Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nabyla Daidj Author-X-Name-First: Nabyla Author-X-Name-Last: Daidj Author-Name: Thierry Delécolle Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Author-X-Name-Last: Delécolle Author-Name: Cédric Diridollou Author-X-Name-First: Cédric Author-X-Name-Last: Diridollou Title: Towards the transformation of technological platforms' business models: the Uber example Abstract: This research aims to understand whether and how dynamic capabilities play a key role in the transformation of platforms' business models. The analysis is based on the case of Uber, a major company in the sharing-economy transportation market. It is shown that this company is characterised by a dynamic business model, whose evolution comprises three phases corresponding to the dynamic capabilities' framework: the sensing phase (value creation), the seizing phase (iterative creation of the business model itself) and the transformation phase. A simple platform for connecting drivers and private individuals at the time of its creation, Uber is now a multi-sided technological platform, putting data at the centre of its value creation model. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 269-283 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: platform; business model; big data; value creation; dynamic capabilities; Uber. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126720 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:269-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olfa Berrich Author-X-Name-First: Olfa Author-X-Name-Last: Berrich Author-Name: Halim Dabbou Author-X-Name-First: Halim Author-X-Name-Last: Dabbou Author-Name: Mohamed Imen Gallali Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Imen Author-X-Name-Last: Gallali Title: Over-the-counter market and corporate bond market development Abstract: The objective of this paper was to empirically investigate the factors of corporate bond market development for a sample of emerging and developed countries over the period 2008-2017. Here, we used both fixed effect and Prais-Winsten methods to study the determinants of corporate bond market development. We document a negative and significant relationship between primary market issuance and the over-the-counter (OTC) secondary corporate bond market that can be explained by the inefficiency of the OTC corporate bond market and the lack of trade transparency for this trading venue. We suggest that these microstructure elements of the OTC secondary market harm the corporate bond market development and thus discourage corporate bonds issuance. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence of the relationship between economic growth, domestic credits, corruption and the issuance of the domestic corporate bond market. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 284-304 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: over-the-counter market; primary issuance; corporate bond market development; post-trade transparency; market liquidity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126722 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:284-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eymen Errais Author-X-Name-First: Eymen Author-X-Name-Last: Errais Author-Name: Baha Gritly Author-X-Name-First: Baha Author-X-Name-Last: Gritly Title: What drives private equity investments returns - evidence from African investments Abstract: This paper explores private equity return drivers in African countries. We focus on factors driven by macroeconomic, industry, and deal-level data instead of the classic investees fundamentals. This research uses a comprehensive dataset covering 242 deals closed between 1995 and 2020 in 194 companies, operating in 24 African countries, across 14 funds. Our paper shows that <i> exit routes</i>, <i>co-investments</i>, and <i>cash-out structures</i> have a positive impact on returns, while debt usage, firm experience, and ticket size have a limited role in driving returns. In terms of external factors, GDP growth has a positive impact on returns, while business environment variables are found to have a limited impact. The sector effect on returns has also been found to be significant, further reinforcing the importance of sector allocation as a performance driver in private equity. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 305-322 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: private equity; PE; internal rate of return; IRR; emerging markets. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126723 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:305-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tahir Sufi Author-X-Name-First: Tahir Author-X-Name-Last: Sufi Author-Name: Satinder Pal Singh Author-X-Name-First: Satinder Pal Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Factors responsible for failure of food tech start-ups in India Abstract: Information technology brought radical innovation to the catering industry. The internet has led to the growth of the online food delivery start-up. The use of smartphones and the internet transformed how food is ordered and consumed. The mobile applications enabled customers to order food from restaurants located at distant locations. However, a large number of the start-ups failed, although most of such start-ups received funding from investors. This paper identifies the factors that led to the failure of such companies. Such factors were identified through a review of literature, company reports and business news portals. The study used a questionnaire method to gather the data and used descriptive statistics to list the top failure factors. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the strategies of the failed and successful start-ups. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 323-335 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: food tech start-ups; food aggregators; failure factors; online food delivery services; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:323-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aman Grade Author-X-Name-First: Aman Author-X-Name-Last: Grade Author-Name: Tanmoy De Author-X-Name-First: Tanmoy Author-X-Name-Last: De Title: Is technology an enabler in the growth of mutual fund sector? A comparative study of BRICS nations Abstract: The paper analyses the progression of technology as an enabler in the mutual fund industries of the five emerging economies, i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The paper discusses the growth in terms of their FinTech adoption, total asset size, number of funds and average size for each industry. It compares the percentage of total assets under management in terms of global market, their equity mutual funds as a percentage of total market value, market concentration, technology as an enabler to facilitate transactions, and the distribution channels. The paper finds China as the biggest contributor among BRICS to the global mutual fund industry. Their direct digital distribution channels hold more than 80% of the sales. Following China is India, with their direct channels contributing almost 50% of the sales. While traditional channels are the norm in Brazil, South Africa and Russia, predictions indicate a digital future for them. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 336-375 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: mutual funds; emerging economies; asset allocation; asset management companies; AMCs; assets under management; AUM; FinTech; BRICS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:336-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robertson Khan Tengeh Author-X-Name-First: Robertson Khan Author-X-Name-Last: Tengeh Author-Name: Hammed O. Ojugbele Author-X-Name-First: Hammed O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ojugbele Author-Name: Oyebanjo G. Ogunlela Author-X-Name-First: Oyebanjo G. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogunlela Title: Towards a theory of indigenous entrepreneurship: a classic? Abstract: Indigenous people often do not get the full benefits of economic development, regardless of their proximity to production factors. While many academics have recognised and investigated indigenous people's problems, relatively few have suggested entrepreneurship as a means to addressing them. In this paper, we explore Peredo et al.'s (2004) work, 'Towards a theory of indigenous entrepreneurship - a theory of entrepreneurship that accounts for indigenous people and sustainability'. Using Scopus and Google Scholar, a bibliometric analysis confirmed the impact of this work, first published some 16 years ago. The analysis reveals that the paper has been referenced over 300 times, with over 70% of these citations originating from online academic journal articles and books and 30% from different types of websites. The paper's substantial impact on future research in indigenous entrepreneurship indicates that it is and will continue to be a foundational work on indigenous entrepreneurship. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: economic deprivation; marginalised communities; economic development; growth; sustainable development goals; SDGs; millennium development goals; MDGs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Open Access Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi Author-X-Name-First: Biswajit Prasad Author-X-Name-Last: Chhatoi Title: Resistance to swelling of strategic gender disparity: support of microfinance Abstract: Is enhanced income-generating ability due to microfinance participation has any impact on women empowerment? The current research explores riposte to the perennial research questions associated with social impact and gender disparity. More specifically, the researchers have tried to estimate the impact of microfinance participation on strategic gender need (SGN) decision-making. The researcher has collected information on different aspects of SGN and the socio-economic condition of 660 microfinance beneficiaries spread over four districts through a well-structured schedule. Rapid rural appraisal (RRA) technique was used to understand the working of self-help groups (SHGs) and the beneficiary's role in business and household activity. A probit model was used to estimate the impact of microfinance on SGN decision-making. Out of nine variables of SGN decision-making, microfinance participation, significantly impacts control over own income and creation of business assets. Microcredit participation has minimised the influence of patriarchal society and empowered women to take strategic decision independently. The impact assessment studies in microfinance were primarily focused on economic and social empowerment. Little reviews were found on the minimisation of gender inequalities. The current research is innovative in measuring the impact of microfinance on gender disparity minimisation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 376-403 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: empowerment; microfinance; probit; entrepreneurial decision; spending decision; mobility decision; strategic gender need; SGN. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:376-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Léopold Djoutsa Wamba Author-X-Name-First: Léopold Djoutsa Author-X-Name-Last: Wamba Author-Name: Joséphine Florentine Mbaduet Author-X-Name-First: Joséphine Florentine Author-X-Name-Last: Mbaduet Author-Name: Jean-Michel Sahut Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Sahut Author-Name: Lubica Hikkerova Author-X-Name-First: Lubica Author-X-Name-Last: Hikkerova Title: Factors that determine the level of environmental engagement of European companies: what are we doing wrong? Abstract: This study analyses the role of a company's financial capacity and governance in improving its level of environmental engagement. The methodology used is based on applying regression analysis to panel data on 351 listed large European companies during the period 2007-2015. Firstly, the results show that the companies in the sample are fairly engaged in environmental protection with strong dispersion. Furthermore, it revealed that the financial capacity of a company has a significant effect on its level of engagement in environmental protection. Lastly, the results also show that a better quality of governance plays an important role in the decision to undertake actions leading to environmental protection. More specifically, the degree of management implication in the running of the business, the respect shown for shareholder rights, the effectiveness of the control exerted by the board of directors and the independence of the audit committee are the most important determining factors of environmental engagement. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 404-430 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: environmental engagement; financial capacity; corporate governance; stakeholder; organisational legitimacy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126736 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:404-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio García-Tabuenca Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: García-Tabuenca Author-Name: Fernando Javier Crecente-Romero Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Javier Author-X-Name-Last: Crecente-Romero Author-Name: Federico Pablo-Martí Author-X-Name-First: Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Pablo-Martí Title: Exporting and indebtedness in Spanish firms - from the expansion to the great recession Abstract: This paper discusses the link between financial constraints and the behaviour of exporting and non-exporting firms in the period 2003-2012, which includes expansion (2003-2007) and crisis (2008-2012). A sample of 27,000 Spanish firms is used, of which 15,000 are exporters. We studied whether easy access to credit in the period of economic expansion or the challenging financial conditions arising from the crisis affected the competitiveness and internationalisation of these firms. We find evidence that during the expansion and bubble, the decision to export was not related to sources of financing. We also find that after the onset of the crisis, a firm's level of indebtedness had a negative relationship with its probability of exporting. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 450-475 Issue: 4 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: exporting firms; balance sheet recession; Spain; indebtedness. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122657 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:4:p:450-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Bulmash Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Bulmash Title: At the heart of things: the impact of life-partners on entrepreneurs' psychological capital Abstract: Given the uncertainties and challenges faced by entrepreneurs, psychological capital is now considered a leading factor in entrepreneurial longevity and success. However, since psychological capital has traditionally been considered a dispositional attribute, little attention has been given to the external factors that influence it. Based on the idea that psychological capital is a state rather than a trait, this study sought to test the association between life-partners' support and strain and entrepreneurs' mental states of optimism, pessimism, and self-esteem, which are three key psychological capital components. The interaction between life-partner support and strain was also examined. Results suggest that while both life-partner support and strain are linked to entrepreneur psychological capital, low levels of support result in the least favourable mental states, suggesting a support-buffering effect. This study provides important implications for all who are involved in entrepreneurial activities. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 476-488 Issue: 4 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; psychological capital; optimism; pessimism; self-esteem; life-partner; spouse; spousal capital; social capital. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122658 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:4:p:476-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vasilios Stouraitis Author-X-Name-First: Vasilios Author-X-Name-Last: Stouraitis Author-Name: Mior Harris Mior Harun Author-X-Name-First: Mior Harris Mior Author-X-Name-Last: Harun Author-Name: Markos Kyritsis Author-X-Name-First: Markos Author-X-Name-Last: Kyritsis Title: Exploring individual entrepreneurial orientation through education in emerging market conditions: the case of Malaysia and Thailand Abstract: The motivators that guide university students' individual entrepreneurial orientation towards new venture creation are an emerging theme. The novel settings of entrepreneurship education in the developing country context of South East Asia (Malaysia and Thailand) are used, while comparing them to key assumptions on general business in Asia and the west. A total of 332 participants were recruited. The items were reduced to five components using principal component analysis, and, using binomial logistic regression, shown to predict some of the variance in perceptions on individual entrepreneurial orientation in Malaysia and Thailand. The study shows that individual entrepreneurial orientation motivators can be separated into the distinct dimensions of which innovation, proactiveness, risk-taking, and culture correlate with the decision to become an entrepreneur in Southeast Asia. In addition, assumptions on business and education in the west and in Asia hold partially in Southeast Asia and entrepreneurial new venture creation particularly regarding risk and autonomy. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 489-517 Issue: 4 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation; entrepreneurship; Thailand; Malaysia; motivation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122659 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:4:p:489-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Donna E. Danns Author-X-Name-First: Donna E. Author-X-Name-Last: Danns Author-Name: George K. Danns Author-X-Name-First: George K. Author-X-Name-Last: Danns Title: Institutional support and the challenges facing youth entrepreneurs in developing countries: a Guyana case study Abstract: Youth entrepreneurship is being promoted by policymakers in developing countries as a key strategy to combat high youth unemployment and reduce individual poverty. An amalgam of international, governmental and other groups has promulgated policies and programmes to lend support for this strategy. Yet, youth entrepreneurs face many challenges that can derail this strategy. Based on a review of research literature a youth entrepreneurship institutional support (YEIS) model is developed to enable identification and categorisation of the sources of support for youth entrepreneurs in developed and developing countries. This study investigated the challenges youth entrepreneurs from the developing country of Guyana face and a determination is made as to whether available institutional support mechanisms pinpointed in the YEIS model are helpful in overcoming such challenges. Data for this study were derived from a survey of youth entrepreneurs in the town of Linden, Guyana; agency interviews, and secondary sources. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 139-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: youth entrepreneurship; developing countries; Guyana; Caribbean youth; youth entrepreneurship challenges; youth entrepreneurship support; youth unemployment; international organisations; entrepreneurial education and training; youth entrepreneurship funding; micro-enterprise. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:139-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Işıl Yavuz Author-X-Name-First: R. Işıl Author-X-Name-Last: Yavuz Title: Entrepreneurship in emerging economies: barriers to entrepreneurship in the Muslim world Abstract: Promoting entrepreneurship has become a major national priority throughout the world's emerging economies. This is particularly true in the case of Muslim countries, many of which have lagged other parts of the world in new business formation, technological development, job creation, and quality of life. Even though these countries differ in their political and socio-economic conditions, most continue to struggle with a myriad of institutional, cultural and ideological challenges that discourage entrepreneurship. In this article, I analyse key institutional, cultural, and technological barriers to entrepreneurship in Muslim countries. My discussion contributes to the growing literature on international entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 162-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: emerging economies; entrepreneurship; new venture creation; entrepreneurial policy; Muslim world. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124452 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:162-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Javier Varas-Fuente Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Javier Author-X-Name-Last: Varas-Fuente Author-Name: Raquel Arguedas-Sanz Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Arguedas-Sanz Author-Name: Beatriz Rodrigo-Moya Author-X-Name-First: Beatriz Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigo-Moya Title: Internationalisation and performance in family businesses: influence of the internationalisation path followed Abstract: Although many family businesses have chosen to undertake internationalisation processes, little is known about how the internationalisation-performance relationship is affected by the internationalisation path followed. This research is based on the theory of resources and capabilities, the unique set of business resources (familiness) and the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) perspective. Based on a set of panel data from the Spanish survey on business strategies for small and medium-sized Spanish family businesses from 2005 to 2015, fixed-effect regressions were run on a sample of 285 businesses that followed the traditional path and 107 that followed the accelerated path, finding an inverted U-shaped curve for the traditional path and an inverted S-shaped curve for the accelerated path. Specifically, the accelerated path, not the traditional one, allows an increase in performance at higher levels of internationalisation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 185-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: familiness; family businesses; internationalisation paths; internationalisation-performance relationship; resources and capabilities; socio-emotional wealth; SEW. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:185-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John James Cater III Author-X-Name-First: John James Cater Author-X-Name-Last: III Author-Name: Kevin James Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Roland E. Kidwell Author-X-Name-First: Roland E. Author-X-Name-Last: Kidwell Author-Name: Kerri M. Camp Author-X-Name-First: Kerri M. Author-X-Name-Last: Camp Author-Name: Marilyn Young Author-X-Name-First: Marilyn Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: The impact of Mexican culture on the human resource management practices of Mexican-American family firms Abstract: Mexican-American family firms comprise one of the fastest growing family business sub-groups in the USA. Effective use of human resources is important for the profitability of family firms and their capability for growth. We interviewed Mexican-American family firm leaders from 20 companies to gauge the extent to which the cultural dimensions of their country of origin, Mexico, were influencing the operation of their family firms. We found evidence that these cultural dimensions continued to influence Mexican-American family firm leaders. We present propositions regarding how Mexican-American family firm leaders retain and/or reduce their cultural ties to Mexico and if their HRM practices differ from other US family firms. We discuss which cultural dimensions may affect Mexican-American family firm HRM practices. Then, we present ideas for future research as well as implications for practice for Mexican-American family firms. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 518-550 Issue: 4 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: Mexican; Mexican-American; family business; family firms; cultural dimensions theory; human resource practices; human resource management; qualitative approach; case study approach; grounded theory. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122662 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:4:p:518-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Mizanur Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Mizanur Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Author-Name: Mohani Abdul Author-X-Name-First: Mohani Author-X-Name-Last: Abdul Author-Name: Azmawani Abd Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Azmawani Abd Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Author-Name: Mastora Yahya Author-X-Name-First: Mastora Author-X-Name-Last: Yahya Title: Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics, entrepreneurship education and intention to be entrepreneur amongst Malaysian undergraduates Abstract: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics, entrepreneurship education and the intention to be entrepreneur amongst Malaysian undergraduates. In this study, 300 sets of questionnaires were distributed equally among undergraduate students from Universiti Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Universiti Putra Malaysia, representing the public universities (IPTA) and similarly another 300 sets of questionnaires were distributed equally among undergraduate students from Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA, Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, and Kolej Universiti Infrastruktur Kuala Lumpur representing the private universities (IPTS). In total, 486 completed questionnaires were processed and then analysed using the appropriate statistical tests. The findings of the study indicate that three dimensions of entrepreneur characteristics and entrepreneurial education are positively related to the intention to be entrepreneurs. This research provides useful insights to the entrepreneurship education in Malaysia and it highlights the pertinent entrepreneurial characteristics that can be further developed in nurturing successful entrepreneurs. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 210-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions; entrepreneurial characteristics; need for achievement; entrepreneurial education; innovativeness; locus of control; undergraduates; public university; IPTA; private university; IPTS; Malaysia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:210-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos M. Jardon Author-X-Name-First: Carlos M. Author-X-Name-Last: Jardon Title: Dynamic capabilities in subsistence small businesses Abstract: Small business, created as a means of subsistence of the entrepreneur and their family, are called subsistence small business. They need to grow to improve the situation of poverty, especially in developing countries. This paper analyses a mechanism, based in relationships and closeness, to grow in subsistence small businesses from dynamic capabilities and SSBs' elaborate dynamic capabilities to grow, in particular, SSBs' use of the human capital management to improve customer management and product and territory management. These two capabilities improve innovativeness that generate growth. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 551-567 Issue: 4 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: dynamic capabilities; subsistence; small business; growth; Latin America. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122663 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:4:p:551-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mai Thi Thanh Thai Author-X-Name-First: Mai Thi Thanh Author-X-Name-Last: Thai Author-Name: Ekaterina Turkina Author-X-Name-First: Ekaterina Author-X-Name-Last: Turkina Author-Name: Amon Simba Author-X-Name-First: Amon Author-X-Name-Last: Simba Title: The impact of internationalisation on product innovation in emerging market firms Abstract: This article is based on a dataset compiled by the World Bank. This publicly accessible dataset contains information about business management which was collected from 212 EMFs that were located in ten different markets across Central, Eastern Europe and Asia. In order to measure the impact of internationalisation on product innovation in these EMFs, this article utilises the resource-based view (RBV). Through data analysis a consistent pattern showing the positive impact of the strategies adopted by internationalising EMFs to enhance their product innovations emerged. This uniform pattern was common in all EMFs. Most important, the trend showed that their product innovations were attributable to several factors that included; international physical resources, international marketing capabilities, managerial international experience, managerial perception of industry internationalisation, and international outsourcing. Thus, this article offers fine insights detailing the distinctive business manoeuvres internationalising EMFs initiate to drive product innovation. Insights from this research advance the resource-based perspective in a new way. Particularly, the new knowledge describes distinctive resource-seeking behaviours EMFs exhibit in emerging market thereby contributing to the literature on firm internationalisation and innovation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 226-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: innovation drivers; emerging markets' firms; EMFs; firm characteristics; internationalisation; resource-based view of the firm. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:226-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raed Khamis Alharbi Author-X-Name-First: Raed Khamis Author-X-Name-Last: Alharbi Author-Name: Sofri Yahya Author-X-Name-First: Sofri Author-X-Name-Last: Yahya Author-Name: Veland Ramadani Author-X-Name-First: Veland Author-X-Name-Last: Ramadani Title: Financial literacy, access to finance, SMEs performance and Islamic religiosity: evidence from Saudi Arabia Abstract: This paper seeks to explore the impact of access to finance and financial literacy on the SMEs performance in an Islamic context. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design by employing 255 SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The findings showed a positive mediating effect of access to finance on the relationship between financial awareness, financial attitude and SMEs performance while access to finance does not mediate the nexus between financial knowledge and SMEs performance. Subsequently, the findings revealed that access to finance have positive effect on SMEs performance. This study also found that access to finance increases the positive relationship between financial literacy and SMEs performance. The role of religiosity was found to positively increase access to finance towards affecting SMEs performance. The findings of this study provide SMEs with the knowledge to increase their religious practices to access government Islamic funds, i.e., Mudarabah and Musharakah while Islamic banking firms should increase their Islamic products and services to attract SMEs in Saudi Arabia. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 259-285 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: financial literacy; access to finance; SMEs performance; Islamic religiosity; Saudi Arabia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:259-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olubukola Omotinuke Ehinmowo Author-X-Name-First: Olubukola Omotinuke Author-X-Name-Last: Ehinmowo Author-Name: Olayemi O. Simon-Oke Author-X-Name-First: Olayemi O. Author-X-Name-Last: Simon-Oke Title: Profitability and poverty status of small-scale entrepreneurs: the garment producers' experience in Lagos State, Nigeria Abstract: The study assessed the profitability and poverty status of small-scale garment producers in Lagos State, Nigeria, using multistage sampling technique to select 180 respondents for the study. Method of data collection was through questionnaire and data were subjected to descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) and regression analysis, respectively. The findings showed that majority of the respondents (94%) were married. The study further revealed that total revenue and net profit accrued per annum were ₦601,234.00 and ₦59,514.00, respectively. The results of FGT showed that poverty incidence (Po), poverty depth (P<SUB align="right"><SMALL>1</SMALL></SUB>) and poverty severity (P<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB>) for the poverty line of $1 and $1.25 USD per day were 0.114, 0.101, 0.077 and 0.444, 0.150, 0.116, respectively. Results of the regression analysis revealed that the number of customers' patronage, experience and household size had positive coefficients and significantly influenced the profitability of the garment makers in the study area. Policies gearing towards stable power supply should be initiated and implemented to enable the garment makers to increase their production level and profits. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 244-258 Issue: 2 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: profitability; small-scale; entrepreneurs; garment producers; Lagos State; poverty; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:2:p:244-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elriza Esterhuyzen Author-X-Name-First: Elriza Author-X-Name-Last: Esterhuyzen Author-Name: Dorothea Visser Author-X-Name-First: Dorothea Author-X-Name-Last: Visser Title: Occupational health and safety in small businesses - a South African perspective Abstract: This article focuses on health and safety criteria for small businesses. The awareness, knowledge and attitude of small business managers in South Africa regarding occupational health and safety compliance were determined. Quantitative research generated descriptive data and measured respondents' perceptions of knowledge and attitude regarding occupational health and safety compliance. The findings revealed awareness of occupational health and safety criteria. Respondents were conversant with the required knowledge to adhere to compliance regarding occupational health and safety; and their attitude confirmed their priority to occupational health and safety criteria. Researching the occupational health and safety compliance of small businesses is important for economic growth, as a lack of compliance results in financial and employee losses through occupational injuries and diseases. The findings have implications for government, policymakers, practitioners and management teams to consider occupational health and safety management systems and improvement plans. Such interventions are required to improve occupational health and safety compliance. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 287-309 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: small business; compliance; knowledge; attitude; small business manager; occupational health and safety; OHS. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:287-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shilpa Sindhu Author-X-Name-First: Shilpa Author-X-Name-Last: Sindhu Author-Name: Anupama Panghal Author-X-Name-First: Anupama Author-X-Name-Last: Panghal Author-Name: Gaurav Aggarwal Author-X-Name-First: Gaurav Author-X-Name-Last: Aggarwal Title: Factors driving ecopreneurs in India - an exploration Abstract: Ecopreneurial ventures are those entrepreneurial ventures which are usually driven by ecological responsiveness. This paper is exploratory research towards finding the factors which drive entrepreneurs towards ecopreneurship in India. Data for the study was collected through an online questionnaire, floated to entrepreneurs from the database of a national level entrepreneurship institute, in India. The data received from 116 respondents were analysed statistically by applying chi-square and factor analysis. The findings highlighted eight significant factors that may drive entrepreneurs for ecopreneurial ventures, the two leading amongst them are 'personal attitude' and 'market forces'. The findings also revealed a lack of awareness about the concept of ecopreneurship in India. The study paves the way for policy interventions and research inclusions in the field of ecopreneurship for enhancing the drivers to encourage ecopreneurship. Emphasis is required on bringing such policies in India, which can incline an individual towards ecopreneurship and make the business environment cordial for ecopreneurs. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 310-332 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurs; ecopreneurs; ecopreneurship; environment; factor analysis; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:310-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charbel Salloum Author-X-Name-First: Charbel Author-X-Name-Last: Salloum Author-Name: Hajer Jarrar Author-X-Name-First: Hajer Author-X-Name-Last: Jarrar Author-Name: Catherine Mercier-Suissa Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Mercier-Suissa Author-Name: Jacques Digout Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Digout Author-Name: Tarek Azzi Author-X-Name-First: Tarek Author-X-Name-Last: Azzi Title: Leadership, team cohesion and family firms' performance Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the moderating effects of team cohesion and knowledge sharing on the performance of teams that utilise empowering leadership using a multiple regression analysis on a sample from three departments within 114 family firms in Lebanon. The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between empowering leadership and team cohesion and that knowledge sharing and team cohesion have an indirect influence on team performance. Our study provides important insights regarding team cohesion and knowledge sharing in empowering leadership practices in the Middle East. More importantly, our paper underlines how critical team performance is by highlighting the fact that a willingness to share skills, expertise and know-how benefits all team members and groups of a department or managerial structure. Group cohesiveness is crucial for a leader and for a firm's management team and team performance. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 333-352 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: empowering leadership; team performance; team cohesion; knowledge sharing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:333-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chijioke Dike Uba Author-X-Name-First: Chijioke Dike Author-X-Name-Last: Uba Author-Name: Eghosa Igudia Author-X-Name-First: Eghosa Author-X-Name-Last: Igudia Author-Name: Bamidele Wale-Oshinowo Author-X-Name-First: Bamidele Author-X-Name-Last: Wale-Oshinowo Title: Understanding small business entrepreneurial activity in the Nigerian bottom of the pyramid and informal economy Abstract: Despite significant and rapid evolution of the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) and the informal economy concepts, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the nature of BoP populations being studied and how activities in BoP markets intersect with those in the informal economy. The current study contributes to the literature in this area by exploring the nature of small business (SB) activity at the BoP, specifically, within the Nigerian informal economy context. The research employed the street-by-street survey and spatial random sampling methods to collect data from indigenous SB entrepreneurs in the Nigerian informal economy. Findings highlight the unique characteristics of BoP and non-BoP entrepreneurs and the key factors underpinning their motivations for engaging in specific economic activities in the informal economy. These are discussed in relation to the literature, theory and practice. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 353-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: bottom of the pyramid; BoP; informal economy; entrepreneurship; small business; BoP populations; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:353-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dianne H.B. Welsh Author-X-Name-First: Dianne H.B. Author-X-Name-Last: Welsh Author-Name: Julia Vincent Ponroy Author-X-Name-First: Julia Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Ponroy Author-Name: Thomas Niemand Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Niemand Title: Advancing small family business studies: beginning evidence of psychological capital for approaching creativity Abstract: Scholars have widely investigated innovation in family firms, but creativity in these firms remains under explored. As a first step, we propose to measure creativity in family firms by applying a proxy known as psychological capital (PsyCap). PsyCap has been found to be highly reliable and valid in multiple industries and service organisations around the world, but it has not been empirically applied to family firms so far. PsyCap has been found, both its individual components (hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism, or the 'HERO' within) and overall, to be a predictor of creative performance. Based on a study conducted in a highly creative family firm, our findings show that organisational PsyCap (OPC) can be reliably measured in family firms and are linked to trust and overall family firm member positivity, important components for positive organisational behaviour. This study offers a first step in measuring creativity in FFs with PsyCap as a proxy. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 376-393 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: creativity; family firms; psychological capital; PsyCap; positive organisational behaviour; POB. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:376-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Satish Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Satish Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Riya Sureka Author-X-Name-First: Riya Author-X-Name-Last: Sureka Title: Fifteen years of International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business: a bibliometric overview Abstract: The <i>International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business</i> (<i>IJESB</i>) is a refereed journal publishing original peer reviewed articles. It completed its 15 years of active publishing in the year 2018. The purpose of the study is to celebrate this event and provide a comprehensive overview of the <i>IJESB</i> articles with bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis with graphical mapping of bibliographic data is carried to ascertain the publication pattern of <i>IJESB</i> between 2004 and 2018. Major findings suggest that the journal has a growing trend both in terms of publications and citations. France and the USA are the key contributors to the journal. Major themes covered by the journal comprise entrepreneurship, social capital, family business, small business, internationalisation and innovation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 394-415 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; small business; SME; VOSviewer; bibliographic coupling; bibliometric analyses. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:394-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James M. Crick Author-X-Name-First: James M. Author-X-Name-Last: Crick Title: Don't run before you can walk! The importance of fostering threshold capabilities in securing market-level survival Abstract: The positive association between dynamic capabilities and sustainable competitive advantages has been well-studied throughout the extant literature. In contrast, relatively little is known about threshold capabilities, namely, the intangible assets that entrepreneurs utilise to survive within their markets. As such, the contribution of this conceptual paper is to integrate threshold capabilities into the dynamic capabilities sub-set of resource-based theory. This is achieved via reviewing the existing literature pertaining to threshold capabilities and their performance outcomes, as well as the types of entrepreneurs that are most likely to be interested in fostering such intangible assets. Additionally, illustrations of threshold capabilities are described to differentiate them from dynamic capabilities and other intangible assets. These conceptualisations are important, since they shed light on vital organisational capabilities that have been largely overlooked by other scholars. This article ends with some directions for future research. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 416-433 Issue: 3 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: threshold capabilities; dynamic capabilities; resource-based theory; dynamic managerial capabilities; market-level survival; sustainable competitive advantages; lifestyle-oriented entrepreneurs; growth-oriented entrepreneurs; small businesses; entrepreneurial objectives. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124464 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:416-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Boafo Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Boafo Author-Name: Utz Dornberger Author-X-Name-First: Utz Author-X-Name-Last: Dornberger Title: Informal born regional enterprises in Ghana: an extension of internationalisation theories Abstract: Firm internationalisation theories have attempted to explain why, when, where, and how firms engage in cross-border business activity. Yet such research analyses have mainly focused on firms in the formal sector rather than the informal sector. As a step toward filling this gap, we examine the internationalisation degree of informal enterprises using enterprise data collected from 125 randomly selected respondents located in two major clusters in Ghana. With an overall 20 foreign markets served, the informal firms internationalise by capitalising on the cluster resources as joint infrastructure and actor-based perspectives and the linkages between informal and formal sectors, as well as by adopting a stage-wise approach. Additionally, 45% of the firms expand abroad but significantly within Africa from 1 to 3 years after establishment. As such, we introduce the term 'informal born regional enterprises' to the literature of internationalisation, which is synonymous with the 'born regional' argument. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 450-493 Issue: 4 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: informal born regional enterprises; informal sector; industrial cluster; networks; SMEs; internationalisation degree; foreign but domestic-situated agents; Ghana. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:4:p:450-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nathalie N. Larsen Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie N. Author-X-Name-Last: Larsen Title: International social ventures' resource mobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study on effectual networking and knowledge mobilisation Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with a variety of societal challenges that form the basis for social entrepreneurship opportunities. Academic attention is increasingly being directed towards international social ventures that often are located in the Western part of the world but address societal challenges in developing countries. Prior literature has highlighted the importance of mobilising local resources, such as knowledge and human capital, in the contexts for which solutions to challenges are provided. However, the context of Sub-Saharan Africa is often characterised by resource scarcity and informal social structures that are difficult for outsiders to access. The aim of this study is to explore the socio-spatial dynamics of international social ventures' resource mobilisation in high-distance contexts. For this purpose, effectuation theory serves as a theoretical framework, focusing on resource mobilisation through effectual networks. A multiple case study of Danish-based social ventures internationalising into Sub-Saharan Africa provides the foundation for developing contextualised insights into effectuation theory. The findings demonstrate the importance of international social ventures' proximal interactions with their effectual networks in the contexts in which they address social problems. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 494-517 Issue: 4 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: international social entrepreneurship; international social ventures; Sub-Saharan Africa; effectuation; effectual networks. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127560 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:4:p:494-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irene Kujala Author-X-Name-First: Irene Author-X-Name-Last: Kujala Author-Name: Richard Afriyie Owusu Author-X-Name-First: Richard Afriyie Author-X-Name-Last: Owusu Title: Institutional actors, policy and internationalisation of emerging market SMEs: lessons from AGOA and the Ghanaian Textile Industry Abstract: This paper focuses on the roles of institutional actors and their policies in promoting the internationalisation of Ghanaian textile firms. A longitudinal research method was employed with the aim of gaining an understanding of the development of the interrelationships between contexts, processes, actors and their activities and resources over a period of 13 years in order for the SME to internationalise. The findings show complex interrelationships, different roles and a greater importance of institutional actors than has been found in previous research. Furthermore, the findings show how the context of SMEs from emerging markets in Africa affect their internationalisation processes and success and how both home and foreign institutions and policies can contribute to the processes through a business network approach. Theoretically, this study contributes to theories of firm internationalisation from emerging markets. Practically, it provides implications for managers and policy makers about how to achieve and support the internationalisation of African SMEs. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 518-547 Issue: 4 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: SME internationalisation; business network; emerging market; institutional actors; longitudinal research. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127561 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:4:p:518-547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Elo Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Elo Author-Name: David Ndikumana Emmanuel Author-X-Name-First: David Ndikumana Author-X-Name-Last: Emmanuel Title: Light entrepreneurship as a parallel staying strategy - insights from Tanzanian medical doctors Abstract: Africa faces numerous challenges such as retaining globally mobile talent and informal economies. Economic inequality leads developing countries to lose human capital, but research on staying strategies remains limited. This multiple-case study explores how Tanzanian medical doctors organise a sufficient income through parallel entrepreneurial activities with forms of light entrepreneurship. We present four strategies from intramural entrepreneurial strategy to extramural diversified entrepreneurial strategy that illustrates distinct contextual adaptations. These dual practices through parallel entrepreneurship enhance their stickiness to the context and profession, thus reducing brain drain. Such entrepreneurial strategies feed in towards upholding their primary profession, suggesting that informal entrepreneurial activity may advance overall sustainability of the society. However, parallel entrepreneurial activities require empowering capacity-building lenses and holistic policy approaches as they are linked to broader issues of local systemic viability and of talent retention in Africa. This study contributes to international migration-, human resources-, entrepreneurship- and sustainability management. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 548-570 Issue: 4 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: dual practices; informal entrepreneurship; light entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial strategy; bricolage; medical doctors; international migration; human stickiness. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=127562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:4:p:548-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Kopren Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Kopren Author-Name: Hans Westlund Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Westlund Title: Entrepreneurship bridging ethnic divides Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine the wider societal outcomes of entrepreneurs' networking in ethnically divided post-conflict societies. Using network theory to explain relational dynamics between business, social and personal relationships, we postulate that entrepreneurs' interactions generate connections and paths across ethnically diverse social networks, thus facilitating social relations between ethnic groups. The survey was conducted with 130 entrepreneurs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia. The findings demonstrate that entrepreneurs are driven to increase profit and networks when cooperating with diverse ethnic groups. While spreading their business connections with other ethnic groups, they at the same time form connections between ethnic communities. Entrepreneurs alleviate ethnic cleavages and improve relations between ethnic groups. This article contributes to the recognition of the capacity of economic ties to facilitate cooperative patterns and rebuild impaired ethnic relations in ethnically divided post-conflict societies. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 423-449 Issue: 4 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurs; ethnically divided post-conflict societies; business networks; cross-ethnic paths; social cohesion. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Open Access Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:4:p:423-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wilfred Isak Amazing April Author-X-Name-First: Wilfred Isak Amazing Author-X-Name-Last: April Author-Name: Daniel Ileni Itenge Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Ileni Author-X-Name-Last: Itenge Author-Name: David Namalenga Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Namalenga Title: Learning from the Omagongo Cultural Festival about entrepreneurship and self-employment in Namibia Abstract: Omagongo Festival is one of the most entrepreneurial initiatives of the Namibian Owambo people. The primary symbol for this festival is the <i>marula tree</i>, celebrated as it is a key source of an alcoholic beverage. There is much to learn about self-employment, small business and entrepreneurship. This unique festival is hosted by almost ten ethnic groups/clans annually in Northern Namibia, which were armed forces in the liberation struggle of Namibia 29 years ago. Stories of their entrepreneurial initiatives are little known and almost never told in the academic literature. Since 2017, the communities joined forces to hold an annual cultural festival where the entrepreneurial legacy of the tribe is celebrated; the stories of the Oshiwambo people are not well documented. The authors of this paper joined forces with the community at the annual Omagongo Festival of 2018 and captured ten stories from entrepreneurs. These stories will give an overview of how they build capacity and make entrepreneurship work for the people. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: Namibia; ethnic group; Omagongo; entrepreneurship; small business; self-employment; informal markets. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=123983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heidi Coral Thornton Author-X-Name-First: Heidi Coral Author-X-Name-Last: Thornton Author-Name: Susanne Sandberg Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Author-X-Name-Last: Sandberg Title: Entrepreneurial orientation in the sharing economy: cases of new entries in domestic and international markets Abstract: Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has attracted increasing research attention over the last decades, yet few studies apply all five dimensions in novel contexts and through qualitative studies. As a response, this paper explores six cases of new market entry by sharecoms, both internationalised and non-internationalised, in order to enhance knowledge about EO in an international sharing economy context. The findings show that the five dimensions of EO are demonstrated and utilised in diverse ways and to varying degrees, often through combination. Innovativeness, autonomy, and proactiveness are useful for bringing novel offerings to the market and EO is seen as an accelerator for growth and stimulator of early internationalisation. Still, not all of the dimensions were evident within all of the sharecoms nor were they deemed necessary in order to be entrepreneurial, which challenges previous research. The findings are shown to contribute to theory, as well as to practitioners. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 16-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: international entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial orientation; new market entry; international markets; sharing economy; sharecoms; qualitative case study. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=123984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:1:p:16-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nia Kurniati Bachtiar Author-X-Name-First: Nia Kurniati Author-X-Name-Last: Bachtiar Title: Motives of local people to (not) become entrepreneurs? Evidence from Agats-Asmat, Indonesia Abstract: People consider lack of education as the main constraint of entrepreneur percentages growth in Agats-Asmat, Papua, Indonesia specifically among local people. However, it is an incorrect understanding. This article will prove that systematic approach is insufficient to increase the Human Development Index (HDI) in Agats-Asmat, Papua, Indonesia especially in terms of the number of local entrepreneurs. This qualitative method article discovered that local culture, social capital, community context and unsustainable system are the major constraints to increase the entrepreneurial practice among local people. This study argued previous literatures which stated education is the most substantial aspect in increasing HDI. This article will also present the extended approaches in order to improve people's willingness to be entrepreneurs, followed by the supporting programs proposal for future entrepreneurs in Agats-Asmat. Lastly, the emerging of women entrepreneurs will be delivered as one of powerful strategies to enhance entrepreneurial practices in Agats-Asmat. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 45-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; Agats-Asmat; women entrepreneurs; policy and program; government. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=123985 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:1:p:45-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Panikkos Poutziouris Author-X-Name-First: Panikkos Author-X-Name-Last: Poutziouris Author-Name: Demetris Markou Author-X-Name-First: Demetris Author-X-Name-Last: Markou Author-Name: Loukas Glyptis Author-X-Name-First: Loukas Author-X-Name-Last: Glyptis Author-Name: Εlias Hadjielias Author-X-Name-First: Εlias Author-X-Name-Last: Hadjielias Title: Capital structure of UK SMEs: an integrated understanding Abstract: This study contributes with an integrated understanding of SME capital structure patterns at the nexus of internal (firm-specific) and external environment determinants. The hypotheses draw on pecking order theory (POT), agency theory, and business cycle theories, and estimates are obtained from a data panel of 424 UK SMEs, over a ten-year period. Furthermore, the findings and discussion draw on both static and dynamic models of capital structure. The results between the static and the dynamic model are qualitatively similar, illustrating that firms change their capital structure over time, which is consistent with the POT and agency theory. In contrast to previous results on capital structure choices, the present study reveals that size relates to long-term debt borrowing only in the short-term, and SME growth is not positively linked with gearing ratios. The findings also offer evidence that support macroeconomic conditions as having a nonlinear, convex relationship with the gearing ratios of the sample firms. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 64-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: SMEs; capital structures; SME financing; business cycle; firm-specific characteristics; UK. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=123986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:1:p:64-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elva Alicia Ramos-Escobar Author-X-Name-First: Elva Alicia Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos-Escobar Author-Name: Domingo García-Pérez-de-Lema Author-X-Name-First: Domingo Author-X-Name-Last: García-Pérez-de-Lema Author-Name: Luis Enrique Valdez-Juárez Author-X-Name-First: Luis Enrique Author-X-Name-Last: Valdez-Juárez Title: Barriers to immigrant Mexican entrepreneurs in the USA Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyse the barriers faced by immigrant Mexican entrepreneurs in the USA and their relationships with human capital, management capacity and performance. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed using the partial least squares (PLS) regression method with a sample of 166 Mexican immigrant entrepreneurs whose companies are operated in the city of Tucson, Arizona in the USA. The results of this research highlight the importance of human capital and management capacity as factors that help immigrant entrepreneurs improve the performance of their businesses and that help reduce barriers or obstacles that immigrants face when they develop their businesses. These results have important implications both for the public administration of the design of entrepreneurship policies for immigrant groups and for the immigrants themselves in favouring the survival of their businesses. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 96-118 Issue: 1 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: immigrant entrepreneurship; human capital; management capacity; performance; barriers to entrepreneurship; USA. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=123987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:1:p:96-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remy Nyukorong Author-X-Name-First: Remy Author-X-Name-Last: Nyukorong Title: Graduate employability through entrepreneurship: a proposed model of lifelong learning of entrepreneurship education in Ghana Abstract: The purpose of the current study is to propose a straightforward, real-world model of personal development and active citizenship that will enable the model to be easily explained as well as utilised as a framework when working with young people to improve their quality of life and self-sustainability, and to promote competitiveness and graduate employability. The model was created based on current research into employability concerns. The model sketches out what is meant by lifelong learning, in explicit and understandable terms, and suggests ways for interaction among the various aspects. However, the interfaces between the five stages of the model remain theoretical. The model will be a useful tool for teachers, guidance and counselling officers, curriculum development experts and any other practitioners engaged in entrepreneurship education activities. The model will be of value to any person with an interest in employability issues. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 119-138 Issue: 1 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship education; graduate employability; learning through life; learning for life; Ghana. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=123988 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:1:p:119-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacqueline S. Walsh Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline S. Author-X-Name-Last: Walsh Author-Name: Heather Hall Author-X-Name-First: Heather Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Entrepreneurs as change agents in remote communities: a multi-case study analysis in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Abstract: Over the last decade, small communities and local economic development have become a focal point of research on entrepreneurship. The contributions of individuals have not gone unnoticed in the creation of economic opportunities through building entrepreneurial communities. Based on two case studies from remote communities in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, we find that successful entrepreneurs living in small communities can have a special dynamic in their communities and may be responsible for change in various ways and under a variety of contexts. Change may be economic, social, institutional, political, environmental and/or any other nature of transformation that is required to ensure the community in which they chose to live is sustainable and offers a viable standard of living for its residents. We argue that the distinction between social and business entrepreneurs is less pronounced in small communities in isolated regions and that solving social issues necessitates a focus on economic revitalisation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 435-449 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneur; change agent; remote; rural; entrepreneurial communities; commitment to place; unlocking local; social and business entrepreneurs; local and global networks; disturbing the present; Canada. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:435-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georgia Arla C. Khader Author-X-Name-First: Georgia Arla C. Author-X-Name-Last: Khader Author-Name: Mariana G. Cademartori Author-X-Name-First: Mariana G. Author-X-Name-Last: Cademartori Author-Name: Rafael G. Lund Author-X-Name-First: Rafael G. Author-X-Name-Last: Lund Title: Survey of the junior enterprises movement in Brazil: entrepreneurship and innovation in undergraduate courses of higher education institutions Abstract: Junior enterprises (JEs) are non-profit companies with educational goals run entirely by university students. The current study aims to analyse the panorama and profile of companies linked to the state federations of JEs in Brazil. The companies' characteristics were evaluated by a cross-sectional survey with secondary data and structured interview forms that assessed 564 JEs. Data were analysed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests through the Stata 14.0 program (p > 0.005). The results showed that 92% of JEs come from public institutions, 74% are part of an association to support JEs and 68% of companies consist of one course, with 55% of these from the area of exact sciences. Our findings indicate that the majority of JEs in Brazil are from public universities and are more assisted by support sectors compared to companies from private universities. In addition, there was a predominance of companies in the area of exact sciences concentrated in southern and south-eastern Brazil. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 450-465 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; small business; management development; junior enterprises; entrepreneurial education; young entrepreneurs; entrepreneurial culture; university entrepreneurship; Junior Enterprises Movement; internship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:450-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ioannis Giotopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Ioannis Author-X-Name-Last: Giotopoulos Author-Name: Alexandra Kontolaimou Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Kontolaimou Author-Name: Efthymia Korra Author-X-Name-First: Efthymia Author-X-Name-Last: Korra Author-Name: Aggelos Tsakanikas Author-X-Name-First: Aggelos Author-X-Name-Last: Tsakanikas Title: Strategic pathways to ICT adoption in SMEs: evidence from Greece Abstract: This paper explores the impact of different strategic practices on firms' ICT adoption. Drawing on push-pull theories it is argued that business strategies which are strongly linked to the market and/or customer needs are most likely to pull the adoption of ICT. Strategies that mainly confine their scope to the characteristics of the products, implying a more loose connection with the market, are expected to push the ICT adoption process. The empirical analysis based on a large-scale survey on 3,500 Greek SMEs confirms the significance of market-based strategies for ICT adoption. The ordered probit estimations show that market driven strategies (marketing differentiation and market diversification) increase the likelihood of adopting ICT in SMEs while generic competitive strategies (low cost position and product differentiation) do not play any significant role in the adoption of new technologies in most cases. The results appear to be largely robust across different ICT adoption measures. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 466-482 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: ICT adoption; SMEs; generic strategies; market driven strategies; Greece. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124790 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:466-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefanie Pakura Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Pakura Author-Name: Federica Maria Raiti Author-X-Name-First: Federica Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Raiti Author-Name: Verena Meyer Author-X-Name-First: Verena Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer Title: Crowdfunding in Italy - an exploration of chances and challenges for women entrepreneurs Abstract: Crowdfunding is supposed to 'democratise' the entrepreneurship funding process, as it provides access for women entrepreneurs and investors to participate. In Italy, the barriers for the participation of women in entrepreneurship, especially with regard to funding, are particularly high. In this challenging context, crowdfunding is a promising alternative, which we explore with a context-specific study from a cultural gendering perspective. Findings reveal that the interviewed crowdfunding experts and women entrepreneurs believe that, in crowdfunding, only the idea and personal commitment count, while gender does not. Interestingly, results illustrate several barriers for women entrepreneurs in practice. Overall, crowdfunding structures in Italy currently reveal gender-based barriers, but have the potential to create a more 'open space' of entrepreneurship in the future. While crowdfunding might not be the allegedly gender-neutral environment that it is often illustrated as, it might open up the path for more women-led businesses to succeed in acquiring financial resources. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 483-504 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: crowdfunding; reward-based crowdfunding; equity-based crowdfunding; entrepreneurial finance; women entrepreneurs; gender; Italy; culture; qualitative study; cultural gendering. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124791 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:483-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ari Margiono Author-X-Name-First: Ari Author-X-Name-Last: Margiono Author-Name: Pantri Heriyati Author-X-Name-First: Pantri Author-X-Name-Last: Heriyati Title: Moral disengagement among social entrepreneurs: initial insights from Indonesia Abstract: Moral disengagement - a concept that is closely related to the unethical behaviour of individuals - has started to gain significance in management studies. However, there has been limited research on moral disengagement in entrepreneurship, especially in the social entrepreneurship domain where people tend to assume that social entrepreneurs are inherently ethical individuals. Despite its importance, there is even less social entrepreneurship ethics research in the literature that specifically investigates moral disengagement in the context of developing countries. Using a qualitative method and a critical incident technique, this research investigated moral disengagement among social entrepreneurs in a developing country, Indonesia, in three different periods: during the start-up phase, when they have received revenue, and in the last three months. Our study reveals two important findings. First, in contrast to extant literature that focuses on individual-level attributes, we found that contextual factors drive social entrepreneurs to engage in moral disengagement activities at most stages of venture creation. Second, social entrepreneurs in our sample seem to practice moral disengagement to cope with perceived losses arising from contextual uncertainties. These findings imply the importance of an effective social entrepreneurship ecosystem in Indonesia. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 505-525 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: critical incident technique; moral disengagement; prosocial; social entrepreneurs; social entrepreneurship; Indonesia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124792 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:505-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arun Sukumar Author-X-Name-First: Arun Author-X-Name-Last: Sukumar Author-Name: Vahid Jafari-Sadeghi Author-X-Name-First: Vahid Author-X-Name-Last: Jafari-Sadeghi Author-Name: Zimu Xu Author-X-Name-First: Zimu Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Author-Name: Richard Tomlins Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Tomlins Title: Young students and desire to social entrepreneurship: the impact of government's role Abstract: The main aim of the research was intended in assessing the role of the Indonesian Government towards the promotion of social entrepreneurship in the country. The research was focused on addressing the level of awareness about the concept of social enterprise and what it means in Indonesia, especially among young students. For achieving this aim, a survey was conducted among students in Jakarta, Indonesia. The survey reflected the assessment of government role in the promotion of social entrepreneurship in Indonesia. The results noted that when it came to social entrepreneurship, it is the government that acts as a vital role in communication, what a social enterprise is and its role to the members of the society. From the regression analysis, it was identified that there is a significant relationship between the promotion of social entrepreneurship and the role of the Indonesian Government. However, the study also identifies that while the promotion of social enterprise is essential, the role of innovation and its link to the building resilient social enterprises needs more attention. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 526-554 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: social entrepreneurship; government support; young people; social enterprise; ANOVA. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:526-554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Alamdar Ali Shah Author-X-Name-First: Syed Alamdar Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Author-Name: Raditya Sukmana Author-X-Name-First: Raditya Author-X-Name-Last: Sukmana Author-Name: Muhammad Ali Ahmad Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad Author-Name: Muhammad Saud Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Saud Author-Name: Bayu Arie Fianto Author-X-Name-First: Bayu Arie Author-X-Name-Last: Fianto Title: Entrepreneurial intentions amongst university students in Pakistan: a comparison between students of Islamic and conventional business studies Abstract: Objective of this research is to examine intentions of entrepreneurship amongst students of Islamic and non-Islamic business studies in Pakistan. Data of 344 respondents from HEC recognised universities in the province of Punjab has been collected and analysed using Cramer's V test to analyse various associations. Results suggest that students pursuing non-Islamic business studies and Islamic studies are more inclined to initiate their businesses after studies as compared to students who have studied Islamic business as a subject or have pursued Islamic business studies as a whole. Students of Islamic business studies have very low inclination towards starting their own business. This research puts forward a new area of research to find dynamics of differences in entrepreneurial intentions between Islamic and non-Islamic graduates. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 555-575 Issue: 4 Volume: 46 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial intentions; non-Islamic business students; Islamic business students; Pakistan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:46:y:2022:i:4:p:555-575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faten Ben Bouheni Author-X-Name-First: Faten Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Bouheni Author-Name: Elena Margarint Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Margarint Author-Name: Hassan Obeid Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Obeid Title: Regulation, supervision and European banking performance Abstract: We investigate the effects of regulation and supervision on the banking performance of the ten largest banks from selected European countries during the period of 2005-2011 using the generalised method of moments (GMM) for a dynamic panel. Our results provide two major findings. Firstly, with regard to influencing factors, regulation and supervision perform differently. In particular, restrictions on banking activities, supervision, deposit insurance and private monitoring have different impacts on banking performance, depending on the indicators of profitability and risk taking. Capital requirements decrease banking profitability, but the market structure boosts return on equity (ROE). Secondly, neglecting the influencing factors, we find that restrictions on banking activities, supervision, private monitoring and market structure increase profitability and reduce risk taking by European banks. We conclude that for the successful implementation of banking regulation and supervision, it is crucial to consider bank-level and country-level factors. In addition, the effect of regulation and supervision on banking performance is conditioned by the improvement of banking governance in Europe. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 1-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: regulation; supervision; profitability; risk taking; dynamic panel data; European banks. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kingsley C. Njoku Author-X-Name-First: Kingsley C. Author-X-Name-Last: Njoku Author-Name: Thomas M. Cooney Author-X-Name-First: Thomas M. Author-X-Name-Last: Cooney Title: How is immigrant entrepreneurial opportunity formation influenced by interactions between home and host countries? Abstract: This study examined how the entrepreneurial opportunity formation process among different ethnic groups was influenced by their origins and the cultural values accustomed to them. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data was collected from 20 participants (five each from four different ethnic groups) using an in-depth interview technique. The study found that the interactions between an immigrant's home and host environments can take different forms (i.e., enablers and threats) which will influence their career choices in diverse ways. The study model framework showed that participants are influenced distinctly subject to their ethnic backgrounds and the nature of their interactions with the families. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 170-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: immigrant entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial opportunity formation; visual mixed embeddedness framework; cultural assimilation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:2:p:170-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walter Mswaka Author-X-Name-First: Walter Author-X-Name-Last: Mswaka Author-Name: Olu` Aluko Author-X-Name-First: Olu` Author-X-Name-Last: Aluko Author-Name: Safaa Hussein Author-X-Name-First: Safaa Author-X-Name-Last: Hussein Author-Name: Armindo Dos Santos De Sousa Teodósio Author-X-Name-First: Armindo Dos Santos De Sousa Author-X-Name-Last: Teodósio Author-Name: Huifen Cai Author-X-Name-First: Huifen Author-X-Name-Last: Cai Title: Financing social enterprise in the UK: responding to new challenges in competitive markets Abstract: Social entrepreneurship activities continue to make a significant contribution to the development of the United Kingdom's (UK) economy and remain at the core of the government's strategies for ameliorating socio-economic deprivation across the country. Despite the growth of this type of business activity, a key area that requires further analysis is how social enterprises respond to the funding challenges posed by globalisation, declining state support and increased demands for social welfare interventions. These challenges also come at a time when the UK Government is encouraging communities to explore innovative ways of tackling socio-economic deprivation, through innovative and sustainable business practices. Drawing on a qualitative case study approach of social enterprises in South Yorkshire UK, this research contributes to extant literature by scrutinising the operations of social entrepreneurs in resource-constrained environments. By employing components of Kirzner's (1973) theory of entrepreneurship, the findings of this investigation highlight how opportunity spotting and innovation in financing strategies have enabled social entrepreneurs in South Yorkshire to widen their organisations' sources of financial resourcing. This study is of particular benefit to policy makers and researchers in social enterprise. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 20-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: equity investments; funding; innovation; legal structures; social enterprise; social entrepreneur; South Yorkshire. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:20-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ximena Morales-Urrutia Author-X-Name-First: Ximena Author-X-Name-Last: Morales-Urrutia Author-Name: Diana Morales-Urrutia Author-X-Name-First: Diana Author-X-Name-Last: Morales-Urrutia Author-Name: Luis Enrique Simbaña-Taipe Author-X-Name-First: Luis Enrique Author-X-Name-Last: Simbaña-Taipe Title: Entrepreneurial intention and gender: an analysis of environmental factors Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the entrepreneurial intention of women and some environmental factors in order to identify their main explanatory causes. The theoretical foundation approach guides to an analysis based on different theories such as: Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB), social role theory, social cognitive theory (SCT), which provide a solid reference framework for this study. According to this scheme, the research focuses on the role of the leading environmental factors for female entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, the empirical approach covers 18 countries from Europe and the USA during 2006 to 2015; additionally, its main statistical source is the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The results specify that both, necessity entrepreneurship and skills and knowledge, represent fundamental aspects for this entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, each government should lead policies, regulations and incentives aligned to social and cultural needs of each country. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 42-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: female entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship gender gap; environmental business factors. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:42-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carina Hoffmann Author-X-Name-First: Carina Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffmann Author-Name: Alexandra Moritz Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Moritz Author-Name: Peter Kenning Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Kenning Title: More than a financial alternative: discovering equity crowdfunding as a tool for entrepreneurial ventures to acquire loyal customers Abstract: Gaining new and loyal customers is a major challenge for all companies, particularly for entrepreneurial ventures. To address this challenge, we investigate the potential of transforming investors into customers in the equity crowdfunding context. In particular, we aim to understand under what circumstances crowd-investors transform into customers and whether these customers have the potential to remain loyal to the venture. Based on a survey of crowd-investors of a German equity crowdfunding platform, we show crowd-investors' potential as loyal customers and find that their trust and affective commitment towards a funded venture are the main drivers in their transformation into loyal customers. Furthermore, we find that trust and affective commitment intervene the positive effects of identity-driven precursors. Our findings highlight that equity crowdfunding has the potential to address two major challenges entrepreneurial ventures are faced with: finding investors and gaining loyal customers. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 82-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: equity crowdfunding; crowd-investor behaviour; customer acquisition; customer loyalty; commitment-trust theory; entrepreneurial ventures; investomer; structural equation modelling; social identity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:82-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Katiuska Cabrera-Suárez Author-X-Name-First: M. Katiuska Author-X-Name-Last: Cabrera-Suárez Author-Name: Josefa D. Martín-Santana Author-X-Name-First: Josefa D. Author-X-Name-Last: Martín-Santana Title: The influence of family commitment on the socioemotional wealth agenda of Spanish family firms: the effects on performance Abstract: Socioemotional wealth (SEW) is recognised as a relevant approach to analyse the idiosyncratic nature of family firms (FFs). However, scholars have suggested that SEW may have both a bright and a dark side in relation to its influence on FFs behaviour and performance, and that family influence may play a key role in this issue. We analyse the effect of family commitment on the orientation to an extended or a restricted SEW agenda and on the economic performance of the FF. The analysis of data from 374 family and non-family managers in 173 Spanish non-listed FFs shows that both an extended and restricted SEW agendas derive from family commitment, but only the goals related to an extended SEW lead to better performance. A multigroup analysis shows that the positive performance effects of the extended SEW agenda can only be obtained when family managers are a majority in the top management teams (TMTs). Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 59-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: extended versus restricted SEW; family commitment; family firm; performance; family and non-family managers. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:59-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Licznerska Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Licznerska Author-Name: Pawel Ziemianski Author-X-Name-First: Pawel Author-X-Name-Last: Ziemianski Title: A breath of fresh air - social cognitive career theory in studying entrepreneurial intentions Abstract: A pinch of robustness and a pinch of freshness create an interesting story. That is why this study focuses on entrepreneurial intentions from an alternative theoretical perspective in an underexplored context. In this paper, it is argued that social cognitive career theory is relevant to the study of individual entrepreneurial cognition and behaviour, and it offers a solid framework in entrepreneurship research. This paper expands on SCCT's conceptualisation of environmental determinants, proposing the examination of how a new combination of contextual factors (perceived educational, relational and structural support), entrepreneurial self-efficacy, individual entrepreneurial orientation and negative outcome expectations are related to entrepreneurial intentions. For this exploratory study, a questionnaire completed by a sample of students from Poland, one of the Central and Eastern European countries, was employed. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed support for the role of SCCT variables in predicting entrepreneurial intentions. The results, which offer direct useful indications for further research activities, are presented and discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 126-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions; individual entrepreneurial orientation; IEO; entrepreneurial support; social cognitive career theory; SCCT. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:2:p:126-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oyedele Ogundana Author-X-Name-First: Oyedele Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundana Author-Name: Kostas Galanakis Author-X-Name-First: Kostas Author-X-Name-Last: Galanakis Author-Name: Amon Simba Author-X-Name-First: Amon Author-X-Name-Last: Simba Author-Name: Lynn Oxborrow Author-X-Name-First: Lynn Author-X-Name-Last: Oxborrow Title: Growth perception amongst women entrepreneurs: an emerging economy perspective Abstract: Consistent with studies that focus on business growth amongst female and male entrepreneurs, this study examines the way women entrepreneurs in Lagos-State, Nigeria, perceive business growth. It utilises Nvivo for coding transcribed data obtained through face-to-face interviews that involved 35 women entrepreneurs in Lagos-State. From an in-depth analysis of their conceptualisation of business growth, the study develops comprehensive insights into the way growth is perceived in women-owned enterprises in Lagos-State. It reveals that women entrepreneurs involved in the day-to-day operations of small garment-producing enterprises associate growth with a percentage change in their clientele however small. More importantly, they accept that their descriptors of growth derive from the interrelation between their social environment, individual thought and behaviour. Thus, this study contributes to the literature on gender and entrepreneurship by illustrating context-specific parameters that shape the way women entrepreneurs in a developing country conceptualise business growth. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 109-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: women-owned businesses; business growth; garment manufacturing industry; Lagos; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:109-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonella Garofano Author-X-Name-First: Antonella Author-X-Name-Last: Garofano Title: Exploring the collective dimension of agricultural entrepreneurship: the case of a wine cooperative in Italy Abstract: To date, a limited contribution has been given to the contextualisation of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Furthermore, existing studies on the sector mainly focused on individual farmers' skills and characteristics. Therefore, more research seems needed to investigate agricultural entrepreneurship within collective-owned firms, such as cooperatives. Based on these assumptions, this work aims at: 1) exploring the collective dimension of agricultural entrepreneurship; 2) providing a more nuanced perspective on how entrepreneurial opportunities are identified and pursued at the two distinct but interweaving levels of cooperative organisation, namely jointly-owned firm and owners-members. The paper focuses on the in-depth longitudinal case-study of a wine cooperative in the south of Italy with 1,000 members. Insights on how agricultural cooperatives may support small farmers and the whole territorial community are provided. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 193-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: agricultural entrepreneurship; collective entrepreneurship; wine cooperatives; farmers; Italy; innovation; sustainable development; case-study research. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120977 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:2:p:193-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vegard Johansen Author-X-Name-First: Vegard Author-X-Name-Last: Johansen Title: Mini-companies and school performance in four European countries Abstract: Mini-companies combine practical and theoretical learning; the company program (CP) was the most participated mini-company scheme in Europe. This article assessed whether participation in CP influenced school performance in secondary schools in Belgium, Finland, Italy and Latvia. The study compared students with high CP activity (100 hours or more), low CP activity (25-99 hours), and no CP activity. The investigation used a pre-test post-test design, and it found that students with high CP activity had a higher grade point average (GPA) than non-participants. Thus, the CP seemed to be a well-adapted working method for the improvement of learning in various subject areas. However, the correlation between CP and GPA differed among the countries. 2,789 students in 20 secondary schools (16-19 years of age) participated in the study. Multivariate analyses were used to control for competing factors relevant to GPA. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 128-140 Issue: 1 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship education; mini companies; the company program; school performance; grade point average; GPA; Europe; secondary schools; students; Belgium; Finland; Italy; Latvia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126353 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:1:p:128-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michela-Cesarina Mason Author-X-Name-First: Michela-Cesarina Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Author-Name: Adriano Paggiaro Author-X-Name-First: Adriano Author-X-Name-Last: Paggiaro Author-Name: Gioele Zamparo Author-X-Name-First: Gioele Author-X-Name-Last: Zamparo Author-Name: Francesca Visintin Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Visintin Title: Entrepreneurial scales in the Italian academia context: a comparison between university spin-offs and high-tech start-ups Abstract: The present study, through a cross-sectional comparison, focuses on three well-known constructs in the entrepreneurial literature, namely entrepreneurial identity (EI), entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO), to assess their potential use in studies concerning university spin-offs (USOs). The current analysis wants to contribute to the research field by pushing forward the theoretical understanding of entrepreneurial dynamics in academic spin-offs, and besides ensuring the reliability of results in survey research on USOs by validating the scales of the aforementioned constructs, it provides new insights into the relationship between EI, EB and EO and the subjective performance of Italian USOs. To achieve these purposes, we draw on a robust national sample of 233 Italian USOs and 267 Italian high-tech start-ups (HTSs), which were used as a control group. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 210-234 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation; entrepreneurial bricolage; university spin-off; USO; entrepreneurial identity; academic entrepreneurship; scales validation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120979 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:2:p:210-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Cannavale Author-X-Name-First: Chiara Author-X-Name-Last: Cannavale Author-Name: Lorenza Claudio Author-X-Name-First: Lorenza Author-X-Name-Last: Claudio Author-Name: Giorgia Rivieccio Author-X-Name-First: Giorgia Author-X-Name-Last: Rivieccio Author-Name: Iman Zohoorian Nadali Author-X-Name-First: Iman Zohoorian Author-X-Name-Last: Nadali Title: Enactment of entrepreneurial intention: is gender egalitarianism a facilitator or an inhibitor? Abstract: This study seeks to respond to this question: does gender egalitarianism (GE) affect the enactment of entrepreneurial intentions? It refers to the TPB and analyses the effects of GE on the impact of intention on activity. Doing so, it will contribute to understanding how GE moderates the entrepreneurial intention-action gap. It applies a quantitative approach employing data from GEM and GLOBE at country level. Findings show that GE value moderates in nonlinear way the effects of entrepreneurial intentions on activities, and that GE value has also a curvilinear effect on entrepreneurial activity, while GE practice does not show any moderating role, both linear and nonlinear, in such relationship. All the relationships were controlled for country level variables. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 152-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurial intention; entrepreneurial activity; theory of planned behaviour; TPB; entrepreneurship; culture; values; behaviour; Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; GEM; GLOBE; gender egalitarianism. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:2:p:152-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibrahim Fatwa Wijaya Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Fatwa Author-X-Name-Last: Wijaya Author-Name: Bambang Setiaji Author-X-Name-First: Bambang Author-X-Name-Last: Setiaji Author-Name: Linggar Ikhsan Nugroho Author-X-Name-First: Linggar Ikhsan Author-X-Name-Last: Nugroho Title: Micro and small business risk-taking behaviour: does religion matter? Abstract: This study aims to investigate the impact of Muslim entrepreneurs' religiosity on risk-taking behaviour, i.e., choosing a high-risk vs. low-risk lending product in Islamic banking. The authors used probit regression to test the role of entrepreneurs' religiosity in choosing mode of finance in Islamic banking. Data were collected using the questionnaire method; 249 respondents from the Central Java province, Indonesia, took part in this survey. The respondents are both micro and small enterprises. The findings reveal that the religiosity level of entrepreneurs has determinant effects on the risk-taking behaviour pattern, i.e., the more religious entrepreneurs prefer to have a less risky mode of finance. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 265-278 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: religiosity; risk-taking; Islamic banks; SMEs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:265-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurizio Dallocchio Author-X-Name-First: Maurizio Author-X-Name-Last: Dallocchio Author-Name: Emanuele Teti Author-X-Name-First: Emanuele Author-X-Name-Last: Teti Author-Name: Matteo Perugi Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Perugi Title: Italian SMEs and IPO performance. An empirical analysis over a ten-year period Abstract: We investigate the performance of shares issued by Italian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) between January 2007 and August 2017. The empirical evidence shows that stocks traded on the AIM Italian market - the market of Borsa Italiana devoted to the SMEs with high growth potential - significantly underperform compared to other similarly listed companies over the same time span. The cause is related neither to the limited size of the companies - small firms significantly outperform larger ones within the sample - nor to the tendency to inflate the economic results in the fiscal year before the IPO, but our result is rather explained by the limited liquidity of most underperforming SMEs. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 279-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: small and medium enterprises; SMEs; AIM Italia; IPOs; performances; small cap. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122021 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:279-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriele Griffin Author-X-Name-First: Gabriele Author-X-Name-Last: Griffin Author-Name: Anneli Häyrén Author-X-Name-First: Anneli Author-X-Name-Last: Häyrén Title: Female entrepreneurship as rupture: becoming a female entrepreneur in Sweden in neoliberal times Abstract: Neoliberal economies have fostered entrepreneurship through the restructuring and reduction of public sector employment, an emphasis on individual agency, and on becoming entrepreneur as a processual project of self. Female entrepreneurship as a situated phenomenon takes particular forms in this context. Drawing on empirical research on female entrepreneurs in Sweden, we suggest that becoming entrepreneur for our interviewees involves agency as a reaction formation to five phenomena: organisational restructuring processes, work conflicts in previous employment, sickness, family issues, and a view of life as a differently worked and lived project than encapsulated in conventional employment. Entrepreneuring here becomes rupture but also engagement with new entrepreneurial support structures, in this instance an all-female co-working hub. We challenge certain core assumptions about entrepreneurship, in particular the notion of entrepreneurs as young and solely future- and goal-oriented. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 300-313 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: female entrepreneur; mid-life entrepreneur; reaction formation; neoliberalism; work life cycle; entrepreneuring as rupture. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122022 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:300-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronen Harel Author-X-Name-First: Ronen Author-X-Name-Last: Harel Author-Name: Dan Kaufmann Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Kaufmann Title: Funding innovative SMEs operating in traditional sectors Abstract: This study is a continuation of Harel and Kaufmann's research, who investigated the funding difficulties of Innovative SMEs in Traditional Sectors (ISTS) from the supply side. The current study aim is to assess the ISTS funding market-failure argument, from the demand side as well. The findings based on an analysis of case studies show similar reports of lack of funding access, despite the great diversity and variety of the companies in the sample, as manifested in their activities across an array of industrial sectors, their levels of innovation, their present lifecycle stages, and their broad size and age range. The in-depth interviews contribute to an understanding of the market failure from the personal perspective of the company executives, provided a first-ever opportunity to obtain sensitive, seldom-revealed information and data, and afforded the opportunity to shed light from a different perspective on the difficulties ISTS face in obtaining financing for innovation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 314-333 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: SME; funding; innovation; traditional sectors; market failure. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:314-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Greco Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Author-Name: Marco Tregua Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Tregua Title: It gives you wheels: the university-based accelerators in start-up ecosystems Abstract: Many scholars have investigated the growing phenomenon of start-ups in the last decade from various angles; this paper aims to join the ongoing debate over university-based accelerators (UBAs) by addressing how they contribute to the development and growth of start-ups and to the viability of a start-up ecosystem. The review led to consider actors, geographical contexts, and resources as the three main drivers shaping a start-up ecosystem and the support UBAs offered to start-ups. A preliminary analysis on several start-up ecosystems around the world and two on-field studies led the research to show methodological, theoretical, and practical advances, as UBAs offer a hard-to-replicate combination of suitable conditions for start-up acceleration, due to prestige in the business context, the operationalisation of models and methods, and the setting up of a fertile ground for start-ups. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 235-257 Issue: 2 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: start-up; accelerators; university-based accelerators; UBAs; start-up ecosystems; entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=121000 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:2:p:235-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan Yin Lee Author-X-Name-First: Yan Yin Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Mohammad Falahat Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Author-X-Name-Last: Falahat Author-Name: Bil Kai Sia Author-X-Name-First: Bil Kai Author-X-Name-Last: Sia Title: Digitalisation and internationalisation of SMEs in emerging markets Abstract: Digitalisation is one of the drivers for emergence of early internationalising firms. However, only limited empirical studies outline the mechanism of how these firms can benefit from digitalisation. To fill this gap, we explore how digitalisation benefits early internationalising SMEs and the determinants of digital orientation through case interviews of 20 SMEs from low and high tech industries in Malaysia. Our findings reveal the entrepreneur, product, firm, technology and market characteristics that determine the digital orientations of firms in the international market. Firms with the relevant characteristics of determinants could leverage digitalisation for early and rapid internationalisation. The paper also highlights six interesting topics worth further exploration in international entrepreneurship research. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 334-354 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: born global firms; brand orientation; digitalisation; digital orientation; early internationalisation; rapid internationalisation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:334-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quan V. Le Author-X-Name-First: Quan V. Author-X-Name-Last: Le Author-Name: Mai Nguyen Lisovich Author-X-Name-First: Mai Nguyen Author-X-Name-Last: Lisovich Title: Explaining gender differences in entrepreneurship: the impact of motivations, success factors and business training on the performance of microenterprises in central Vietnam Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyse and explain gender differences in entrepreneurship in Vietnam by measuring the impacts of motivations, success factors, and business training programs for entrepreneurs on the performance of their microenterprises. A questionnaire was administered to 110 female and 110 male business owners in Vietnam in 2016 and data were collected in the central region of the country with a very high ratio of female entrepreneurs. This study confirms that there are gender differences with respect to the entrepreneurial motivations, perceived success factors, and the types of business training received by the entrepreneurs. The study also reveals evidence that business training provided to male and female entrepreneurs has different impacts on the performance of microenterprises owned by them. As a result, a 'one size fits all' approach to training entrepreneurs may not be appropriate since not all types of training programs lead to the improvements of the performance of microenterprises. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 355-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: entrepreneurship; gender; motivations; success factors; business training; performance; microenterprises; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:355-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christel Tessier-Dargent Author-X-Name-First: Christel Author-X-Name-Last: Tessier-Dargent Author-Name: Alain Fayolle Author-X-Name-First: Alain Author-X-Name-Last: Fayolle Title: The social dimension of necessity entrepreneurship Abstract: This paper aims to propose a new perspective on necessity entrepreneurship (NE). This phenomenon is indeed widely considered in the literature as having no or a negative impact on economic growth and is therefore mostly depreciated by scholars. We argue that NE allows to socially integrate deprived individuals and increases their psychological and human capital, if adequate structures and public policies are in place. We have opened a new venue, in considering for the first time NE in the perspective of a knowledge development process, calling for a differentiated approach. Although NE proves to play a limited impact on shrinking unemployment, fighting poverty and reducing discriminations, its social role as inclusive tool for deprived individuals has been underestimated: efficient entrepreneurial knowledge management, skills and competencies development in a constrained context can have a positive impact on individuals and societies. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 376-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: necessity entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial competencies; social capital; human capital; social entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:376-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ville-Veikko Piispanen Author-X-Name-First: Ville-Veikko Author-X-Name-Last: Piispanen Author-Name: Kaarlo J. Paloniemi Author-X-Name-First: Kaarlo J. Author-X-Name-Last: Paloniemi Author-Name: Antti Kauppinen Author-X-Name-First: Antti Author-X-Name-Last: Kauppinen Title: Trust, distrust and psychological ownership in strategic entrepreneurship-based tensions Abstract: Several studies have considered the chief executive officer (CEO) and that person's advantage-seeking (AS) and opportunity-seeking (OS) activities, including the CEO's trust and distrust of employees of large firms. Nevertheless, prior research does not offer an approach that assesses the potential link between those concepts in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper aims to fill this gap by examining tension regarding CEOs' experiences in the business development (BD) of SMEs from the perspectives of AS, OS, trust (T), distrust (D) and psychological ownership (PO). The basis for a new theory is built here by first coding a CEO's narratives and recoding the material to the existing literature through cross-validation. The results of this study highlight that a CEO's strategic entrepreneurship (SE) activities, trusting and distrusting beliefs in board members (BMs) and PO affect the tension CEOs experience between the board members on an SME's business development. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 396-421 Issue: 3 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: chief executive officer; CEO; tension; strategic entrepreneurship; opportunity-seeking; advantage-seeking; psychological ownership; balance; business development; trusting beliefs; distrusting beliefs; narrative. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:3:p:396-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nessrine Omrani Author-X-Name-First: Nessrine Author-X-Name-Last: Omrani Author-Name: Adnane Maalaoui Author-X-Name-First: Adnane Author-X-Name-Last: Maalaoui Author-Name: Charles Perez Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Perez Author-Name: Gaël Bertrand Author-X-Name-First: Gaël Author-X-Name-Last: Bertrand Author-Name: Rony Germon Author-X-Name-First: Rony Author-X-Name-Last: Germon Title: Geographic dimension, information asymmetry, and the success of crowdfunding campaigns Abstract: In this paper, we study the relationship between geographic distance, asymmetric information and the success of crowdfunding campaigns. For this purpose, we collect data from the 'Kickstarter' crowdfunding platform from 2012 to 2013. The sample contains 9,146 projects financed by more than 300,000 funders in 165 countries. An ordinary least squares (OLS) model was used. Results show a positive and significant relationship between information asymmetry items and the success of the crowdfunding campaign. This relationship is negative between the geographic distance of the funders and the campaign's success, meaning that the farther the funder is located from the project, the less is the probability of the campaign's success. Results also show that the number of funders, the duration of the project, and the economic sector are linked to crowdfunding campaign success. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 16-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: crowdfunding; geographic distance; ordinary least squares; OLS; asymmetric information. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120551 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:1:p:16-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amanze Ejiogu Author-X-Name-First: Amanze Author-X-Name-Last: Ejiogu Author-Name: Obiora Okechukwu Author-X-Name-First: Obiora Author-X-Name-Last: Okechukwu Author-Name: Chibuzo Ejiogu Author-X-Name-First: Chibuzo Author-X-Name-Last: Ejiogu Author-Name: Andrews Owusu Author-X-Name-First: Andrews Author-X-Name-Last: Owusu Author-Name: Ogechi Adeola Author-X-Name-First: Ogechi Author-X-Name-Last: Adeola Title: Determinants of informal entrepreneurship in Africa Abstract: This study investigates the determinants of informal entrepreneurship in Africa. Using a cross-section of 21,954 firms from 47 African countries, the study estimates several multivariate models to examine the factors that are associated with the decision of firms to register at the start of their operation and the length of time to remain unregistered. The findings show that entrepreneurship in the informal sector is complex and context-bound as contextual factors unique to Africa, such as, corruption, political instability, crime rate, infrastructure (electricity and transportation), and access to land and finance, influence the entrepreneur's decision to register their firm at the start of its operation. The length of time firms remain unregistered is shown to be positively correlated to access to finance and infrastructural availability and negatively related to crime and political instability. These results vary based on the size of the business with larger businesses being impacted less by these variables. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 35-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: Africa; informal entrepreneurship; socio-cultural; corruption; crime. