Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferihane Zaraa Boubaker Author-X-Name-First: Ferihane Zaraa Author-X-Name-Last: Boubaker Author-Name: Kamel Naoui Author-X-Name-First: Kamel Author-X-Name-Last: Naoui Title: A post-merger performance of acquiring firms: evidence from French stock market Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of takeovers on the short- and long-run stock market performance of a sample of 87 mergers and acquisitions transactions undertaken between 2008–2012 by French financial and real estate industry. For the short horizon event studies, document short-run non-significant abnormal returns of acquiring companies. Furthermore, we test the financial performance by computing the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR), the buy and hold abnormal returns (BHAR) and the Jensen measure (alpha) to study long horizon of up to 60 months, as part of the calendar analysis, and 36 months in the event approach. The results show negative and significant long-term abnormal returns on acquiring companies either on event time or in calendar analysis for different horizons. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 43-63 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: mergers; acquisitions; short-term performance; long run performance; event studies; entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:43-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bora Aktan Author-X-Name-First: Bora Author-X-Name-Last: Aktan Author-Name: Sinem Peker Author-X-Name-First: Sinem Author-X-Name-Last: Peker Author-Name: Makram Bellalah Author-X-Name-First: Makram Author-X-Name-Last: Bellalah Title: What Ward's clustering method tells about the four largest emerging equity markets? Abstract: Investing in stock market indices or ETFs could be more reasonable (and secure) for relatively new and incognisant investors who are personally unable to value of each stock–firm in a way. This paper attempts to group the well-known four largest emerging stock markets so-called BRIC or big-four economies namely Brazil, Russia, India and China based on return characteristics through Ward's hierarchical clustering method over the period of 2005 and 2015. Additionally, the first principle component (PCA) of the related indices is calculated and the abnormal variability is observed through control chart over time. Results indicate that Brazilian and Indian markets show more similarity over the studied period. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 64-70 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: Brazil; Russia; India and China; BRIC; big four; emerging markets; clustering; index; PCA. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:64-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Ankenbrand Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Ankenbrand Author-Name: Fabian Kostadinov Author-X-Name-First: Fabian Author-X-Name-Last: Kostadinov Author-Name: Faten Ben Bouheni Author-X-Name-First: Faten Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Bouheni Author-Name: Mondher Bellalah Author-X-Name-First: Mondher Author-X-Name-Last: Bellalah Title: Cyclical behaviour of the Swiss real estate market Abstract: The influence of the last real estate crisis in Switzerland, in the '90s, was severe. Here, we seek to analyse the Swiss real estate market using agent-based modelling (ABM), from December 1986 to September 2014. Our model combines explicit knowledge of behavioural patterns of the agents, with implicit knowledge in the form of time series analysis. Findings are in line with other markets, indicating that the Swiss real estate market is pro-cyclical. If the trend of historically long-term increasing prices on the Swiss real estate market stops, we would expect a hard landing. Then, if regulation reduces the increasing real estate prices, this would lead to a drop in long-term prices. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 71-99 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: Swiss real estate market; agent-based modelling; economic cycle. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104235 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:71-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Mbarek Hassene Author-X-Name-First: Ben Mbarek Author-X-Name-Last: Hassene Author-Name: Imed Gammoudi Author-X-Name-First: Imed Author-X-Name-Last: Gammoudi Author-Name: Mohamed El Ghourabi Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed El Author-X-Name-Last: Ghourabi Title: Financial stress testing of Tunisian banking sector in worst case scenarios Abstract: Financial stress testing (FST) is a key technique for quantifying financial vulnerabilities; it is an important risk management tool. FST should ask which scenarios lead to big loss with a given level of plausibility. However, traditional FSTs are criticised firstly for the plausibility that rose against stress testing and secondly, for being conducted outside the context of an econometric risk model. Hence, the probability of a sever scenario outcome is unknown and many scenarios yet plausible possibilities are ignored. The aim of this paper is to propose a new FST framework for analysing stress scenarios for financial economic stability. Based on worst case scenario optimisation, our approach is able first to identify the stressful periods with transparent plausibility and second to develop a methodology for conducting FST in the context of any financial-economic risk model. Applied to Tunisian economic system data, our proposed framework identifies more harmful scenarios that are equally plausible leading to stress periods not detected by classical methods. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 222-232 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: worst-case scenarios; financial stress testing; FST; risk management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104236 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:222-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Najla Hamdi Author-X-Name-First: Najla Author-X-Name-Last: Hamdi Author-Name: Mohamed Imen Gallali Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Imen Author-X-Name-Last: Gallali Title: Entrenchment, director' networks, and CEO compensation Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between CEO compensation and the hypothesis of entrenchment according to the two approaches of governance (disciplinary and cognitive); a model is developed and tested. Based on a sample of 130 Canadian companies, composing the Toronto stock index S%P /TSX cover the period from 2005 to 2015, we examine whether networks are built for reasons of information gathering or for the accumulation of managerial influence. Our results suggest that in Canada the executive's network (centrality degree), in our case, enable the CEO to obtain higher compensation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 2-26 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: executive remuneration; professional and social networks; corporate governance; entrenchment of executive. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:2-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haykel Hamdi Author-X-Name-First: Haykel Author-X-Name-Last: Hamdi Author-Name: Jihed Majdoub Author-X-Name-First: Jihed Author-X-Name-Last: Majdoub Title: Optimal option portfolio hedging strategy with non-Gaussian fluctuations Abstract: The third and fourth moments are two important factors in designing the optimal hedge strategy. This paper investigates the problem of futures hedging under the third and fourth moment based on the multi-objective programming. As the price of the underlying asset changes over time, delta of the option changes and a gamma hedge is required along with delta hedge to reduce risk. This motivates us to find an improvement in delta approximation for various models as well as to investigate the extent of such improvement across fourth moment models. We develop in this work a new framework of risk measure via the fourth moment order of expected utility which is more sensitive to large fluctuations in the variance and risk aversion. Results show that the new approach of Delta optimisation with expected utility ensure significant improvement in modelling option prices leading to better risk-management decision-making. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 27-42 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: risk aversion; utility functions; options on the CAC 40 index; delta hedging; hedging strategy optimal extreme risk. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:27-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oussama Kchaou Author-X-Name-First: Oussama Author-X-Name-Last: Kchaou Author-Name: Makram Bellalah Author-X-Name-First: Makram Author-X-Name-Last: Bellalah Title: The contagion of the Greek debt crisis on the EMU sovereign bond markets: a Garch-DCC approach Abstract: We use the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model of Engle (2002) to examine the contagion effects from the Greek debt crisis on seven Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) sovereign bond markets. Following this purpose, daily data on ten-year sovereign bond yields for each market were collected for a period ranging from 1 September 2009 to 31 December 2015. We show a strong evidence of contagion effects from the Greek sovereign bond market to those of the other peripheral countries during the spring of 2010 suggesting a «wake-up call contagion» phenomenon. Except for this period, the DCC return series strongly reject the hypothesis of contagion stemming from the ten-year Greek government bond to our seven sovereign debt markets. We thus argue that over time, investors became more confident that the Greek debt crisis was a special case independent from the other countries. Our results are very important for policymakers and investors. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 100-120 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: contagion; Greek debt crisis; EMU sovereign bonds; DCC model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:100-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rihab Bedoui Author-X-Name-First: Rihab Author-X-Name-Last: Bedoui Author-Name: Sameh Noiali Author-X-Name-First: Sameh Author-X-Name-Last: Noiali Author-Name: Haykel Hamdi Author-X-Name-First: Haykel Author-X-Name-Last: Hamdi Title: Hedge funds portfolio optimisation using a vine copula-GARCH-EVT-CVaR model Abstract: This paper investigates the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) hedge funds portfolio optimisation approach using a univariate GARCH type model, extreme value theory (EVT) and the vine copula to determine the optimal allocation for hedge funds portfolio. First, we apply the generalised pareto distribution (GPD) to model the tails of the innovation of each hedge funds strategy return. Second, we capture the interdependence structure between hedge funds strategies and construct vine copula-GARCH-EVT model. Then, we combine it with Monte Carlo simulation and mean-CVaR model to optimise hedge funds portfolio, in order to estimate the risk more accurately. The empirical results of five Hedge funds indexes show that the C-vine copula can better characterise the interdependence structure between the different hedge funds strategies and the performance of C-vine copula-GARCH-EVT-CVaR model is better that of multivariate copulas-GARCH-EVT-CVaR models in portfolio optimisation. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 121-148 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: hedge funds; vine copula; GARCH; extreme value theory; EVT; conditional value-at-risk; CVaR; portfolio optimisation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104247 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:121-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mongi Gharsellaoui Author-X-Name-First: Mongi Author-X-Name-Last: Gharsellaoui Title: Factors explaining the decision to hold liquid assets: dynamic analysis of Tunisian listed companies Abstract: In this paper, our aim is to study the factors that explain the decision to hold liquid assets. To this end, we examine a sample of 20 Tunisian companies listed on the stock exchange during the 2006–2015 periods. Specifically, we estimate a dynamic panel model that links change in liquidity holdings and some variables that may affect liquidity. The results indicate that companies opt for liquidity as a precaution for a possible financing need, mainly if these companies have difficulty accessing external financing sources. For a company, holding liquidity has two advantages: it allows them to easily cover their obligations and future investments and to retain some of its financial assets. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 149-162 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: liquid asset-holding decision; dynamic panel model; liquidity; financing sources; future investments. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:149-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tawhid Chtioui Author-X-Name-First: Tawhid Author-X-Name-Last: Chtioui Author-Name: Stephanie Thiery Dubuisson Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie Thiery Author-X-Name-Last: Dubuisson Title: Towards a communication-based typology of management control modes: showing the relevance of communicative action for entrepreneurial settings Abstract: This study uses Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action to illustrate the relevance of adopting a communication-based approach in order to better understand the management control process. We develop a three-dimensional measurement model to analyse the act of communication in the management control process in terms of organisational communication, interpersonal communication and managerial communication. We use this model to propose a typology of management control modes and define four modes of communication for the management control process: communicative, relational, command-control and informative. We found that one situation corresponds to highly efficient communication, based on mechanisms for circulating and sharing organisational information. Our results and typology support the idea that communication is a crucial item within the management control process and that it enables it through two specific channels: interpersonal and organisational communication. This communicative management control mode is consistent with new challenges and growth opportunities that emerge in settings such as the ones of entrepreneurship. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 163-191 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: management control; management control systems; MCS; communicative action; entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial settings; typology; control modes; communication; innovation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:163-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorra Ellouze Author-X-Name-First: Dorra Author-X-Name-Last: Ellouze Author-Name: Khadija Mnasri Author-X-Name-First: Khadija Author-X-Name-Last: Mnasri Title: Risk-taking behaviour of family firms: evidence from Tunisia Abstract: Using a unique database of 87 Tunisian non-financial firms over the period 1998–2014, we analyse risk-taking behaviour of family firms. We find evidence that family ownership is positively related to corporate risk-taking. But family firms undertake less risky projects when the manager is not a member of the family or when the founder is no longer active in the firm. Our results show also that in these cases, family ownership becomes negatively associated to risk-taking. Finally, we find that family firms take more risk only when they belong to diversified groups, especially those operating in several industries. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 192-221 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: family ownership; corporate governance; group affiliation; risk-taking. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:192-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nawel Fendri Zouari Author-X-Name-First: Nawel Fendri Author-X-Name-Last: Zouari Author-Name: Salah Ben Hamad Author-X-Name-First: Salah Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Hamad Title: Women on the board and dividend payouts: the moderating effect of institutional ownership in France Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of institutional ownership on the relationship between the characteristics of the directors' board and dividend payouts after the law enforcement on mandatory female quotas in France. We test our hypotheses on a sample of listed firms belonging to the SBF 120 index over the period 2009–2014. We find that the enforcement of this law reduces dividend payouts of firms non-dominated by institutional investors. It has, however, no significant effect on firms' paid dividends which are controlled by institutional stockholders. Tests of the moderating effects reveal that institutional ownership negatively moderates the effect of the board size but, positively moderates the impact of the new quota of women directors on dividend payouts. Institutional investors are powerful in monitoring the large number of directors to retain cash. On the contrary, the new fractions of women directors assume independent roles in forcing insiders to distribute more dividends. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 233-262 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: dividend payouts; corporate board of directors; law on mandatory female quota; gender diversity; institutional ownership; France. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:233-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riadh Manita Author-X-Name-First: Riadh Author-X-Name-Last: Manita Author-Name: Najoua Elommal Author-X-Name-First: Najoua Author-X-Name-Last: Elommal Author-Name: Rey Dang Author-X-Name-First: Rey Author-X-Name-Last: Dang Author-Name: Camille Saintives Author-X-Name-First: Camille Author-X-Name-Last: Saintives Author-Name: L'Hocine Houanti Author-X-Name-First: L'Hocine Author-X-Name-Last: Houanti Title: Does board gender diversity affect firm performance? The mediating role of innovation on the French stock market Abstract: Based on the resource dependency theory, this article investigates the relationships among board gender diversity, innovation, and firm performance. Specifically, this article examines the mediating role of innovation, which may explain how board gender diversity is related to firm performance. Using a sample of 120 SBF companies from 2009 to 2012, the results indicate a negative effect of board gender diversity on innovation. In addition, we do not find evidence of a mediating role of innovation within the board gender diversity-firm performance relationship. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 263-278 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: board of directors; diversity; innovation; gender; corporate governance. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104253 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:263-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amel Sahli Author-X-Name-First: Amel Author-X-Name-Last: Sahli Author-Name: Sabrina Khemiri Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina Author-X-Name-Last: Khemiri Title: Financial crisis and private equity performance in France Abstract: This study aims at analysing the performance of the private equity industry in France taking into account the financial subprime crisis. Based on a sample of 339 private equity funds, the results show that the financial crisis negatively and significantly impacted the performance of private equity funds. Development capital funds and buy-out funds experienced a significant decline in their performance after the crisis. Results show a better resilience of small funds in comparison to larger ones. The bigger funds suffered from a severe drop in their performance after the beginning of the financial crisis. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 279-294 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: financial crisis; private equity; performance; internal rate of return; IRR; France. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:279-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abderrazak Elkhaldi Author-X-Name-First: Abderrazak Author-X-Name-Last: Elkhaldi Author-Name: Nada Ben-Mariem Author-X-Name-First: Nada Author-X-Name-Last: Ben-Mariem Title: Market microstructure and securities values: empirical evidence from the Tunisian Stock Market Abstract: This study proposes to examine the price reaction of a sample of stocks listed on the Tunisian Stock Market following their transfer between continuous trading and fixing trading from January 2005 to January 2017 by analysing the evolution of their cumulative abnormal returns during the period surrounding the transfer event. Our empirical tests yield two important results; first, they contradict the claims on the improvement of returns after the transfer of frequently-traded stocks from fixing to continuous trading. Second, they reveal evidence about the absence of any improvement in returns following the transfer of infrequently-traded stocks from continuous to fixing trading. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 295-310 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: market microstructure; trading systems; cumulative abnormal returns; CARs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104255 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:295-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Omar Masood Author-X-Name-First: Omar Author-X-Name-Last: Masood Author-Name: Kiran Javaria Author-X-Name-First: Kiran Author-X-Name-Last: Javaria Author-Name: Mondher Bellalah Author-X-Name-First: Mondher Author-X-Name-Last: Bellalah Title: An empirical evidence of up-gradation need in Islamic banking sector of Pakistan Abstract: Islamic banking has been gaining popularity in recent past years. This research study examines the need of up-gradation in Islamic banking of Pakistan where mainstream of population about 98% are Muslims. The need of up-gradation in Islamic banking was examined in different segments like people perception about Islamic banking, Islamic banking and micro finance and Islamic banking regarding agriculture. Present study adapted the structured questionnaire from different studies and explored irreconcilable aspect of selected variables. Questionnaires were distributed to bankers and customers in six big cities of Pakistan (Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Quetta and Peshawar) by simple random sampling. The researcher collected data from 986 correspondents by visiting different banks. Conclusion of this study discloses that Islamic banking lack policies regarding microfinance and agriculture related product and services which need to be solving to up-gradate banking system in modern prospect. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 311-324 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: Islamic banking; up-gradation; customer's awareness level; perception; comparative; microfinance policies; agricultural products; up-gradation policies; Pakistan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104256 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:311-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Beckman Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Beckman Author-Name: Nasser Shahrasbi Author-X-Name-First: Nasser Author-X-Name-Last: Shahrasbi Title: Behind the scenes: applying social network analysis to unfold entrepreneurs' investment decisions Abstract: This study aims to test and expand the application of social network analysis (SNA) to entrepreneurship and the joint-investing domain. We used as a setting for our study, the television show <i>Shark Tank</i>, wherein 'Sharks' (investors) can choose to not invest, or to invest individually or in groups, in companies 'pitched' by entrepreneurs. From this foundation, we create a node-and-edge graph wherein each Shark is a node in a network and edges are created through the action of a joint investment that includes more than one Shark. We use graph theory to show quantitatively which Sharks have made the most individual and joint investments and then create a visual image that shows graphically the network created by all joint investments made by all Sharks. Finally, we make several investment insights that would not be obvious using traditional statistical processes. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 325-337 Issue: 1/2 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurs; investing; graph theory; Shark Tank; social network analysis; SNA; joint investment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:1/2:p:325-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Birte Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Birte Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Title: 'From guanxi to WeChat?': new social networking technologies and digital entrepreneurship in Beijing Abstract: This paper explores how digital entrepreneurs utilise social networking technologies to develop and maintain networks in an increasingly digital environment. Despite the growing relevance and use of social networking technologies in entrepreneurship, few studies investigate the impact and outcome of social networking technologies in entrepreneurial processes. This paper addresses this research gap and explores the silent revolution instigated by new technological developments on contemporary networking practices. This paper is based on a case study involving 20 Beijing based digital entrepreneurs and presents empirical data contributing to the intersection of entrepreneurship and networking in the digital age. The paper applies a theoretical framework combining entrepreneurship and network theory, and offers new theoretical directions suited to explore networking in the digital dimension. The paper offers advanced insights to contemporary entrepreneurship and networking in the digital era, a field in need of future attention and extensive research. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 430-454 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: digital entrepreneurship; social networking technology; networks; guanxi; strong ties; weak ties; latent ties; WeChat; China; Beijing. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104978 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:3:p:430-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel Tawiah Baidoo Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Tawiah Author-X-Name-Last: Baidoo Author-Name: Daniel Sakyi Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Sakyi Author-Name: Jacob Benson Aidoo Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Benson Author-X-Name-Last: Aidoo Title: Does gender matter in credit denial among small and medium scale enterprises in Ghana? Abstract: The role played by small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in employment creation, economic growth and poverty reduction of the developing world cannot be overemphasised. However, the ability of these enterprises to access credit in order to expand their businesses has for years remain a key challenge. Past studies on credit denial among SMEs have emphasised firms' characteristics with little emphasis on firm owners' characteristics such as gender. The present study revisits previous studies and provides evidence supporting our hypothesis that gender matters in credit denial among SMEs. The study relies mainly on primary data and applies the binary probit estimation technique to the dataset. The study reveals among others that owners of small and medium scale enterprises who are females are less likely to be denied credit. Given the findings, recommendations and relevant policy implications are provided. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 339-362 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: gender; entrepreneurship; small-and-medium-scale enterprises; credit denial; probit regression; Ghana. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:3:p:339-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Mmereki Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Mmereki Author-Name: Alice Hovorka Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Hovorka Author-Name: Thando Gwebu Author-X-Name-First: Thando Author-X-Name-Last: Gwebu Title: A gender analysis of micro-entrepreneurship in developing-transition countries: insights from Botswana Abstract: Policy-makers and members of the donor community have acknowledged the importance of micro-enterprises to livelihoods in developing countries. Their contribution to household income is significant to the extent that in some developing countries it exceeds that of the formal sector. However, the dearth of information regarding the ways in which male-owned and female-owned micro-enterprises grow and change over time is becoming a major academic and policy concern. Using Botswana as the case study country, this paper presents a qualitative analysis of microenterprises in developing countries, using data collected on issues of source of start-up capital, perceived growth, and the dynamics of household decision making in the informal sector. A number of challenges were identified including inadequacy of policy support on micro-enterprises, the gap between male and female-owned entrepreneurs in terms of perceived growth of their operational units and inadequacy of programs for start-up of micro-enterprises. Comparatively, female-owned micro-enterprises were faced with a myriad of more challenges than male-owned micro-enterprises. The outputs are particularly useful to support decision makers, and focus on enhancing empowerment and awareness on available support programs to female entrepreneurs for employment creation in specific locations. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 395-429 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: male-owned micro-enterprise; female-owned micro-enterprises; growth rate; performance; policy support; Botswana. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:3:p:395-429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mondher Kouki Author-X-Name-First: Mondher Author-X-Name-Last: Kouki Author-Name: Mariem Bouchareb Author-X-Name-First: Mariem Author-X-Name-Last: Bouchareb Author-Name: Abderrazek El Khaldi Author-X-Name-First: Abderrazek El Author-X-Name-Last: Khaldi Title: Internal corporate governance mechanisms and intellectual capital disclosure: evidence from Tunisia Abstract: This paper examines the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms on intellectual capital disclosure. Using data of 27 non-financial listed Tunisian firms, the current study provides evidence in support of the nonlinear relationship between corporate governance and Intellectual capital disclosure. The empirical results show that the structure and the way the board of directors' functions are systematically significant factors determining intangible capital disclosure. The empirical tests indicate that managers, majority shareholders as well as institutional shareholders have a significant effect on the informative transparency of intangible capital. These results seem to corroborate the view that an increase in corporate governance mechanisms has a positive effect on voluntary disclosure. Furthermore, tests of the nonlinear hypothesis show that an increase in the number of board members up to nine, and an increase in the number of majority shareholders up to 67% have a beneficial effect on intangible disclosure. However, as these variables increase beyond a turning point, the effect inverts and cuts off the improvement of voluntary disclosure of intangibles. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 363-382 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: corporate governance; intellectual capital; disclosure; board size; ownership structure; Tunisia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104995 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:3:p:363-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shazaib Butt Author-X-Name-First: Shazaib Author-X-Name-Last: Butt Author-Name: Stéphane Strtak Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Strtak Title: Impact of bank capital regulation and GDP growth on profitability in commercial small and medium banks: empirical study Abstract: We empirically examine the impact of Basel compliance and economic activity on the profitability of commercial small and medium banks of Pakistan during and post global financial crises of 2007–2008. Panel data setting is implemented using annual data from 25 commercial banks during the period 2007 to 2014. The data tested GDP growth rate and bank specific risk variables. We find strong evidence that market risk, non-performing loans, NPLs and GDP growth rate have significant impact on the profitability of small and medium commercial banks. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 383-394 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: capital adequacy ratio; CAR; Basel capital; commercial banks; NPLs; credit risk; market risk; operational risk. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104998 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:3:p:383-394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean-Marie Nkongolo-Bakenda Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Nkongolo-Bakenda Author-Name: Elie Virgile Chrysostome Author-X-Name-First: Elie Virgile Author-X-Name-Last: Chrysostome Title: Dual environments of home and host countries of diasporic transnational entrepreneurs: an empirical study in the Canadian context Abstract: This study determines the relative importance of business environment factors perceived by the Canadian diasporic transnational entrepreneurs (DTEs) as affecting the success of their foreign activities in the host and home countries. Findings indicate that in the home countries, government regulations and lack of human and financial resources were the most determinant impeding factors while welcoming attitude of local rulers was the most determinant facilitating factor. In the host country, tolerance, openness, recognition and validation of credentials from the home country, and government services for immigrants were found as the most significant factors that facilitate the start-up and development of diasporic transnational entrepreneurship. The lack of these factors impedes the start-up and development of diasporic transnational activities. Overall, depending on the indicator used for internationalisation, up to 30% of the variations in the international activities of DTEs are attributed to the dual business environments. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 455-500 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: diaspora; entrepreneurship; internationalisation; transnational; immigrant. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:4:p:455-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nidhi Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Nidhi Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Author-Name: Geetika Goel Author-X-Name-First: Geetika Author-X-Name-Last: Goel Title: Empirical analysis of women entrepreneurs and their success perception Abstract: Success is measured in several ways, especially the success of a business enterprise. Present paper has taken up perceptual measure of success. Nine success factors are identified on basis of past researches and women entrepreneurs' perception on these factors is measured with the help of primary survey conducted on all the registered women owned enterprises in the northern state of India. Entrepreneurs' background characteristics and enterprise characteristics are considered to assess whether they have an impact on the success perception of the entrepreneurs. The study shows that family size, education, firm's size and age have impact on success perception of women entrepreneurs. The major contribution of the paper is that the background of entrepreneur as well as enterprise are studied together to assess their impact on success perception. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 501-529 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: success perception; education; family size; firm size; firm's age. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:4:p:501-529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharon Yong Yee Ong Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Yong Yee Author-X-Name-Last: Ong Author-Name: Nurul Fadly Habidin Author-X-Name-First: Nurul Fadly Author-X-Name-Last: Habidin Author-Name: Mad Ithnin Salleh Author-X-Name-First: Mad Ithnin Author-X-Name-Last: Salleh Author-Name: Nursyazwani Mohd Fuzi Author-X-Name-First: Nursyazwani Mohd Author-X-Name-Last: Fuzi Title: The relationship between women's entrepreneurship practice, ICT adoption, and business performance in Malaysia and Indonesia Abstract: This paper highlights the specific variables of women entrepreneurship for women in Malaysia and Indonesia. An interdisciplinary literature review result in identification of previous studies suggesting positive relationship between women entrepreneurship practice, ICT adoption and business performance. A conceptual framework is then developed, the concept of six WEP dimension (entrepreneurial traits, entrepreneurial experience, management skill, customer relation, training and education and environment); two ICT adoption dimension (e-commerce and m-commerce); and two BP measures (financial performance and non-financial performance). The conceptual framework linked different constructs from empirical study in the literature to the explanatory variable relative to women entrepreneur in Malaysia and Indonesia. The implication of this study is expected to highlighting the importance of WEP and the role of ICT adoption for BP and clarifies which practices approaches are valuable. In future, a research model will be developed by testing the proposed conceptual framework using structural equation modelling (SEM). Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 530-547 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: gender; women entrepreneurship practices; business performance; ICT adoption; entrepreneurial traits; entrepreneurial experience; management skill; customer relation; training and education; environment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:4:p:530-547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Omar Masood Author-X-Name-First: Omar Author-X-Name-Last: Masood Author-Name: Kiran Javaria Author-X-Name-First: Kiran Author-X-Name-Last: Javaria Title: Impact of micro-credit financing on women's empowerment and poverty eradication: an empirical evidence from Pakistan Abstract: The present study investigates the micro-credit financing (MF) policies implication in developing nation Pakistan. The gaps in literature warrant research on the impact of MF on poverty eradication (PE) and women empowerment (WE) in Pakistan. The data was collected, from micro-credit financing participants and a control group of non-participants, through cluster sampling technique. The study produced an MF model comprising significant constructs MFP, PE and WE. The research reveals that participation in micro-credit finance program eradicates poverty in Pakistan. Participation in MFP also empowers women in Pakistan through poverty eradication. However, the study found that MFP's are not lending to the poorest of the poor. In addition, MFP produces greater social-acceptance, awareness and involvement of women in decision making; and greater control of women over money/assets in Pakistan. Study results are helpful for policy makers so that they can use effective policies in order to eradicate the poverty and unemployment from society. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 548-563 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: micro-credit finance; women empowerment; poverty eradication; micro-credit finance program; social-acceptance; involvement; decision making. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:4:p:548-563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberta Apa Author-X-Name-First: Roberta Author-X-Name-Last: Apa Author-Name: Ivan De Noni Author-X-Name-First: Ivan De Author-X-Name-Last: Noni Author-Name: Andrea Ganzaroli Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Ganzaroli Title: Factors driving the share and growth of Chinese entrepreneurship in Italy Abstract: Chinese entrepreneurship may represent an important growth lever for a manufacturing country like Italy. Chinese are both one of the fast growing ethnic communities in Europe and one of the most entrepreneurial. The development of ethnic enclave further contributes to support the increasing role of migrant entrepreneurship on local development. In the last decade, Chinese community is expanding at regional level and its entrepreneurial attitude is strongly increasing compared to natives in despite of economic crisis. However, since Chinese entrepreneurs are not homogeneously distributed, looking at spatial and industrial dependence is crucial to better understand the Chinese entrepreneurship growth strategies and to suggest policies supporting and exploiting local network externalities potentially influencing the regional development. In this perspective, this study focuses on the role of Chinese community size and its capacity to stimulate entrepreneurial specialisation rather than diversification across industries as well as the industrial specialisation of the local system in driving the share and growth rate of Chinese micro-entrepreneurship. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 564-584 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: ethnic entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial diversification; local specialisation; Chinese community; growth strategy; Italy. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:4:p:564-584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Randhir Roopchund Author-X-Name-First: Randhir Author-X-Name-Last: Roopchund Title: SMEs in Mauritius: economic growth, employment and entrepreneurial culture Abstract: The present research seeks to analyse the contribution of SMEs to the Mauritian economy. There are around 124,000 SMEs operating in different business sectors in our economy. The Ministry of Business, Enterprise and Cooperatives of Mauritius launched a ten year plan in 2016 for the Small and Medium Enterprises so as to boost up economic growth and development. The research relies on existing statistics and also makes reference to some of the government and private firms' surveys carried out recently for the SME sector. The main objectives of the research are to link SME growth to macro-economic variables such as economic growth, unemployment and at the same time develop a better understanding of the causes of SME failures in Mauritius. The research also provides a description of the Mauritian entrepreneurial culture based on survey carried out by Mauritius Commercial Bank. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 585-596 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2020 Keywords: SMEs; entrepreneurship; government; economic growth and macroeconomic variables. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:39:y:2020:i:4:p:585-596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Lazzarotti Author-X-Name-First: Valentina Author-X-Name-Last: Lazzarotti Author-Name: Rafaela Gjergji Author-X-Name-First: Rafaela Author-X-Name-Last: Gjergji Author-Name: Federico Visconti Author-X-Name-First: Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Visconti Title: Socio-emotional wealth and innovativeness in Italian family firms: what happens when the leader is a latest-generation member? Abstract: In this study, we attempt a further step in understanding the effect of different socio-emotional (SEW) dimensions on family firm innovativeness by focusing on a particular player, i.e., the young leader who belongs to the last generation of family managers and who is increasingly engaged in the firm management. After surveying young leaders' non-economic goals with respect to those of senior members in a sample of Italian family firms, such goals are analysed in relation to the level of firm innovativeness. Obtained through a hierarchical regression, results show that two SEW dimensions above all characterise young leaders when they foster innovation: a low emotional attachment on one hand, a high attention to nurture binding social ties on the other. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 54-82 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: family firms; socio-emotional wealth; SEW; young generations; intra-family succession; innovativeness. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:54-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María J. Martínez-Romero Author-X-Name-First: María J. Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Romero Author-Name: Rubén Martínez-Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Rubén Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Alonso Author-Name: M. Pilar Casado-Belmonte Author-X-Name-First: M. Pilar Author-X-Name-Last: Casado-Belmonte Title: The influence of socio-emotional wealth on firm financial performance: evidence from small and medium privately held family businesses Abstract: By integrating literature on firm performance, family firms and socio-emotional wealth (SEW), this paper empirically analyses how different SEW dimensions influence firm performance in privately held family businesses. The findings from a population of 173 family firms reveal that two SEW dimensions, i.e., identification of family members with the firm and renewal of family bonds through dynastic succession, exert a negative and significant impact on financial performance. Therefore, this study provides a better comprehension of the relationship between family involvement and financial performance and complements the partial view offered up until now, by introducing the SEW approach, its multidimensional nature and the effects of its various dimensions. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 7-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: socio-emotional wealth; SEW; financial performance; privately held family firms; family influence. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:7-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Jiménez-Jiménez Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez-Jiménez Author-Name: Raquel Sanz-Valle Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Sanz-Valle Author-Name: Jose Alberto Perez-Caballero Author-X-Name-First: Jose Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Perez-Caballero Title: Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation success in family firms Abstract: There is a general agreement that entrepreneurial orientation can significantly improve firms' performance, for both family and non-family firms. With regard to the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the family status of a firm, there is some controversy in the literature. Traditionally, family firms have been considered more conservative and risk-adverse than non-family firms and, therefore, with less entrepreneurial orientation. However, some recent studies show that family firms do also take risks. This paper analyses entrepreneurial orientation of family firms in comparison with non-family firms, and suggests that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance, in particular when it is measured as new products success, is higher for family firms than for non-family firms. Using a sample of 268 firms (family and non-family), this paper tests its hypotheses. Findings show that there are not differences between family firms and non-family firms regarding entrepreneurial orientation. More important, they provide support to our proposition that the family status positively moderates the link between entrepreneurial orientation and new products success. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 114-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation; new products success; family firms. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:114-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filippo Ferrari Author-X-Name-First: Filippo Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari Title: Exploring the side effects of socio-emotional wealth. A multilevel analysis approach to the dysfunctional dynamics in family business succession Abstract: Current literature highlights that family firms have non-economic goals, pursuing socio-emotional wealth (SEW), such as the desire to preserve business continuity and involving the next generation in family business. However, in pursuing non-economic advantages family firms also sustain non-economic costs, on individual, family group, and organisational levels. By adopting a qualitative protocol, this study investigated a sample of eight family firms, unveiling the roots of dysfunctional patterns resulting from business transmission specifically. Furthermore, findings highlight the strength of a multilevel approach in providing empirical evidence to support the idea that striving for non-economic goals could be a myopic behaviour, resulting in undesired long-term effects for generations involved in a business transmission process. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 128-146 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: family firms; business succession; socio-emotional wealth; SEW; multilevel analysis; dysfunctional patterns. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:128-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philipp Julian Ruf Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Ruf Author-Name: Petra M. Moog Author-X-Name-First: Petra M. Author-X-Name-Last: Moog Author-Name: Imanol Belausteguigoitia Rius Author-X-Name-First: Imanol Belausteguigoitia Author-X-Name-Last: Rius Title: Values as antecedents of socio-emotional wealth behaviour in family firms Abstract: Research has shown that family firms differ from their non-family counterparts in terms of strategic behaviour. Socio-emotional wealth (SEW) is a homegrown theory in this context explaining differences in decision-making by acknowledging the unique connection between a family and their business. This paper contributes to the ongoing research related to the theory of socio-emotional wealth by investigating individual, family and family business values as antecedents and underlying motivators for SEW behaviour, influencing strategic decision-making in family firms, directly and as a mediator via SEW. A qualitative study was performed to analyse this connection and the effects on strategic decisions made in family firms. The outcomes show that individual and collective family values are the main drivers of SEW behaviour, changing over time and leading to a different focus on the dimensions of SEW, which is then represented in the strategic decisions made in the family business. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 83-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: family firm; socio-emotional wealth; SEW; values; strategy; decision-making. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:83-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Bövers Author-X-Name-First: Jana Author-X-Name-Last: Bövers Author-Name: Christina Hoon Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Hoon Title: Unpacking socio-emotional wealth: exploring the origins of affective endowment in founder firms Abstract: This article aims to further clarify the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) construct. By conducting a qualitative study, we examine the roots of emotional endowment and personal SEW. The results of the case study involving 13 founding firms indicate that SEW develops in the early stages of a business' life cycle. The study revealed two types of personal SEW priorities, namely achievement-related priorities and ties-related priorities. We propose that these different types of SEW priorities constitute a good predictor for explaining the transition of a founder firm into a family firm. This article contributes both to the research on SEW and on intergenerational intention by combining them in a unique way. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 32-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: socio-emotional wealth; SEW; intergenerational intention; founder firms; family business development. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:32-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walter Van Andel Author-X-Name-First: Walter Van Author-X-Name-Last: Andel Title: Balancing the creative business model Abstract: Entrepreneurship within the creative industries is said to adhere to specific circumstances, rules and norms. This article takes on an exploration into the specific context of these industries as it investigates how the environment surrounding a creative organisation can create opposing demands on the organisation, leading to issues in long-term sustainability. The specific environment is operationalised by the creative biotope, which is composed of four spheres that influence a sustainable artistic practice, with each domain containing its own norms for legitimacy. Correspondingly, each domain exudes its own influences and pressures on the creative organisation on how to behave. This article postulates that the business model, defined as the active operationalisation of an organisation's strategy, can be used as a balancing mechanism to mitigate these tensions. This leads to eight theoretically derived propositions on the relationship between the business model and tensions resulting from the creative environment. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 230-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: creative industries; creative entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship; business models; institutional theory; creative biotope; organisational tensions; institutional pluralism; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:230-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.J.R. Montoya Author-X-Name-First: M.J.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Montoya Author-Name: Claire Stasiewicz Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Stasiewicz Title: Leveraging historical shifts in the world economy: systems of patronage and supportive ecosystems for creative and cultural enterprise Abstract: The following paper examines the history of patronage as it relates to creative and cultural entrepreneurship (CCE). How have patrons transformed into the creative ecosystem that currently supports creative and cultural work? How has the supportive ecosystem changed in relation to patrons of CCE? Applying three critical frameworks (art history, globalisation theory, and decolonial theory), this analysis describes and critiques patronage systems from the Renaissance to the contemporary era of CCE. We point out that while the systems of patronage have changed, the cultural logic of the patron has not. Strategic implications are discussed, including how to leverage new supportive ecosystems of CCE to address power dynamics in relation to patronage. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 247-269 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: creative and cultural economy; patronage; globalisation; art and entrepreneurship; critical management studies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:247-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tobias Bürger Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Bürger Author-Name: Christine Volkmann Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Volkmann Title: Mapping and thematic analysis of cultural entrepreneurship research Abstract: Two decades of cultural entrepreneurship research have passed, but until now relatively little is known about the development of this new field of scientific inquiry. To evaluate the progress, we conduct a large-scale scientometric-based systematic literature review on 350 publications. Results of our mapping analyses show that the research community devoted to cultural entrepreneurship research is rather individualistic and fragmented, characterised by an intense import of theory and a persistent lack of internal orientation. The thematic analysis reveals the emergence of seven dominant themes that can be grouped into three distinct clusters of cultural entrepreneurship research. However, despite recent advances in the academic institutionalisation and the dissemination of themes, the field is still in its infancy. In conclusion, the present study provides tailored recommendations on how to overcome the liabilities the field displays. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 192-229 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: cultural entrepreneurship; creative entrepreneurship; art entrepreneurship; systematic literature review; scientometric evaluation; bibliometrics; citation analysis; thematic analysis; contextualisation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:192-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luciana Lazzeretti Author-X-Name-First: Luciana Author-X-Name-Last: Lazzeretti Author-Name: Francesco Capone Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Capone Title: The role of education in the entrepreneurial ecosystem: the case of 'Made in Italy Tuscany Academy' in the Florence fashion city Abstract: Not withstanding the wide research on entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE), the role of education in EE is often overlooked, either in general or in the creative industries domain. Most works, in fact, focus on the education of the professionals who deal with intangibles (such as designers, etc.), while the role of other creative artisans and production experts (modellers, etc.) has not received the appropriate attention. We contribute to the existing debate analysing the ecosystem of a manufacturing fashion city, answering to two main research questions: 1) to what extent does the education of creative artisans matter in a manufacturing fashion city?; 2) how can it contribute nurturing the local EE? We analyse the case study of the Made in Italy Tuscany Academy, a technical higher education school situated in Scandicci (Florence). We study its ego-network in the local EE with the social network analysis through a questionnaire administered to 115 students. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 270-290 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: education; creative artisans; fashion city; Florence; Made in Italy Tuscany Academy; MITA. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:270-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marilena Vecco Author-X-Name-First: Marilena Author-X-Name-Last: Vecco Title: Artpreneurs' lessons to traditional business Abstract: This paper aims to illuminate a new paradigm within cultural entrepreneurship that differs considerably from the accepted model. In recent years, an interesting trend has been observed - that of an increased appreciation of the arts within the field of business research and practice. The business world now turns to - and learns from the arts. The figure of the so-called 'artpreneur' will be analysed, focusing on their behaviour, skills and art-making processes, in order to identify which lessons have value for traditional entrepreneurship. What can business people and entrepreneurs learn from artists? Can we talk about a cross-fertilisation between arts and entrepreneurship? Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 154-170 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: cultural entrepreneurship; artist; entrepreneurship artpreneur; creativity; behaviour; human core skills; emotional intelligence; aesthetic intelligence; design thinking. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:154-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christine Sinapi Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Sinapi Title: Cultural and creative entrepreneurship: towards a paradigmatic proposal? Abstract: Cultural and creative entrepreneurship (CCE) research has significantly developed but is still in search of a homogenous theoretical framework. We question here the structuration of CCE research and the emergence of paradigmatic views. Drawing on the analysis of CCE literature development and on the concepts of paradigm and field of research applied to entrepreneurship (Dana et al., 2008; Verstraete and Fayolle, 2005), we argue that CCE is developing as a field of research per se. We observe a broadening of ontological postures, both anchored in entrepreneurship research (re-phenomenology, theoretical grounds, and topics) and contextualised. We also observe a double topical shift: centring on CCE per se (implications for the traditional economy becoming secondary), and on the sustainability tension. This calls in our view for a renewed research agenda that should address cultural value creation, sustainability, the creation/sustainability tension, and the fundamental individual-collective-societal triptych. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 171-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: cultural and creative entrepreneurship; CCE; paradigm; research field; cultural value; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107755 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:171-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phan Tan Luc Author-X-Name-First: Phan Tan Author-X-Name-Last: Luc Title: The influence of personality traits on social entrepreneurial intention among owners of civil society organisations in Vietnam Abstract: The purpose of this paper investigated the relationship between personality traits on social entrepreneurial intention through determinants of planned behavioural theory. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study surveyed 503 owners of civil society organisations in South East of Vietnam. The confirm factor analysis and technique of structural equation modelling were used to explore relationships among latent constructs. The results show that commercial entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs have similarities in character and the personality traits of social entrepreneurs only affect the social entrepreneurial intention through subjective norms. The findings indicate that the entrepreneurship programs should aim to build a sense of social responsibility and the ability to think creatively towards sustainable development. The media should play a key role in raising citizen's awareness of social entrepreneurship. This is the first social entrepreneurial intention research which targeted the owners of civil society organisations. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 291-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: social entrepreneurship; theory of planned behaviour; personality trait; social entrepreneurial intention; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:291-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aissa Mosbah Author-X-Name-First: Aissa Author-X-Name-Last: Mosbah Author-Name: Kalsom Abd Wahab Author-X-Name-First: Kalsom Abd Author-X-Name-Last: Wahab Author-Name: Jaithen Abdullah Alharbi Author-X-Name-First: Jaithen Abdullah Author-X-Name-Last: Alharbi Author-Name: Hassan Ghasadi Almahdi Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Ghasadi Author-X-Name-Last: Almahdi Title: The influence of length of stay on immigrant entrepreneurship Abstract: Length of stay, a concept not properly addressed in migration studies, refers to the usual period spent by an immigrant in the host country up to the moment he/she is surveyed for research purpose. This paper adopted a mix approach that blends review, synthetisation and discussion of existing research to apprehend the use of this concept in the literature and draw useful insights on the extent to which it influences business establishment and performance. Our discussion concluded with the following notes: first, immigrant entrepreneurship researchers have so far favoured length of stay over firm age in predicting the entrepreneurial outcomes. Second, length of stay was used in two different ways: backward and forward. Third, immigrants with short lengths of stay or short settlement intentions tend to have lower propensities for self-employment compared to their peers who have longer settlement intentions, and they are most likely to locate their businesses within their ethnic communities. In contrary, immigrants with long length of stay or long settlement intention are in better positions to understand the mainstream market, more likely to behave like natives, have higher propensities to start a business, and prefer to locate their businesses outside the co-ethnic community. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 309-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: immigrant; host country; length of stay; performance; self-employment. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:309-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikhail Vladimirovich Sinyutin Author-X-Name-First: Mikhail Vladimirovich Author-X-Name-Last: Sinyutin Author-Name: Yuri Vitalievich Veselov Author-X-Name-First: Yuri Vitalievich Author-X-Name-Last: Veselov Author-Name: Ruben Vartanovich Karapetyan Author-X-Name-First: Ruben Vartanovich Author-X-Name-Last: Karapetyan Title: Manual labour in the post-industrial world: a study on shoe craft in St. Petersburg, Russia Abstract: The article provides the results of sociological study of manual labour in St. Petersburg, Russia. It is focused on a shoemaking, a very conventional craft in the contemporary urban environment. We start with theoretical background and definitions of craft from the standpoints of economics and sociology; then, in order to reveal the impact of industrialisation on manual labour, we trace the history and explain the evolution of shoemaking in Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries; next, we describe in economic terms how this small business of shoemaking is organised nowadays and how it competes with the mid-size business in St. Petersburg; in the discussions, we present the explanatory models of craft's reproduction in contemporary urban environment. The main idea of this article is to reveal the supporting social structures like labour migration or ethnic communities for sustainable reproduction of craft and manual labour in the post-industrial world. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 322-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: manual labour; craft; shoemakers; cobblers; sociological research; post-industrial world; Russia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:322-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Ulijn Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Ulijn Author-Name: Aleks Veldhoen Author-X-Name-First: Aleks Author-X-Name-Last: Veldhoen Author-Name: Jacqueline Bekkers-Vermeulen Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Bekkers-Vermeulen Author-Name: Sabine Hendrikse Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Hendrikse Author-Name: Jos Pieterse Author-X-Name-First: Jos Author-X-Name-Last: Pieterse Author-Name: Nigel Saych Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Saych Title: Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), innovator and entrepreneur: an experiential report of Van Gogh guides in Nuenen Abstract: Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was an innovator and an entrepreneur. This paper analyses letters of the 19th century and reports observations of Van Gogh experts as well as Vincentre guides. Furthermore 25 students specialising in innovation and entrepreneurship were asked to give their opinion about Van Gogh and his entrepreneurial skills. Using a questionnaire we asked expert and non-expert respondents to rank order five aspects of innovativeness and ten characteristics of entrepreneurship. The findings show that the innovative and entrepreneurial potential of Van Gogh highly reflect his imagination, creativity and analysing capabilities. Based on his quantitative work he was a hard worker. Taking his financial successes into account we can only say with hindsight that he was artistically far ahead and not recognized by his audience. Future research might investigate mood analysis in his letters and further explore the characteristics of innovation and entrepreneurship we used in this study. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 337-372 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: history of art; entrepreneurship; intrapreneurship; innovation; Vincent van Gogh; cultural studies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107802 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:337-372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Nikolova-Alexieva Author-X-Name-First: Valentina Author-X-Name-Last: Nikolova-Alexieva Author-Name: Mina Nikolaeva Angelova Author-X-Name-First: Mina Nikolaeva Author-X-Name-Last: Angelova Title: Opportunities for raising the entrepreneurial culture - a factor for competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy Abstract: This paper aims to study the role of entrepreneurial culture as an essential factor to increase the creativity and innovativeness of Bulgarian entrepreneurs and hence, the competitiveness of the national economy. The research is of survey-descriptive type. The population surveyed includes entrepreneurs, students and young people aged between 25 and 45 years from Plovdiv and the region, i.e., 1,200 people. The socio-historical cataclysms resulting from the particular attractiveness of the geostrategic position of the country create a very controversial and variable environment in which the Bulgarian entrepreneurial culture is formed and developed. Analysis of collected data using SPSS software along with sign test, pathway and exploratory factor analysis indicated that among different dimensions of Bulgarian entrepreneurial culture, the dimension of independence, higher incomes, risk-taking, creativity is in a proper condition, while other dimensions of entrepreneurial culture including boldness, tolerance of creative deviation, underdog aggressiveness, open communication, cooperation, proactive innovation and voice are in an unsuitable condition. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 373-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial culture; Bulgarian entrepreneurs; competitiveness. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107803 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:373-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Cabral Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Cabral Author-Name: Willem Van Winden Author-X-Name-First: Willem Van Author-X-Name-Last: Winden Title: The promise of coworking environments: a content analysis of the positioning of collaborative workspaces in Amsterdam Abstract: The emergence of collaborative workspaces is a remarkable feature of contemporary cities. These spaces have appeared rapidly, catering for the locational needs of self-employed workers, start-ups and small-size companies. The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of four categories of collaborative workspaces (accelerators, incubators, coworking spaces and FabLabs). For the case of Amsterdam, we conducted a website content analysis to assess how these spaces position and present themselves towards potential users. The empirical evidence shows that these spaces promise a variety of benefits, ranging from business development to access to social networks. This diversity illustrates the emergence of distinct work settings in an economic environment characterised by the need to work in a social environment that at the same time stimulates networking and collaboration. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 399-423 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: collaborative workspaces; positioning; collaboration; business benefits; accelerators; incubators; coworking spaces; FabLabs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:399-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Broccardo Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Broccardo Author-Name: Matteo Rossi Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Rossi Title: The management control system of Italian SMEs: a survey in the wine sector Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the management control systems (MCSs) adopted in Italian family-managed small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the wine sector. This study has a particular focus on the design, implementation and use of a strategy map as a tool to facilitate strategy implementation by measuring a wide range of strategic variables on a long time horizon and integrating economic and financial indicators with non-financial indicators through cause-and-effect links. This research was conducted through the qualitative method of case studies where theory and empirical research are intertwined. The study shows how the four companies identified the critical success factors to reach success in their businesses. This paper has some theoretical and practical implications, as it contributes to integrating the existing literature on management control systems in family-managed small and medium firms, but the sample has to be enlarged. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 425-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: wine business; small and medium enterprises; SMEs; family; strategy; financial perspective; internal business process perspective; learning and growth perspective. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:425-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolás Salvador Beltramino Author-X-Name-First: Nicolás Salvador Author-X-Name-Last: Beltramino Author-Name: Domingo García Pérez De Lema Author-X-Name-First: Domingo García Pérez De Author-X-Name-Last: Lema Author-Name: Luis Enrique Valdez Juárez Author-X-Name-First: Luis Enrique Valdez Author-X-Name-Last: Juárez Title: Impact of the human capital on the performance of micro-enterprise: an empirical study in Argentina Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of business performance micro-enterprises. In order to do that, an empirical study is carried out in the Argentine context, based on the information obtained from 468 micro firms. The micro-enterprises are those that have less ten employees. The results show that human capital measurement by education level, previous experiences, management skills and motivation to set up the company have positive impacts on the performance of micro-enterprises. These results have important economic and social implications that allow governments favour the ecosystem of the micro-enterprises. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 439-464 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: human capital; micro-enterprises; motivations; performance; entrepreneurship; education level; previous experience; leadership skills; competitive advantages; subsistence; competitiveness; growth. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109009 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:439-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hedi Yezza Author-X-Name-First: Hedi Author-X-Name-Last: Yezza Author-Name: Didier Chabaud Author-X-Name-First: Didier Author-X-Name-Last: Chabaud Title: Impact of successors' social skills in family firms Abstract: Succession is connected to family firms' low rate of long-term survival. This research tests the effects of a successor's social skills on the success of succession in family firms. It extends the studies of Baron and Markman (2000, 2003), who emphasise the role of social skills in the early stages of the venturing process. To bridge this conceptual and empirical gap, a quantitative study was conducted on 77 companies that had experienced at least one succession in their recent history. The results indicate that the dimensions of social skills influence the success of succession in different ways. The successor's self-promotion has a negative effect, whereas his or her social adaptability, social perception, ingratiation, expressiveness, education level, and experience within the family firm have a positive impact. Lastly, this research provides a better understanding of emerging economies in Africa. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 465-487 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: family business; succession; social skills; successors. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109011 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:465-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neena Sinha Author-X-Name-First: Neena Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha Author-Name: Neelam Dhall Author-X-Name-First: Neelam Author-X-Name-Last: Dhall Title: TQM in Indian auto component SMEs: role of contextual or institutional factors Abstract: Over the past few years, the small business sector has gained lot of prominence in the entrepreneurship literature as it has emerged as a leading force creating an impact on the growth of national economies. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indian auto component sector are facing stiff competition from large companies as they could provide products of greater value with lower cost as compared to SMEs. To meet these challenges, SMEs must implement TQM, which is recognised as a resource for promoting organisational innovation. This study aims to investigate the effect of contextual factors namely 'size', 'age' and 'geographical location' of company on TQM implementation in Indian auto component SMEs. The study provides empirical evidence that a context-dependent argument for TQM implementation does not hold good. Research findings suggest that the extent of TQM implementation in these SMEs is governed by institutional factors as suggested by institutional theory. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 488-515 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: contextual factors; Indian auto component SMEs; institutional role. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:488-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roland Condor Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Condor Title: Entrepreneurship in agriculture: a literature review Abstract: Whereas scholars in entrepreneurship have focused their studies on various entrepreneurial situations, little is known about entrepreneurship in agriculture. Using the Scopus database, we analyse 229 papers related to this topic to understand what entrepreneurship means in agriculture, why this topic is growing, and who publishes and where. This paper provides quantitative results that can be useful for scholars, consultants and decision makers. It also provides a qualitative analysis of the topic, showing a structure for the idea of change: agri-entrepreneurship appears as a new paradigm based on the implementation of deliberate strategies to respond to liberalisation and sustainability. These results are discussed while taking into account the criticism of liberalisation and sustainable concerns. We show that the debates on liberalisation do not question the legitimacy of the agri-entrepreneurship topic but rather question the way farmers undertake it and how entrepreneurship can reinforce the resilience of farms. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 516-562 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Keywords: agriculture; entrepreneurship; farm; literature review; liberalisation; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:516-562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shivakami Rajan Author-X-Name-First: Shivakami Author-X-Name-Last: Rajan Author-Name: Sunita Panicker Author-X-Name-First: Sunita Author-X-Name-Last: Panicker Title: The concept of entrepreneurial ability-evidence from women in MSMEs of Karnataka state Abstract: The Indian women entrepreneurs have come a long way today from the traditional deep-rooted view of the Indian society and are predominantly found in the MSME sectors of India. To understand their growth and advancements, a proper understanding of their entrepreneurial ability with respect to their performance is of paramount importance. The objective of this study is to explore the factors of women entrepreneurial ability which impacts the successful performance of the women entrepreneurs in MSMEs of Karnataka state in India. A theoretical framework model of entrepreneurial ability developed for the study is tested with a primary data collected through a survey-questionnaire method from a sample size of 427 women entrepreneurs using a random sampling method, factor analysis and Pearson correlations. Overall the results of this study support the contention: the perceived business performances of women entrepreneurs have a significant influence on their entrepreneurial ability. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 1-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: alertness; entrepreneurial ability; EA; personality; motivation; micro; small and medium enterprises; MSMEs; self-efficacy; successful business performance; women empowerment; women entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:1-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bach Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Bach Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Title: Local institutions on small firm investments: degrees of institutional persistence matter Abstract: This study investigates the influence of local institutions including corruption, administration transparency, and leadership proactivity on small firm investment. Drawing from the institutional theory, we suggest that the persistence (resistance to changes) of institutional forces is an important determinant of their effects on investment. Using a dataset of 945,725 firm observations in Vietnam from 2006 to 2015, we find that: 1) investment is a U-shaped function of corruption controls; 2) transparency has a positive effect on investment; 3) leadership proactivity can moderate the adverse effects of corruption and opaqueness in public services. This variety in the association patterns between investment and institutional forces is due to the degree of institutional persistence in local norms of doing business. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 33-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: institutions; corruption; investment; governance; small business; Vietnam. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109430 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:33-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Braune Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Braune Author-Name: Jean-Michel Sahut Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Sahut Author-Name: Lubica Hikkerova Author-X-Name-First: Lubica Author-X-Name-Last: Hikkerova Title: External financing perceptions by Sub-Saharan entrepreneurs: a qualitative approach Abstract: Based on the interviews of 18 Cameroonian entrepreneurs, we study how the entrepreneur's locus of control and motivations influence their perception of bank loans. Also, we evaluate the mediating roles of the managerial team and the entrepreneur's social network in this relation. Our results are manifold. First, we show that venture creation was not the initial professional choice of most of the entrepreneurs in our sample. Then, we distinguish three classes of entrepreneurs according to their professionalisation process. Finally, we shed light on the relationships between entrepreneurs' motivational trajectories and their acceptance to meet bank requirements. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 58-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneur; social network; financing; motivation; growth; bank. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:58-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Jasniak Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Jasniak Author-Name: Ronny Baierl Author-X-Name-First: Ronny Author-X-Name-Last: Baierl Author-Name: Jantje Halberstadt Author-X-Name-First: Jantje Author-X-Name-Last: Halberstadt Title: Opening the black box: how social interaction contributes to entrepreneurial intentions among deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals Abstract: Entrepreneurial intentions are widely recognised as a strong predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour. With regard to the minority of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, the recent literature has elaborated on the beneficial influence of social ties on entrepreneurial behaviour. The process of gathering and sharing information includes a variety of facets, including social ties. Derived from the theory of social capital and social identity theory, we expand the concept of social ties to a holistic view of social interaction. Accordingly, we define social interaction as a synergy of general social support, particularly from relatives, and general boundary-spanning. Respective insights are held within a black box - being scarcely highlighted. After applying a two-step methodology based on linear regression models, our results demonstrated that the concept of social interaction has a significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions. Having opened the black box, social interaction among deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals revealed a strong influence on entrepreneurial intentions, whereas social interaction with hearing individuals lacked significance levels. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 74-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: social interaction; entrepreneurial intentions; social support; boundary-spanning; deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals; minority entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:74-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Séverine Le Loarne-Lemaire Author-X-Name-First: Séverine Le Author-X-Name-Last: Loarne-Lemaire Author-Name: Judith Partouche-Sebban Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Partouche-Sebban Author-Name: Myriam Razgallah Author-X-Name-First: Myriam Author-X-Name-Last: Razgallah Author-Name: Adnane Maalaoui Author-X-Name-First: Adnane Author-X-Name-Last: Maalaoui Title: Antecedents of well-being for artisan entrepreneurship: a first exploratory study Abstract: Studies examining the well-being of artisan entrepreneurs have not been widely developed. Some scholars have studied the entrepreneurial phenomena in the field of handicraft in general, focusing on the motivations, goals and perceptions of success of artisan entrepreneurs. However, studies regarding artisan entrepreneurs and, specifically, their quality of life and well-being have not been sufficiently discussed in this entrepreneurship literature. For that reason, this paper explores the well-being of artisan entrepreneurs and seeks to identify the antecedents of this well-being. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study through which we highlighted some important characteristics of artisan entrepreneurs' well-being, such as passion, personality, creativity, culture and heritage. On the basis of these findings, we propose and discuss a first model of the antecedents of well-being for artisan entrepreneurs. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 96-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: well-being; artisan; entrepreneurship; Gioia method; passion; heritage; sense of work. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:96-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pham Xuan Lan Author-X-Name-First: Pham Xuan Author-X-Name-Last: Lan Author-Name: Phan Tan Luc Author-X-Name-First: Phan Tan Author-X-Name-Last: Luc Title: A conceptual model of social entrepreneurial intention based on three dimensions of social capital Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to formulate the new model of social entrepreneurial intention based on social capital dimensions. Authors present a literature review about the relationship between social capital and social entrepreneurial intention to identify gaps. There is no research which uses three dimensions of social capital (structural dimension, relational dimension and cognitive dimension) to measure social entrepreneurial intention, although these three dimensions were introduced in 2000. By developing three dimensions of social capital into three new structures, including perceived social interactions and ties, perceived social trust and perceived shared norms, this study introduces new relationships between these structures and social entrepreneurial intention. The findings also suggest implications for government in increasing the number of social entrepreneurs as well as new research directions on social entrepreneurial intention for researchers. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 115-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: social entrepreneurial intention; TPB; social capital dimensions; social interactions and ties; social trust; shared norms. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:115-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shailaja S. Thakur Author-X-Name-First: Shailaja S. Author-X-Name-Last: Thakur Author-Name: Amit S. Ray Author-X-Name-First: Amit S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Title: Dynamism and performance of indigenous entrepreneurs: role of tribal culture and failure of policy incentives in Mizoram (India) Abstract: This paper aims at exploring the drivers of entrepreneurial dynamism and performance in indigenous societies. In Mizoram (India) with a predominantly tribal population, the government has actively intervened to encourage entrepreneurship through policy incentives/subsidies. Yet, the region continues to lag behind in entrepreneurship development. In an attempt to explain this apparent failure of conventional policies to promote entrepreneurship in Mizoram (India), this paper explores the factors that could potentially determine entrepreneurial dynamism and performance in an indigenous society through the lens of their tribal culture and institutions. Our results show that tribal values are the prime drivers of entrepreneurial dynamism, while conventional traits and attitudes have no impact, disproving two dominant narratives. We also find that conventional subsidies have a negative impact on profitability, perhaps due a dampening effect of subsidies on dynamism. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 129-160 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: indigenous entrepreneurship; Mizoram; India; tribal values; policy incentives; entrepreneurial dynamism; culture and entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:1:p:129-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anjni Anand Author-X-Name-First: Anjni Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Veena Vohra Author-X-Name-First: Veena Author-X-Name-Last: Vohra Title: The impact of organisation work environment on job satisfaction, affective commitment, work-family conflict and intention to leave: a study of SMEs in India Abstract: Faced by global competition and working in a challenging and competitive business environment, small and medium enterprises are also making attempts at making themselves adept at meeting these challenges. The study takes a look into the work environment in some of the SMEs operating in India and the impact of the work environment on the job-related attitudes of the employees. A sample of 345 employees working in 14 SMEs was drawn for the purpose of the study based on convenience sampling technique. The various work domain factors which directly affect the psychological perceptions of the employees about their work-place are tested in the study and the results confirm the strong and significant role played by work-place social support and role overload in affecting work behaviours like job satisfaction, affective commitment, turnover intentions and also in affecting work-family conflict faced by the employees of SMEs. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 173-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: co-worker support; supervisor support; organisational support; role overload; job satisfaction; affective commitment; turnover intentions; work-family conflict. