group of 65-above among other factors in their implementations. Moreover, they should be careful in making any policy shock to the residential electricity consumption system, because convergence towards long-run equilibrium path takes about six years. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 114-132 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: age groups; residential electricity consumption; STIRPAT; Kazakhstan; cointegration; error correction modelling; income; Commonwealth of Independent States; CIS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:114-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Madhu Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Madhu Author-Name: H. Kanagasabapathy Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Kanagasabapathy Author-Name: I. Neethi Manickam Author-X-Name-First: I. Neethi Author-X-Name-Last: Manickam Title: Conversion of cotton residues to bio-oil and chemicals through flash pyrolysis in a fluidised bed reactor Abstract: Pyrolysis process offers solution to utilise huge quantity of biomass to produce fuel for energy needs. This paper describes the development of a new model for waste cotton shell pyrolysis. This model calculates the minimum fluidisation velocity for various sand particles for better fluidisation. Cotton shell wastes were subjected to pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure under inert gas atmosphere in a fluidised bed setup to determine the effect of operation parameters. The sand particle size 0.71 mm offered better fluidisation and is more economical as it utilises low hydrogen flow rate. The maximum yield of bio-oil 51 wt% can be obtained under the operation parameters of 450°C pyrolysis temperature, 1 mm particle size at sweep gas flow rate of 1.75 m<SUP align="right"><SMALL>3</SMALL></SUP>/h. In addition, the characterisation study of the bio-oil has been done for its physical and chemical analysis with gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The elements and its derivatives found in the GC-MS analysis are used as a feed stock for chemical industries. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 20-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: biomass; cotton shell; fluidised bed; flash pyrolysis; chemical compounds. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:20-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kesavan Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kesavan Author-Name: T.V. Arjunan Author-X-Name-First: T.V. Author-X-Name-Last: Arjunan Title: Experimental study on triple pass solar air heater with thermal energy storage for drying mint leaves Abstract: Solar dryer is used to preserve agricultural products, save energy consumption and reducing environmental impact. A new type of solar collector has been designed and tested. This study deals with the design of a modular drying system consisting of two functional units, namely a triple pass flat plate air collector with thermal storage and a drying chamber. The flat plate collector is 2 m long, 1 m wide and 0.1 m deep, and incorporates absorber and thermal energy storage unit. Air flows between two glazing during first pass then in the opposite direction through the absorber during second pass and finally through the spaces between units of thermal energy storage and bottom plate into drying chamber. The experiments are conducted for drying mint leaves and the results show that considerable improvement in drying time and moisture removal. It is concluded that the design is compact, sufficiently simple and gives a high thermal performance. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 34-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: solar dryer; triple pass; absorber; thermal energy storage; mint leaves; useful collector gain; thermal efficiency. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:34-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamilvanan Ayyasamy Author-X-Name-First: Tamilvanan Author-X-Name-Last: Ayyasamy Author-Name: Kulendran Balamurugan Author-X-Name-First: Kulendran Author-X-Name-Last: Balamurugan Author-Name: Saravanan Duraisamy Author-X-Name-First: Saravanan Author-X-Name-Last: Duraisamy Title: Production, performance and emission analysis of Tamanu oil - diesel blends along with biogas in a diesel engine in dual cycle mode Abstract: Bio-fuels are proved to be very good substitutes for the existing petroleum fuels. Blends of biodiesel extracted from Tamanu oil (B100, B80, B60, B40, and B20) along with induction of biogas with constant mass flow of 2.313 * 10<SUP align="right"><SMALL>&minus;5</SMALL></SUP> kg/s are used for conducting performance and emission analysis. The tests are carried out at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load conditions. Among the blends B20, B40 and B100 have shown a better performance with respect to brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and specific fuel consumption. All blends show reduction in HC when compared to diesel. But NO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>x</SMALL></SUB> emission increases with increase in load. But, CO has slightly increased for the induction of biogas compared to the diesel at all load conditions. Experimental investigations show that blending of Tamanu oil methyl esters along with biogas can be used in diesel engine without any modification and also it reduces the harmful emissions. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 4-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: biodiesel; biogas; calophyllum inophyllum; Tamanu oil; dual fuel; performance and emission. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:4-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Seenivasan Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Seenivasan Author-Name: V. Selladurai Author-X-Name-First: V. Author-X-Name-Last: Selladurai Author-Name: T.V. Arjunan Author-X-Name-First: T.V. Author-X-Name-Last: Arjunan Title: Experimental studies on the performance of dehumidifier using calcium chloride as a liquid desiccant Abstract: The performance of liquid desiccant air conditioning system (LDAS) mainly depends on dehumidifier of the system. In this study, the effects of inlet parameters on the performance of liquid desiccant dehumidifiers were studied with and without indirect evaporative cooler or intercooler (IDEC) between the dehumidifier for single stage and double stage. The results show that: i) the dehumidification effectiveness decreases by 8.6% for the all types considered here, with increase in air flow rate from 0.05 kg/s to 0.11 kg/s; ii) the dehumidifier effectiveness decreases due to decrease of moisture removal rate with increasing desiccant temperature in all stages; iii) the moisture condensation rate and dehumidifier effectiveness increases by 30% and 22.67% respectively with increase in desiccant flow rate; iv) the moisture condensation rate is increased by 13% in increasing desiccant concentration. It is concluded that double stage desiccant dehumidifier with indirect evaporative cooler performs better. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 49-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: liquid desiccant; dehumidifier; moisture condensation rate; MCR; dehumidifier effectiveness; indirect evaporative cooler; IEDC. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:49-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahesh S. Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Mahesh S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: S.P. Anbuudayasankar Author-X-Name-First: S.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Anbuudayasankar Author-Name: Sreeniketh Variyer Author-X-Name-First: Sreeniketh Author-X-Name-Last: Variyer Title: Scheduling and optimisation of refinery operations under fluctuating bitumen demand Abstract: This study presents a new planning algorithm for petroleum products with fluctuating demand. The proposed algorithm is tested with analysing and forecasting bitumen sales of a refinery. The algorithm presented in this study utilises decomposition forecasting with scenario analysis and optimisation. We introduced a risk measure factor in the objective function that would help to forecast the sales with more accuracy. Scenario analysis is conducted to analyse the bitumen sales and production at different conditions. The proposed algorithm would generate a favourable refinery operation schedule that would enable the production and sales with more refinery margin. The planning algorithm is validated with a case study. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 170-196 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: petroleum supply chain; PSC; forecast; scheduling; decomposition model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:170-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maryam Ebrahimi Author-X-Name-First: Maryam Author-X-Name-Last: Ebrahimi Title: Multi-method approach for the comparative analysis of solar and wind energy industry structures in Germany and Iran Abstract: The objective of this paper is comparing solar and wind energy industry structures in Germany and Iran through applying four industry analysis techniques known as strategy tools in technological issues including five forces model, diamond model, triple helix model, and sectoral innovation system in a comprehensive model. Regarding the purpose of the study, four research questions are specified which emphasises on understanding and analysing the current competition conditions, competitive advantage in the global market, main institutional players, and conditions of functions of innovation system. In order to answer the questions, a field interview using a questionnaire was conducted which includes indicators derived from literature review. Respondents are 30 experts who are aware of the solar and wind energy industry in Iran and Germany and are selected by purposive sampling. In order to further justify the answers provided by the participants, various world statistical data is used and presented. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 197-225 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: comparative analysis; renewable energy; industry structure; Germany; Iran. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:197-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anatoliy G. Goncharuk Author-X-Name-First: Anatoliy G. Author-X-Name-Last: Goncharuk Author-Name: Valerii I. Havrysh Author-X-Name-First: Valerii I. Author-X-Name-Last: Havrysh Author-Name: Vitalii S. Nitsenko Author-X-Name-First: Vitalii S. Author-X-Name-Last: Nitsenko Title: National features for alternative motor fuels market Abstract: The objective of this study is the identification of specific national aspects that influence the alternative motor fuel usage. Empirical and statistical data have been used. For economical estimation of fuels, mathematical and economic modelling was used. World progress of society and the use of power resources trends have been shown. It is determined, that the last years' bioethanol production growth is almost stable. But biodiesel production has been slowing down. Efficiency of biofuels utilisation has been analysed. Biofuels production is most developed in countries which have favourable climate conditions, high developed agriculture, enough agricultural area and government support. General and specific barriers for biofuel usage have been examined. Regions of concentrated alternative fuels use have been revealed. Modern economic factors which influence on a production and applications of alternative fuels have been shown. Basic national features have been revealed. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 226-249 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: alternative motor fuels; biofuel; compressed natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas; consumption; production; feedstock; incentives; efficiency; country. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:226-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan Qudrat-Ullah Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Qudrat-Ullah Author-Name: Muhammad Ashiq Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Ashiq Author-Name: Naveed Subhani Author-X-Name-First: Naveed Author-X-Name-Last: Subhani Title: How to make better energy policy decisions? The stock and flow perspective Abstract: Energy policy issues and challenges abound. This paper addresses the energy policy as a complex, dynamic task whereby the planners and decision makers manage 'stocks' of limited resources. The stock and flow perspective provides a unique and powerful set of tools to better equip the policy decision makers to take on these challenges. By making use of various tools and techniques of system dynamics methodology such as causal loop diagrams, stock and flow diagrams, mathematical formulations, and structure-behaviour graphs of various energy system processes, it is shown how the stock and flow perspective can effectively address energy policy issues. With an understanding of the physics of underlying feedback loop structures of an energy system, and structure-behaviour graphs of various energy system processes including energy demand, policy incentives and inter-fuel substitution mechanism, and energy supply, the energy policy decision makers are expected to develop insights and make better decisions. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 250-275 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: energy policy; stock and flow perspective; system dynamics; causal loop diagram; CLD; feedback loops; policy incentives. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:250-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdulsalam Mas'ud Author-X-Name-First: Abdulsalam Author-X-Name-Last: Mas'ud Author-Name: Nor Aziah Abdul Manaf Author-X-Name-First: Nor Aziah Abdul Author-X-Name-Last: Manaf Author-Name: Natrah Saad Author-X-Name-First: Natrah Author-X-Name-Last: Saad Title: Influence of fiscal regime adjustment on investment climate of marginal oil fields in Malaysia: a scenario analysis Abstract: Since 1970s, oil and gas sector in Malaysia has been undergoing series of fiscal regime adjustments. The rationale of which was connected to the country's desire to improve the investment climate of its remaining oil and gas fields. Recently in 2010, the fiscal changes were made for marginal fields. These new fiscal changes resulted in increase in tax incentives and change in fiscal arrangement from production sharing contract to risk service contract. In this study, a comparison of the marginal fields' investment climate under old and new fiscal regimes was conducted using nine different scenarios relating to oil prices and reserve levels. The results using investor's net present value and internal rate of return revealed that the new fiscal regime would likely render investment climate more favourable in the majority of the scenarios - with the exception to those relating to high oil prices, which fiscal regime under production sharing contract would likely be more favourable. The policy implication is that offering windfall incentive or increasing field's contractors' remuneration would likely improve the attractiveness of the new fiscal regime under risk service contract. However, the caveat is that considerations should be given to the assumptions employed in the study while applying its findings for a decision. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 276-291 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: fiscal regime; fiscal arrangement; production sharing contract; PSC; risk service contract; RSC; tax incentives. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:276-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boubakeur Hadji Author-X-Name-First: Boubakeur Author-X-Name-Last: Hadji Author-Name: Belkacem Mahdad Author-X-Name-First: Belkacem Author-X-Name-Last: Mahdad Author-Name: Kamel Srairi Author-X-Name-First: Kamel Author-X-Name-Last: Srairi Author-Name: N. Mancer Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Mancer Title: Optimal power flow solution considering wind integration using dance bee colony with dynamic step Abstract: This article investigates the adaptation and application of a flexible variant-based dance bee colony (DBC) with dynamic step size for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) in the presence of multi wind sources. The particularity of the proposed planning strategy is that the active and reactive power generated by the wind sources to be dynamically exchanged with the network are optimised individually and simultaneously in coordination with other control variables such as: voltage and reactive power of generating units, and tap transformers. Four objective functions have been considered, fuel cost, emission, power loss and voltage deviation. The effectiveness of the proposed OPF is validated on the IEEE 30-bus power system for different objective functions. Results found compared to recent techniques proves the ability of the proposed planning strategy-based DBC for solving practical OPF problems considering the integration of wind sources. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 133-152 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: optimal power flow; OPF; wind sources; PSO_TVAC; dance bee colony; power loss; cost; emission; voltage deviation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90696 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:133-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Auroshis Rout Author-X-Name-First: Auroshis Author-X-Name-Last: Rout Author-Name: Sudhansu S. Sahoo Author-X-Name-First: Sudhansu S. Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo Author-Name: Sanju Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Sanju Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Shinu M. Varghese Author-X-Name-First: Shinu M. Author-X-Name-Last: Varghese Title: A service-based business model for rapid diffusion of solar water heaters in India Abstract: Commercialisation of decentralised renewable energy products is a key challenge across the globe. This paper proposes an innovative business model to handle this issue. When this model was applied to a solar water heater along with porter's five force approach, business opportunity was found. Though solar water heater is expensive, it is a technically and economically viable option. The unique selling proposition of this innovative business model is formation of a new service based company which will invest in installation and maintenance of solar water heaters and collect money from the end users on a monthly basis just like electricity bill. The service is being provided at 10% discount rate to electricity, in case used for heating water. So the main issue behind adoption of solar water heater, high capital cost has been resolved. This model can be considered as a platform for energy policy makers in developing countries like India. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 331-347 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: solar water heater; SWH; business model; porter's five force; feasibility analysis; energy policy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:331-347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michel Rwema Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Rwema Author-Name: Wojciech M. Budzianowski Author-X-Name-First: Wojciech M. Author-X-Name-Last: Budzianowski Title: Renewable energy and sustainable economic growth of Rwanda: energy policy implications Abstract: Over the last ten years, about 70% of the people in Rwanda live without access to electricity. Currently, biomass dominates energy source with 85% of Rwanda's total energy supply. Consequently, around 90% of the rural populations majorly rely on biomass for cooking and lighting among other uses. The use of renewable energy is low with geothermal and wind energy sources presently unexploited. This paper assesses the renewable energy status and its contribution towards the economic growth of Rwanda. It stresses energy policy insights and implications for sustainability. It was noted that total renewable energy increased by 144% within the first period of the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS I). This was due to several measures and strategies undertaken. Measures included promoting the use of small and mini-grids in power generation. The authors recommend the government to allocate necessary resources to sustain the renewable energy strategies. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 319-330 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: renewable energy; economic growth; sustainability; energy; policy; Rwanda; energy policy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:319-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wojciech M. Budzianowski Author-X-Name-First: Wojciech M. Author-X-Name-Last: Budzianowski Title: Enhancing low-carbon economic growth by renewable energy uptake in countries with per capita gross domestic product between 10 and 20 kUSD Abstract: The study investigates how countries with per capita GDP between 10 and 20 kUSD (further referred to as middle-income countries) should shape domestic economies to enhance low-carbon economic growth and how low-carbon transition can be eventually turned to opportunity. The research starts from comparing and analysing middle-income economies, especially their CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions indicators. Also relationships between CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions and income for 138 countries obtained by applying regression analysis are constructed and evaluated. Outcomes from these analyses are configured in the form of climate policy. The proposed climate policy involves a set of key low-carbon technologies and affordable assets fitting the needs of middle-income countries. Besides, the climate policy aims to create the enabling business environment relying on economic, societal, regulatory and political enablers. The resulting economic system facilitates clean renewable energy uptake and triggers sustainable economic development finally potentially leading to low-carbon economic growth. The study emphasises that by making effective technologies and assets choices and reducing system costs, middle-income countries might be able to deliver affordable energy, thus driving industrialisation and finally enhancing economic growth. The proposed economic instruments can ease investments in capital intensive renewable energy infrastructures primarily by increasing capital availability, managing risks and reducing interest rates which are all typically unfavourable in middle-income countries. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 292-318 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: economic growth; enabling business environment; environmental Kuznets curve; EKC; low-carbon economy; middle-income country; renewable energy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:292-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hector David Agudelo Arias Author-X-Name-First: Hector David Agudelo Author-X-Name-Last: Arias Author-Name: Andrés Julián Aristizábal Cardona Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Julián Aristizábal Author-X-Name-Last: Cardona Title: A methodology for the technical and financial implementation of photovoltaic technology in Chocó, Colombia Abstract: This work shows a methodology for the implementation of photovoltaic (PV) technology in the Pacific region of Chocó, Colombia with a visual strategy. The results indicate that the energy that the photovoltaic generator must produce to supply 100% of the energy demand of a residential user stratum 1, must be 1,500 kWh/month; which represents an associated accumulated cost of USD 152 taking into account the application of the benefits of the Colombian Law 1715 (2014). The cost of the photovoltaic system under these conditions is USD 3,260/user. The average cost of energy for an initial grant of 70% and at a purchase price of the generated photovoltaic kWh equal to the kWh price of the grid (Fp = 1), is USD 0.075/kWh. We present also a schematic proposal of financing for interconnected photovoltaic systems using RETScreen&trade;, taking into account sources of government funding. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 153-169 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: energy technology; policy; financial implementation; photovoltaic technology; photovoltaic implementation; Colombia; energy demand; grid; photovoltaic generator; residential user; photovoltaic system; renewable energy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90709 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:153-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wojciech M. Budzianowski Author-X-Name-First: Wojciech M. Author-X-Name-Last: Budzianowski Title: Influence of technological improvement and adoption rate of biogas industry on greenhouse gas footprint of the energy system of Poland between 2000 and 2100 Abstract: Biogas industry has complex value chain which increases its life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint and reduces energy return on invested (ERoI). Therefore, the effect of biogas industry on GHG footprint of energy systems needs to be well understood. This paper investigates the influence of technological improvement and adoption rate of biogas industry on GHG footprint of the Polish energy system by using a scenario analysis from 2000 to 2100. The main findings reveal that today the size of the biogas industry is too small to affect Poland's GHG emissions. However, in the next few decades, along with growing biogas production capacity, this influence might become more pronounced if GHG footprint of biogas industry is successfully reduced. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 348-368 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: biogas; greenhouse gas; GHG; life cycle analysis; LCA; energy system; Poland. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:2/3:p:348-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maryam Ebrahimi Author-X-Name-First: Maryam Author-X-Name-Last: Ebrahimi Title: A fuzzy MCDM-based approach for renewable energy technologies prioritisation Abstract: The main objective of this study is to build a decision model adapted to prioritise renewable energy technologies by applying fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. A comprehensive set of criteria is presented based on sustainability due to its importance in the long-term, particularly in the field of energy which is a key element of sustainable development. They are classified into five categories such as technical, economic, environmental, social, and political criteria. This model is then operationalised in the scope of solar energy technologies in Iran. This paper examines and compares the results of fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy PROMETHEE based on a single decision maker. The results show that rather than the two technologies, others in both methods have moderate differences in ranking. However, technological decisions are preferred to be made based on FTOPSIS results because it is considered to be more realistic. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 369-389 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: renewable energy; technology prioritisation; Iran; multi-criteria decision making; MCDM; fuzzy logic. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:369-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed S. Al-Soud Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed S. Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Soud Title: Implementation of photovoltaic energy generation to reduce the cost of electricity in the water sector in Jordan Abstract: Regarding the tariff modifications of the electricity system which occurred in 2013. The electricity prices for the water sector will increase annually from 76 fills in 2013 to 133 fills in 2017.This will increase the total electricity expenses to 250 million JOD per year. This study assessed and evaluated options to generate photovoltaic technology (PV) as a means to reduce the cost of electricity in the water sector. For this purpose, five water facilities were selected. The proposed solutions for the implementation of PV projects including their economic sustainability and technical feasibility, with the possibility to be connected the PV systems to the grid. For Jordanian areas, using typical CAPEX, OPEX and the current electricity prices for end-users the simulations emphasis that it is more economically sustainable and might bring sensible benefits for the water companies. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 390-408 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: water pumping; photovoltaic; net metering; power wheeling; capital expenditures; CAPEX; operating expenses; OPEX; Jordan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:390-408 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javad Soltanzadeh Author-X-Name-First: Javad Author-X-Name-Last: Soltanzadeh Author-Name: Reza Salami Author-X-Name-First: Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Salami Title: Role of public R%D funding in fuel cell: analysis on Iranian universities Abstract: Achieving sustainable development, environmental protection and security of energy supply are two main challenges of government in developed or developing countries. In developed countries, technological regimes and its actors have self-willingness to track advanced technologies and new knowledge (such as Fuel Cell) due to system and market failures, developing countries need to insert R%D expenditure in particular for public universities. But can governments promote FC technology only by increasing R%D funding? This paper surveyed 900 papers published by Iranian researchers from 2000 to 2014. Result is shown that: 1) Iran is 21st countries of published papers in fuel cell field; 2) most of these papers focus on PEM and SOFC; 3) more than 80% of total papers have been published by 23 public universities; 4) policymakers must create R%D network to improve funding efficiency and design effective policy to commercialize new created knowledge that encourages the demand side. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 409-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: sustainable development; renewable energy; public R%D funding; fuel cell; Iranian universities; Iran. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:409-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Chukwunonso Nwoye Author-X-Name-First: F. Chukwunonso Author-X-Name-Last: Nwoye Author-Name: Ezenwa N. Obiora Author-X-Name-First: Ezenwa N. Author-X-Name-Last: Obiora Title: Trend appraisal of Nigeria's energy sector and its implication on living standards Abstract: Utility capacity and energy consumption in Nigeria over a 10-year period 2005-2014 were analysed. Improvement was recorded from 2010 through 2014 for yearly and monthly peak load demand and energy consumption. The coming on stream of some NIPP plants, reduction in vandalism of gas infrastructure following the presidential amnesty to Niger Delta militant in August 2009, the launching of power sector road map in 2010 which saw to the eventual privatisation of power generation and distribution and mean monthly reservoir inflow for Kainji Dam respectively were seen to influence the yearly and monthly energy distribution. By regression technique, per capita electricity consumption (EC/capita) was used to predict to a reasonable degree of accuracy the living standard indicators-infrastructure availability and purchasing power parity. The implication of this therefore is that for there to be a positive shift in the economic and social well-being of the populace attention must be given to the provision of functional energy infrastructure. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 429-451 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: energy consumption; utility capacity; normal distribution; regression technique; Nigeria; energy sector; energy policy; living standards. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:429-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zaccheus O. Olaofe Author-X-Name-First: Zaccheus O. Author-X-Name-Last: Olaofe Title: Assessment and validation of the offshore wind resource using WRF-derived and CCMP L3.0 ocean winds: south coast of South Africa Abstract: As the costs of erecting high-quality observation masts on the coasts are inhibitive, the assessment of offshore wind resource relies on the mesoscale modelling or/and satellite ocean winds. Hence, the offshore wind resource maps at 10 m off the south coast were assessed from a regional climate model (RCM) based on 3 km mesoscale wind simulations of 6-hourly resolution for the period of October 2006 to December 2011. To assess the ability of the WRF model in simulating the near-surface ocean winds as a basis for high-resolution wind resource assessment, the CCMP L3.0 ocean winds derived from combination of cross calibrated satellite observations at 10 m amsl were utilised. The mean deviations of the WRF-derived wind speed and power density range between &minus;0.29 and 0.35 m/s; &minus;33 and 60 W/m<SUP align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUP>, respectively when compared against the CCMP winds, representing significant improvement after downscaling. The existence of large-scale wind resource at 10 m height was recorded off the south coast with an estimated mean wind power density ranging between 340 and 505 W/m<SUP align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUP>. Furthermore, it is presented that the WRF modelling based on knowledge of the spatial and temporal scales of the atmospheric phenomena at a proposed site can be fully utilised for assessing the energy potentials at coastal region and over the land. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 452-486 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: offshore wind resource; renewable energy; WRF modelling; satellite winds; Weibull MOM; maximum likelihood method; energy technology; statistical downscaling; South Africa. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:452-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanadi Taher Author-X-Name-First: Hanadi Author-X-Name-Last: Taher Title: Renewable energy demand in the Lebanese economy Abstract: This paper studies the renewable energy development in Lebanon. We formulate a model for testing the energy demand based on electricity consumption as proxy for renewable energy usage and other independent variables and develop a set of recommendations regarding the renewable energy development. We test model using a simple regression dataset for Lebanon from 1990 to 2013. The results indicate that energy demand is influenced negatively by electricity consumption, which reflect the renewable energy development in Lebanon. The renewable energy in Lebanon is still in its early stages although it varies from one sector to another thus, development here could be leaded through public and private institutions. Our research findings focus on the role of private and public policies for leading innovation in the renewable energy system as the new energy future for Lebanon and well for the region. Journal: Int. J. of Energy Technology and Policy Pages: 487-500 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2018 Keywords: renewable energy; energy demand; sustainable energy; economic growth; Lebanese economy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijetpo:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:487-500