Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Elo
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Elo
Author-Name: Zsuzsanna Vincze
Author-X-Name-First: Zsuzsanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Vincze
Title: Transnational intrapreneurship: opportunity development in transnational teams in the Nordic periphery
Abstract:
Transnational resources of entrepreneurs and employees foster firm's competiveness. Firm competitiveness, especially the knowledge intensive business, is linked to its talent base and embeddedness in international networks providing business opportunities. However, in peripheral regions it is challenging to capitalise on international talent. This single case study describes an enterprise in Northern Sweden, which is strategically employing transnational diaspora resources and foreign STEM-talent as transnational intrapreneurs developing the business. The study contributes to international opportunity development and transnational diaspora research and illustrates how the creation of a transnational work-scape may compensate locational disadvantages and enable access to new opportunities and ideas.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 103-125
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: intrapreneurship; transnational resources; diaspora; network; opportunity; innovation.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96954
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:103-125

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarika Pruthi
Author-X-Name-First: Sarika
Author-X-Name-Last: Pruthi
Author-Name: Mike Wright
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Wright
Title: Social ties, prior experience, and venture creation by transnational entrepreneurs
Abstract:
The interaction between resources, and host and home country contexts of transnational entrepreneurs (TEs), is important for understanding their strategies and hence performance of their ventures. Yet, how they deploy their unique experiences and social networks in the founding of ventures in multiple institutional contexts is less understood. Based on 15 in-depth interviews with TEs of Indian origin in the UK, and nine of their counterpart heads of transnational venture (TNV) operations, we explore the use of prior experience, and personal and industry ties in the founding of TNVs in their home country. Our findings show that the way TEs use personal and industry ties in the host and home countries is contingent on whether they have prior experience of: 1) entering the home country; 2) implementing the business opportunity underlying the TNV in the home country, respectively, with a former employer. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 41-73
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: social ties; venture creation; transnational entrepreneurs; TEs; UK; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96964
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:41-73

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wensong Bai
Author-X-Name-First: Wensong
Author-X-Name-Last: Bai
Title: Linking periphery with centre: the liability and usefulness of returnee entrepreneurial firm in home country context
Abstract:
Returnee entrepreneurship has received increasing attention because of its characteristics of innovation, international orientation and performance advantage, but understanding of how returnee entrepreneurial firms achieve desirable entrepreneurial goals in home country context is limited. Drawing on literature on the centre-peripheral dichotomy in international scientific community, this paper attempts to investigate context constraints that influence returnee entrepreneurial firms' innovation and entrepreneurship performance in the home country and to explain how firms deal with these constraints. Based on a longitudinal case study that investigates a successful returnee entrepreneurial firm from China, research findings show that the returnee entrepreneurial firm is able to overcome its peripheral research condition by developing international network connections with researchers at the centre of the international scientific community. However, the firm may not be able to properly respond to the regulatory regime constraints without having a good understanding of the home country and making re-adjustments accordingly. Hence, this study presents a discussion of the usefulness and liability of returnee entrepreneurial firms that influence their entrepreneurship process and performance in the home country.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 15-40
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: returnee entrepreneurship; peripheral context; context constraints; international network connections; re-adjustment.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96965
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:15-40

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heléne Lundberg
Author-X-Name-First: Heléne
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundberg
Author-Name: Anneli Rehnfors
Author-X-Name-First: Anneli
Author-X-Name-Last: Rehnfors
Title: The immigrant effect from employer and employee perspectives in a Swedish context
Abstract:
This explorative study addresses the immigrant effect. Not only is the employer perspective considered, but employed immigrants also share their experiences. We report a multi-case comparative study of two immigrant-employing SMEs in Vasternorrland, a peripheral and sparsely populated region located in Mid Sweden, in northern Europe. The employment of immigrants reportedly had several advantages as well as disadvantages. Both employers and immigrant employees agreed that the immigrants' language and cultural competences reduced psychic distances between the company and the export market represented by the immigrant's country of origin. Employers reported a generally increased awareness of psychic distance among markets resulting from the employment of immigrants, though employing immigrants resulted in increased psychic distance within the companies.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 126-147
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: immigrant effect; export; internationalisation; psychic distance; SME; language; cultural competence; cultural awareness; internationalisation knowledge; employer perspective; liability of outsidership; Sweden.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96966
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:126-147

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susanne Sandberg
Author-X-Name-First: Susanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandberg
Author-Name: Rebecca Immonen
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Immonen
Author-Name: Sara Kok
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Kok
Title: Refugee entrepreneurship: taking a social network view on immigrants with refugee backgrounds starting transnational businesses in Sweden
Abstract:
The global world of today is characterised by movement, both voluntarily and forced. Still few studies have focused on immigrant entrepreneurs with refugee background and how they start and run transnational businesses in their country of residence. The purposes of the paper are: 1) to identify characteristics of refugee entrepreneurs; 2) to examine how the social network is utilised for starting up and running the business. Four refugee entrepreneurs, who started business with transnational characteristics in Sweden, are studied. Findings identify a time span before becoming self-employed, an urge to start own business, strong transnational ties, importance of COR ties and knowledge of the native language and legislation, as key for refugee entrepreneurs. Through positioning refugee entrepreneurship to existing research, and by taking a social network view on transnational business of refugees, novel theoretical and empirical contributions and implications are given.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 216-241
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: refugee; immigrant; diaspora; transnational; international; social network; entrepreneurship; social capital; human capital.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96967
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:216-241