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:1:p:35-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dinh Ba Hung Anh Author-X-Name-First: Dinh Ba Hung Author-X-Name-Last: Anh Author-Name: Le Doan Minh Duc Author-X-Name-First: Le Doan Minh Author-X-Name-Last: Duc Author-Name: Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Thi Hoang Author-X-Name-Last: Yen Author-Name: Nguyen Thanh Hung Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Thanh Author-X-Name-Last: Hung Author-Name: Nguyen Hoang Tien Author-X-Name-First: Nguyen Hoang Author-X-Name-Last: Tien Title: Sustainable development of social entrepreneurship: evidence from Vietnam Abstract: This article delivers a full insight into interrelated concepts of social enterprise, social entrepreneurship and their sustainability issues. Despite the different nature, determinant factors, motivation and purpose, as well as orientation towards sustainable development of commercial and social enterprises (commercial and social entrepreneurship) the results of analysis show that both form of entrepreneurship could stay together to successfully bridge social capital leading to the development of both forms of entrepreneurial activities. Using extensive conceptual analysis as an adopted methodology for the study, together with carried out original research in Vietnam on entrepreneurship in the largest megacities and in the far-off local areas (countryside), the article revealed a predominant kind of entrepreneurship in each of two distinctive zones. Finally, the article proposed several solutions to enhance social and commercial entrepreneurship in the countryside; to strengthen their mutual support, to promote their synergy effect and expansion for the purpose of sustainable development. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 62-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: social entrepreneurship; social enterprise; sustainable development; social responsibility; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:1:p:62-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Costa Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Costa Author-Name: António Lucas Soares Author-X-Name-First: António Lucas Author-X-Name-Last: Soares Author-Name: Jorge Pinho De Sousa Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Pinho De Author-X-Name-Last: Sousa Author-Name: Maria Elo Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Elo Author-Name: Susana Costa e Silva Author-X-Name-First: Susana Costa e Author-X-Name-Last: Silva Title: Portuguese textile association fostering the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises Abstract: The support and influence of industrial business associations (IBAs) for the internationalisation process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is questioned. This qualitative case study on the textile industry in Portugal illustrates how SMEs are influenced by their IBA. Findings suggest that it has a preponderant role in supporting the international expansion of associated SMEs. Particularly, the promotion and organisation of trade fairs seem to foster first entries and continuous international expansion in the same way the IBA seems to influence their foreign market selection. However, SMEs feel that the IBA's work could still be improved by their facilitating more matchmaking processes, promoting collaborations, improving their seizing of available internationalisation opportunities, and providing more information about agents and distributors in foreign markets. Thus, we can say that, despite the internet and global opportunities that firms can directly benefit from, the role of IBAs is still relevant for SME's internationalisation, and there is still room for improvement. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 77-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: international business intermediaries; internationalisation; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; industrial business associations; IBAs; internationalisation process; business networks; institutional networks. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120554 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:1:p:77-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Shaunn Mattingly Author-X-Name-First: E. Shaunn Author-X-Name-Last: Mattingly Author-Name: Garrett A. McBrayer Author-X-Name-First: Garrett A. Author-X-Name-Last: McBrayer Title: Consideration sets as resources for business model generation Abstract: Business models as outcomes for entrepreneurship are increasing in prevalence in pedagogy and practice. Instructors and entrepreneurs are focusing efforts on iterating potential ideas through a process of trial and error in hopes to produce working business models. However, such practices need to be better underpinned by theory so we can develop an understanding of how to identify more valuable opportunity ideas and how to progress them towards working business models with fewer trials and errors. This conceptual paper focuses on integrating extant conceptualisations of business models as interdependent activities with research on identifying opportunities as problem-solution pairings. While integrating those literatures, the present framework also details how reliance on constrained, systematic search - with its resource-based view underpinnings - can help individuals with entrepreneurial aspirations identify more valuable opportunities and progress them faster and with fewer trials and errors into working business models. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 97-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 45 Year: 2022 Keywords: recombination; entrepreneurship; systematic search; knowledge; business model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=120555 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:45:y:2022:i:1:p:97-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Achouak Barguellil Author-X-Name-First: Achouak Author-X-Name-Last: Barguellil Title: Testing for asymmetric nonlinear short and long-run relationships between remittances and exchange rate volatility Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of emigrant remittances by highlighting the impact of asymmetric exchange rate volatility. We have estimated an asymmetric ARDL-PMG panel model on a sample of MENA countries observed over the period 1980-2017. The results of the ARDL-PMG nonlinear model estimates indicate that, in the long-run, economic growth and fixed capital accumulation both have significant upward impacts on emigrant remittances. The incorporation of the exchange rate asymmetry assumption suggests a positive and significant effect only for downward movements in the exchange rate. The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on emigrant remittances is significant only for negative changes. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 142-155 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: remittances; exchange rate volatility; asymmetric nonlinear ARD; panel model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126705 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:142-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faten Ben Bouheni Author-X-Name-First: Faten Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Bouheni Author-Name: Elena Margarint Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Margarint Author-Name: Hassan Obeid Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Obeid Title: Banks' capital buffer, profitability and risk of failure: the effect of regulation, supervision and the business cycle Abstract: In this article, we apply the GMM technique on dynamic panels, using both bank-level data and country-level data for the three largest European economies (Germany, the UK and France) during the period 2005-2013 to investigate the impact of regulation, supervision and the business cycle on capital buffers, banking profitability and the risk of failure. Our results provide three major findings. First, the regulation indicators have a negative impact on bank profitability. When the supervisory authority imposes restrictions on banking activities, managers become more risk-averse, the bank's risk-taking decreases and, as a consequence, profitability decreases. Second, the measures adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the Basel III Accord) regarding the management of capital buffers over the business cycle are very important in order to fortify the banking system's stability. Third, regulation and supervision perform differently, depending on the indicators of profitability and the risk of failure. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 156-169 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: capital buffer; profitability; risk of failure; business cycle; regulation; supervision dynamic panel. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126708 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:156-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marwa Sallemi Author-X-Name-First: Marwa Author-X-Name-Last: Sallemi Author-Name: Salah Ben Hamad Author-X-Name-First: Salah Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Hamad Title: Risk management and corruption control: what impact on banking stability? A moderation analysis Abstract: Insolvency is a huge threat to banking institutions due to the lack of an appropriate technique to measure this risk. This work examines the effect of banking regulation using a set of panel data obtained in 74 banks from ten OECD countries during the period 2006-2016. We have considered macroeconomic and microeconomic parameters to estimate the insolvency risk at these institutions and evaluate the effect of each parameter on the growth of the firm. The results have shown the degree of importance of regulation and banking supervision in some of the sample countries on taking the risk of insolvency that is measured by the <i>Z</i>-score and subsequently the achievement of banking stability. On the one hand, bank capital affects stability positively. On the other hand, the cash risk measured by the increase in the 'LTA' ratio and non-performing loans has a negative effect. In addition, effective corruption control is found to significantly moderate CEO behaviour and, therefore, affect the banks stability. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 170-192 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: bank stability; banking management techniques; corruption control index. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:170-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaila Srivastava Author-X-Name-First: Shaila Author-X-Name-Last: Srivastava Author-Name: Shweta Dixit Author-X-Name-First: Shweta Author-X-Name-Last: Dixit Title: Effects of macro-economic indicators on investment in equities Abstract: This study investigates the effects of macroeconomic factors such as inflation, gross domestic product, exchange rate, long-term and short-term interest rates and unemployment rate on equity investments in India. In order to measure the performance of equity investments the two most popular indices were used i.e., SENSEX and NIFTY. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is used to predict the SENSEX and NIFTY closing price. Expert Modeler is used to forecast the significant variables under study. Projection of these variables can help the investors to make effective investment decisions as well help the government in designing policies to encourage more investment inflow. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 193-202 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: SENSEX; NIFTY; equities; ARIMA; exponential smoothing; macro-economic indicators. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126712 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:193-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wafa Kchaou Author-X-Name-First: Wafa Author-X-Name-Last: Kchaou Author-Name: Wafa Lehyani Author-X-Name-First: Wafa Author-X-Name-Last: Lehyani Author-Name: Salah Ben Hamad Author-X-Name-First: Salah Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Hamad Title: The effect of unconditional conservatism on the effectiveness of investment policies through overconfidence in the French context Abstract: In this paper, we first present a practical analysis of the reciprocal relationship between unconditional accounting conservatism and managerial overconfidence. Second, we examine the accounting conservatism effect on the investment policy effectiveness in the French context. The analysis sample includes non-financial companies listed on SBF 250 market with the period 2009-2017. We determine, through this analysis, whether accounting conservatism mitigates the optimism of over-confident managers, knowing that they generally tend to overestimate future returns on investments, exercise less prudent accounting practices and over-invest in capital projects. Basically, this research aims to verify the type of moderating effect that accounting conservatism provides for investment policy effectiveness, and the reduction of related behavioural bias generated by overconfidence. Empirical results allow elucidating this relationship and removing the ambiguity of the accounting conservatism role on over-investment processes. The conclusions partly opposed to those established in the literature on other analytical samples. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 203-238 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: unconditional accounting conservatism; investment policies; managerial overconfidence; overinvestment; dynamic panel. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126713 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:203-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mbarek Rahmoune Author-X-Name-First: Mbarek Author-X-Name-Last: Rahmoune Author-Name: Anis Ben Salem Author-X-Name-First: Anis Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Salem Author-Name: Mohamed Amine Zainine Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Amine Author-X-Name-Last: Zainine Title: Managing telecommunication customer satisfaction versus perception of service quality Abstract: Customer satisfaction is generally represented as the result of a comparison between the expected quality and the perceived quality. However, several marketing researchers have considered that satisfaction is a direct result of perception. Based on the latter statement, we study the causal relationship between customer perception of service and satisfaction. Our study consists in analysing how the perception of the KELMA services (provided to professional customers of Tunisie Telecom) impacts customer satisfaction levels. The results of this study prove that business customers' satisfaction is significantly and negatively influenced by their price perception, and positively influenced by their quality perception. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 239-253 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: customer perception; customer satisfaction; service quality; customer loyalty; telecommunication; satisfaction degree; customer expectation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126714 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:239-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raju Varghese Vazhapilly Author-X-Name-First: Raju Varghese Author-X-Name-Last: Vazhapilly Author-Name: Leena B. Dam Author-X-Name-First: Leena B. Author-X-Name-Last: Dam Title: 'Kasar' community: migration from community business Abstract: Community businesses have dominated the landscape of Indian business since time immemorial. Business communities of India were smaller communities based on religion or caste. Based on its origin, every business community had governing norms. These norms decided the product or service that the community dealt in. There were religious and social parameters governing the community. One such business community was the 'Kasar' community with major presence in Maharashtra. The community was traders of bangles and metal craft. 'Kasar' community and bangle trading are synonymous in Maharashtra. Bangles are ritually very important in several customs and traditions of India. Once, a thriving community in the bangle trading business, its members are now migrating away from their traditional business. The aim of this study is to analyse the business practises of this community. The study also investigates the possible reasons for shift in calling from traditional business to other opportunities. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 254-268 Issue: 2/3 Volume: 47 Year: 2022 Keywords: Indian business communities; caste system; best business practices; 'Kasar' business community; bangles; lakk bangles. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=126719 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:47:y:2022:i:2/3:p:254-268