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109931 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:173-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario A. González-Corzo Author-X-Name-First: Mario A. Author-X-Name-Last: González-Corzo Title: Entrepreneurship in post-Soviet Cuba: self-employed workers and non-agricultural cooperatives Abstract: The expansion of entrepreneurial activities is one of the pillars of Cuba's strategy to adopt a less paternalistic, economic model in which the non-state sector is expected to play a larger role. Primarily driven by economic reforms and a desire for greater autonomy from the state, Cuba's self-employed workers and non-agricultural cooperatives have increased significantly since 2010. This has unleashed an unprecedented level of entrepreneurial activities in one of the last bastions of communism in the Western Hemisphere. However, Cuba's self-employed workers and non-agricultural cooperatives face a wide range of institutional and economic barriers that limit their economic contributions and potential for growth. Eliminating these barriers, and drastic changes in state policies towards the emerging non-state sector, are essential requirements for the development and expansion of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and for improving the living standards of the Cuban people. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 197-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: Cuba; Cuban economy; economic reforms; entrepreneurship; non-agricultural cooperatives; self-employment; transition economies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:197-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riad Abadli Author-X-Name-First: Riad Author-X-Name-Last: Abadli Author-Name: Chokri Kooli Author-X-Name-First: Chokri Author-X-Name-Last: Kooli Author-Name: Abdelhafid Otmani Author-X-Name-First: Abdelhafid Author-X-Name-Last: Otmani Title: Entrepreneurial culture and promotion of exporting in Algerian SMEs: perception, reality and challenges Abstract: In the last three decades of the 20th century, the economic policies of the developed countries were built on small and medium enterprises. The governments of these countries encouraged the creation of an entrepreneurial culture by providing all the necessary facilities and subsidies. In this logic, the Algerian Government has launched some initiatives encouraging SMEs, with the aim of gradually getting out from the windfall economy and diversifying exports. We built our study on surveys with Algerian exporting enterprises or potentially exporting. The analysis of data collected showed that the effort deployed by the Algerian Government has led to an important increase of SMEs creation. Results showed that the majority of these new companies are non-exporting. However, the reaching of the objective of a diversified economy is far from being achieved. The contribution of these SMEs in exports remains too far from the objectives targeted by the Algerian Government. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 227-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial culture; promotion of export; Algerian SMEs; contribution of these SMEs in exports. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:227-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamizah Abd Hamid Author-X-Name-First: Hamizah Abd Author-X-Name-Last: Hamid Author-Name: Zizah Che Senik Author-X-Name-First: Zizah Che Author-X-Name-Last: Senik Title: Ethnic migrant entrepreneurs, resources and opportunities: an integrated framework Abstract: This paper aims to propose an integrated framework of the major models within the discourse of ethnic migrant entrepreneurship. This study employs the competing explanatory models in understanding ethnic migrant entrepreneurship as a phenomenon, through a qualitative perspective in a non-western contextual setting. The findings suggest that the coalescence of the host country environment and ethnic migrant entrepreneurs' home country cultural resources is a fundamental factor in influencing migrant entrepreneurial activities in the host country. This paper contributes to the ethnic and migrant entrepreneurship discussion by providing an integrated framework of the explanatory models in the field, which can be utilised in complimentary with conventional theories and models in business and management studies. The integrated framework, which is the outcome of this study, outlines the general landscape of ethnic migrant entrepreneurship, thus provides important practical implications for entrepreneurs operating in international settings and policy makers dealing with trade and migration. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 241-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: ethnic migrant entrepreneurs; EMEs; resources; opportunities. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109934 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:241-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Seaman Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Seaman Title: Scottish family businesses: innovative strategies for education and business support Abstract: Family business is critical importance to economies, communities and societies across Scotland, but academic research that considers and supports this group of businesses through links to the policy agenda is in the relatively early stages of development. In 2017, it was estimated that the top 100 family businesses in Scotland contributed 11% of on-shore GDP to the Scottish economy and supported around 100,000 jobs. The development of a 'top 100' list for Scottish family businesses is a key because it allows us to consider their economic importance alongside the wide range of international family business research that considers their differentiating factors. Building this bridge between academic research and policy is a current priority. This paper outlines some of the practical developments from this work, whilst contributing to the debate about the translation of academic research into the wider field of policy and business support. In opening the debate, the academic team at Queen Margaret Business School are also highlighting their willingness to engage with colleagues whose professional experience is similar or complementary and to share approaches that have worked across difference countries, cultures and geo-political divides. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 161-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: family business; small business impact; Scotland; business education; migrant communities. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109935 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:161-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suneeporn Suwanmaneepong Author-X-Name-First: Suneeporn Author-X-Name-Last: Suwanmaneepong Author-Name: Sasima Fakkhong Author-X-Name-First: Sasima Author-X-Name-Last: Fakkhong Title: Factors influencing the adoption of urban commercial vegetable production in the Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand Abstract: The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to describe the socio-economic factors of urban dwellers who practise vegetable production; 2) to determine the factors influencing urban dwellers' adoption of urban commercial vegetable production (UCVP) in the Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand. Questionnaires were administered to 134 respondents, who were randomly selected. A binary logistic regression model was employed to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that network membership and the practice of urban vegetable production has the potential to reduce the cost of buying vegetables and increase household income. The motivation that the consumption of urban vegetable products enhances people's health was found positively significant to the adoption of the UCVP practice. Moreover, the following factors were found to be negatively significant to UCVP practice adoption: access to information on urban vegetable production can also facilitate access to fresh vegetables and practising vegetable production as a recreational activity. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 264-278 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: urban vegetable production; UVP; urban agriculture; vegetable production adoption; home garden; commercial garden; Thailand. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109937 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:264-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehsan Masoomi Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan Author-X-Name-Last: Masoomi Author-Name: Naser Zamani Author-X-Name-First: Naser Author-X-Name-Last: Zamani Title: Determinants of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition by agricultural entrepreneurs Abstract: Agriculture sector has more uncertainties than non-agriculture sector. On the other hand, due to diversity in products and services, this sector offers many entrepreneurial opportunities. The purpose of the current study was to investigate determinants of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition by agricultural entrepreneurs. This study was conducted using survey method, and the sample was made up of 140 Iranian agricultural entrepreneurs. The participants were assigned with proportionate stratified random sampling. Data was gathered using a questionnaire, and was analysed using SPSS<SUB align="right"><SMALL>22</SMALL></SUB> and AMOS<SUB align="right"><SMALL>22</SMALL></SUB>. Path analysis results showed that 'social networks' was the most important determinant of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition with the highest direct effect (0.41). Other factors influencing opportunity recognition included creativity, self-efficacy, prior knowledge and regulatory institution. Education influenced opportunity recognition indirectly through creativity, prior knowledge and social networks, and work experience influenced opportunity recognition indirectly through self-efficacy and social networks. Relevant theoretical and practical implications and contributions are discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 279-303 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: agricultural entrepreneurs; entrepreneurial opportunity; opportunity recognition; agribusiness; Iran. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:2:p:279-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharon L. Forbes Author-X-Name-First: Sharon L. Author-X-Name-Last: Forbes Author-Name: Mark Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Khalid Alsulaiman Author-X-Name-First: Khalid Author-X-Name-Last: Alsulaiman Title: Disintermediation: the optimal distribution strategy for small wineries? Abstract: This study examines the utilisation of the disintermediation strategy by a family owned New Zealand wine business. A longitudinal case study approach was used to gather qualitative data about their distribution strategy. The key finding is that this business originally earnt 95% of total revenue through selling directly to end consumers by disintermediating their supply chain. Today, that figure has reduced to 80% of total revenue and the distribution strategy now includes some indirect retail and restaurant channels. This change in distribution strategy over time has been driven primarily by consumer demand. Whilst the disintermediation strategy initially allowed the business to maximise profits, gain distribution efficiencies, and enhance customer relationships, it did not fully meet the needs of all consumers. We discuss the rationale of the various direct and intermediated channels utilised by this business and suggest that these will be useful for other small wine businesses that want to achieve similar benefits through a combination of channel strategies. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 450-472 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: wine; supply chain; disintermediation; distribution. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110759 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:3:p:450-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marc Dressler Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Dressler Title: The entrepreneurship power house of ambition and innovation: exploring German wineries Abstract: Increasing competition, globalisation, and supplier concentration - hence changes in the external business environment - stress small entrepreneurs. Indeed, survival is not for granted. In the investigated German wine industry, the number of producers was cut in half since 1980. Resilience, meaning the ability to cope with environmental changes, obviously is a necessary precondition for sustainable success. Survey data of German wineries serve to explore strategic entrepreneurship and the impact on resilience or eventual sustainable growth in a crowding out market. The study explores key entrepreneurial traits of pro-activeness, innovation, and ambition level. Descriptive, variance, and correlation analyses disclose that entrepreneurial behaviour improves performance. Typical entrepreneurial 'bricolage' could be observed. Environmental challenges are interpreted in an optimistic manner, even caesural ones. Despite limiting environmental factors entrepreneurs seize opportunities, are more ambitious, show innovativeness, and thereby profit by higher performance. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 397-430 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; small and medium enterprise; SME; sustainability; resilience; goals; ambition; innovation; wine industry; performance. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:3:p:397-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Parrish Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Parrish Author-Name: James Downing Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Downing Title: Stories a world apart: storytelling differentiation in Napa and Stellenbosch Abstract: This research explores how wineries engage in sensegiving for differentiation by crafting and sharing organisational narratives. We call this storytelling differentiation; it is focused on creating a unique identity for a winery by differentiating through a captivating narrative. We examined the stories wineries tell about themselves on their websites. Our research examines stories from 294 randomly selected wineries - 175 from Napa Valley and 119 from Stellenbosch. We classified the stories by the 12 classical Jungian archetypes to better understand the wineries' differentiation strategies. Our findings identify a remarkable symmetry between the types of stories utilised between regions, even as the terminology within stories differs between Napa and Stellenbosch. Our findings also suggest that more daring story types (explorer, outlaw, and jester) may be underutilised as tools for differentiation. This research provides needed insights for understanding the role of stories and storytelling in product marketing, particularly in the wine industry. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 431-449 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; sensegiving; storytelling; differentiation; wine. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:3:p:431-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beysül Aytac Author-X-Name-First: Beysül Author-X-Name-Last: Aytac Author-Name: Thi Hong Van Hoang Author-X-Name-First: Thi Hong Van Author-X-Name-Last: Hoang Author-Name: Amine Lahiani Author-X-Name-First: Amine Author-X-Name-Last: Lahiani Author-Name: Laure Michel Author-X-Name-First: Laure Author-X-Name-Last: Michel Title: Working capital management and profitability of wine firms in France: an empirical analysis Abstract: We estimated the impact of cash conversion cycle (CCC) on the return on assets of wine firms in France over the 2003-2014 period. After controlling for factors such as size, growth, tangibility and leverage, we found that CCC had a negative impact on the profitability of French wine firms, suggesting an aggressive working capital management strategy. However, there was no optimal level of CCC allowing firms to maximise their profitability. On the other hand, French wine firms should grant a payment delay to their customers while reducing the delay to sell stocked wines. They should also lengthen the payment delay to their suppliers while considering potential borrowing cost and potential discounts for early payments. A robustness check on two different sub-periods shows that the recent global financial crisis had a significant impact on the relationship between working capital management and the profitability of wine firms in France. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 368-396 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: working capital management; WCM; cash conversion cycle; CCC; profitability; French wine firms; panel data; generalised method of moments; GMM; France. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110803 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:3:p:368-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inês Martins Author-X-Name-First: Inês Author-X-Name-Last: Martins Author-Name: Maria Major Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Major Author-Name: Alexandra Fernandes Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandes Title: Designing a cost accounting system at a winemaking company Abstract: This paper presents an experimental case study that follows an interventionist logic with the aim of designing a cost accounting system for a winemaking company. The system was designed with the main objective of determining the production costs of each variety of wine produced by the company, allowing the management to make more accurate and informed strategic decisions regarding price and cost control. Taking into consideration, the features of the company and its managerial information needs the chosen system to implement was the 'homogeneous cost pool method'. The study suggests that this method can be successfully implemented in the wine sector to inform decision-making processes and to enhance companies' financial performance. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 331-367 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: homogeneous cost pool method; management accounting; wine industry; empirical case study. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:3:p:331-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stella Kladou Author-X-Name-First: Stella Author-X-Name-Last: Kladou Author-Name: Maria Psimouli Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Psimouli Author-Name: Ilias Kapareliotis Author-X-Name-First: Ilias Author-X-Name-Last: Kapareliotis Title: The role of brand architecture and brand heritage for family-owned wineries: the case of Crete, Greece Abstract: The importance of branding strategies, either in terms of brand architecture or in relation to the role of brand heritage, has often been put under the microscope in the case of larger businesses. Yet neither aspect has been explicitly investigated in terms of its role and contribution for smaller wine businesses. Focusing on the case of local family wineries in Crete, Greece, helps us identify links with and applications of both brand architecture and brand heritage literature. Findings suggest that most wineries do not use an umbrella brand to create relevant sub-brands but tend to build upon mixed strategies. Furthermore, wineries often refer to place brand heritage, but family heritage is usually the cornerstone of their branding efforts. Our conclusions confirm the need to redevelop this body of literature in a way more adequate for small, family-owned wine businesses, and to enrich family wine business people's understanding of extant branding strategies. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 309-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: brand architecture; place branding; brand heritage; wine; family business; Crete; Greece. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:3:p:309-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin C. Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin C. Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Abbi M. Kedir Author-X-Name-First: Abbi M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kedir Title: Evaluating the impact of registration on future firm performance in the Middle East and North Africa region: evidence from the World Bank Enterprise Survey Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the future firm performance of formal enterprises that started-up unregistered and spent longer unregistered are significantly different to those that registered at the outset. Reporting World Bank Enterprise Survey data on 3,420 formal enterprises from eleven countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and controlling for other determinants of firm performance as well as the endogeneity of the registration decision using the Heckman selection model, the finding is that unregistered firms at start-up witness lower sales and productivity growth but higher employment growth rates. The effect of the registration decision on future performance thus depends on the performance indicator analysed. The theoretical implications are then discussed along with the limitations and future research required. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 473-489 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; enterprise culture; informal economy; informal sector; productivity; firm performance; start-ups; Middle East; Africa. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:473-489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thierry Mahougnon Adankanhounde Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Mahougnon Author-X-Name-Last: Adankanhounde Title: Process of customer loyalty in very small craft enterprises: an exploratory study of the steps and skills of the owner-manager Abstract: Customer loyalty, already studied by many practitioners and researchers, continues to be topical due to the benefits that loyal customers provide to the business. There are, in the literature, tools developed for companies to retain customers who become demanding and rare. Very small craft enterprises (VSE) which are booming presently represent the next economy. However, the proprietors of such ventures, though mostly illiterate, have to adapt not only to the different stages for establishing long-lasting relationships with customers, but also to the necessary skills in the process. In this line, interviews were held with 25 groups of group-based VSE proprietors. The data collected shows that the process of customer retention follows three steps during which the owner-manager must develop skills and specific skills. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 490-502 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: customer loyalty; very small craft business; process; steps skills. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:490-502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrés Marroquín Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Marroquín Author-Name: Marco Villatoro Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Villatoro Title: Culture and entrepreneurship: the case of Guatemala Abstract: In this paper, we explain some of the main traits associated with becoming an entrepreneur and examine others traits that, to our knowledge, have received little attention. Common traits are related to: network effects, perceived skills, ability to spot opportunities, and self-confidence. We add cultural traits: ethnicity, beliefs about inequality and entrepreneurial status in society, and religion. We conduct our analysis in the context of the Central American country of Guatemala, which is ethnically diverse. We use Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey-data to verify our claims. Within some limitations, we find that among cultural traits, ethnicity remains significant after using several checks. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 503-523 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; Guatemala; GEM data; beliefs and the economy; culture and economics; economic inequality; entrepreneurial status; religion and entrepreneurship; culture and entrepreneurship; ethnicity and entrepreneurship. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:503-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin C. Williams Author-X-Name-First: Colin C. Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Slavko Bezeredi Author-X-Name-First: Slavko Author-X-Name-Last: Bezeredi Title: Evaluating the impacts on firm productivity of informal sector competitors: results of a business survey in South-Eastern Europe Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether informal sector competitors have a negative impact on the productivity of formal businesses. To analyse the relationship between the productivity of businesses and their perception of the prevalence of informal sector competitors, data is reported from a representative sample of 1,430 businesses in Bulgaria, Croatia and FYR Macedonia. This reveals that businesses who assert that their competitors always or in most cases participate in the informal economy have significantly lower productivity growth rates compared with those who assert that their competitors do not participate in the informal economy. The implications for theory and policy are then discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 524-538 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurship; informal sector; productivity; firm performance; South-East Europe. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111577 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:524-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iréne Bernhard Author-X-Name-First: Iréne Author-X-Name-Last: Bernhard Author-Name: Anna Karin Olsson Author-X-Name-First: Anna Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson Title: Network collaboration for local and regional development - the case of Swedish women entrepreneurs Abstract: This study explores women entrepreneurs' participation in networks with focus on local community collaboration. Using case study methodology with 14 qualitative interviews in two phases with business counsellors and women entrepreneurs, participatory observations and document studies, this study explores women entrepreneurs in smaller cities in Sweden and their collaboration in networks. Results state that women entrepreneurs participate in various local community networks and that networks are viewed as valuable assets for business development. Women entrepreneurs strategically choose to join strong networks that have an impact on local community development. Challenges faced are mainly related to the role as entrepreneur and running a business in a smaller city. However, some specific gendered challenges are lack of trust or respect from other business and public actors, especially in contact with authorities. The main sources for renewal processes and knowledge sharing are co-owners, staff, digital tools, networks partners, families and friends. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 539-561 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: network collaboration; women entrepreneurs; local and regional; digital; innovation; tourism; Sweden. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111578 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:539-561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mir Shahid Satar Author-X-Name-First: Mir Shahid Author-X-Name-Last: Satar Title: Analysing the differences in the importance of social entrepreneurship critical success factors across social enterprise demographics Abstract: The present paper was formulated with the purpose to find out the significant differences in the degree of importance of formally identified social entrepreneurship (S-ENT) critical success factors (CSFs) across different demographic parameters of Indian social enterprises (SEs). All in all, the former survey have covered SEs operating in seven prominent socio-economic sectors involving diverse social settings within India. Kruskal-Wallis test in conjugation with descriptive stats was employed to analyse the significant differences in the present study. The study found that out of 24 CSFs, the relative importance of eight outlined CSFs remarkably differs as per the type of legal structure, socio-economic sector and nature of revenue generation of the studied SEs. Further, the analysis led to find the relative importance of the above eight significant factors for different types and nature of SEs under consideration. The study will help the practitioners and other stakeholders of S-ENT in reviewing the relative importance of CSFs while seeking their relevant application for a particular S-ENT venture. Alternatively, the study outcomes would enable the practitioners in weighing the contextual specificities' while prioritising the 24 formerly discovered CSFs. The findings simultaneously are expected to advance literature on S-ENT CSFs vis-à-vis SE management. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 562-583 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: social entrepreneurship; S-ENT; social enterprise; critical success factors; CSFs; strategic management; India; sustainability; demographics. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111579 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:562-583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riadh Manita Author-X-Name-First: Riadh Author-X-Name-Last: Manita Author-Name: Najoua Elommal Author-X-Name-First: Najoua Author-X-Name-Last: Elommal Author-Name: Rey Dang Author-X-Name-First: Rey Author-X-Name-Last: Dang Author-Name: L'Hocine Houanti Author-X-Name-First: L'Hocine Author-X-Name-Last: Houanti Title: Does board gender diversity affect firm performance? Evidence from the French SMEs Abstract: In the contemporary business world, the diversity of boards in terms of gender has been examined by many researchers and those responsible for public policy. Although many studies have assessed the correlation between how a company performs financially and the gender diversity of its board, this research has tended to focus on larger companies and the results have been inconclusive. This paper will re-examine key elements of the existing discourse by focusing on a selection of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France between 2009 and 2014. Panel data and the two-stage least squares (2SLS) methodology was employed to assert empirical control over both the significance and direction of the correlation between the financial performance of an organisation and the diversity of its board. Unlike the literature, in our study of French SMEs, we found no notable correlation between how a company performs financially and how diverse its board is in terms of gender. This paper will examine the benefits firms can access by ensuring the gender diversity of their respective boards. Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Pages: 584-603 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2020 Keywords: board of directors; company performance; diversity; gender; women. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111580 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:41:y:2020:i:4:p:584-603