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Baron
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Baron
Author-Name: Aki Harima
Author-X-Name-First: Aki
Author-X-Name-Last: Harima
Title: The role of diaspora entrepreneurs in start-up ecosystem development - a Berlin case study
Abstract:
Start-up ecosystem has reached great attention in the recent research. Understanding how dynamic ecosystems develop has become of major interest for policy makers due to a potential regional economic well-being. In this study, we explore how the uniqueness of diaspora entrepreneurs may contribute to the development of a successful start-up ecosystem. Based on a case study conducted in Berlin, we analyse the role of diaspora entrepreneurs in ecosystem development with a conceptual framework developed from Austrian capital theory. The empirical findings show that diasporans are an auspicious co-creator for Berlin's ecosystem development as they enrich the supportive environment with diverse resources that local entrepreneurs cannot provide. We found that diasporans in Berlin reinforce the ecosystem's capitals and act as important 'interweavers' of such capitals to the unique and successful structure of Berlin's start-up ecosystem.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 74-102
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: start-up ecosystem; Berlin; diaspora entrepreneurship; bi-focality; mixed embeddedness.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96968
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:74-102

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Indianna D. Minto-Coy
Author-X-Name-First: Indianna D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Minto-Coy
Title: From the periphery to the centre: start-up and growth strategies for minority diaspora entrepreneurs
Abstract:
Not all diasporans face the same opportunities and challenges in the entrepreneurial process. Some are forced to the periphery in terms of proximity to essential business resources and networks considered important for overcoming liabilities of foreignness, size and newness. The paper, therefore asks: how do diaspora entrepreneurs from the periphery and non-mainstream markets emerge, survive and grow? The question is addressed through the lens of social network theory and a case study of Golden Krust Caribbean Bakery and Grill (GK), the largest Caribbean eatery in the USA and its CEO and founder the Jamaican-born Lowell Hawthorne. The article underscores the role of family, co-ethnic networks as well as the cultural knowledge and resources from the country of origin in helping entrepreneurs from the periphery to start, grow and mainstream their enterprises.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 189-215
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurship; diaspora; diaspora entrepreneurship; enterprise; diaspora business; networks; business start-up; co-ethnic; transnational entrepreneurship; liabilities of foreignness; internationalisation; Caribbean; family; periphery.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96972
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:189-215

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Quang Evansluong
Author-X-Name-First: Quang
Author-X-Name-Last: Evansluong
Author-Name: Marcela Ramírez-Pasillas
Author-X-Name-First: Marcela
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramírez-Pasillas
Title: The role of family social capital in immigrants' entrepreneurial opportunity creation processes
Abstract:
This paper conducts an inductive case study to build a theory on the role of family in both the host and home countries in immigrant entrepreneurs' attempts at creating entrepreneurial opportunities. We used the perspectives of the opportunity creation process and family social capital. We relied on data collected from four cases of immigrant entrepreneurs from Lebanon, Syria, Cameroon and Mexico who have established businesses in Sweden. The paper identified three sources of family social capital: family duties, family trust and family support as being relevant for creating opportunities. While family duties triggered the process of forming an entrepreneurial idea, this process was advanced by the existence of family trust. Family support was then the building block for launching an entrepreneurial idea. By identifying these three sources of family social capital, we show that families in the host and home countries contribute to immigrant entrepreneurs' opportunity creation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 164-188
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: immigrant entrepreneurship; opportunity creation; family social capital; entrepreneurial ideas; home country; host country; family duty; family trust.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96973
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:164-188

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tinashe Tsungai Raphael Ndoro
Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe Tsungai Raphael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndoro
Author-Name: Lynette Louw
Author-X-Name-First: Lynette
Author-X-Name-Last: Louw
Author-Name: MacDonald Kanyangale
Author-X-Name-First: MacDonald
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanyangale
Title: Practices in operating a small business in a host community: a social capital perspective of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurship within the South African business context
Abstract:
This study explores how Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs who own small retail businesses in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa draw from their social capital to operate their small businesses. The study followed a qualitative research design in which 21 in-depth interviews were conducted. The findings show that the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs used different forms of social capital to operate their small retail businesses in the host business environment. Drawing from their social capital, the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs were able to respond to opportunities and challenges in the host business environment. Social capital embedded in relationships and networks between the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs and different stakeholders was central to the operations of the small retail businesses.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 148-163
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; immigrant entrepreneurship; social capital; networks; qualitative; Chinese; South Africa.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96974
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:1/2:p:148-163

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Challita
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Challita
Author-Name: Philippe Aurier
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Aurier
Author-Name: Patrick Sentis
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Sentis
Title: Linking branding strategy to ownership structure, financial performance and stability: case of French wine cooperatives
Abstract:
This research explores the relationship between the branding and financial performance of a firm while taking into account its ownership structure. Using decisional theory, we apply a normative approach to better explain the incentives and constraints of branding in two types of firms: cooperatives and investor-owned firms (IOFs). We then perform a quantitative analysis using a survey of 207 French firms in the wine sector and financial information data. We show that cooperatives are more constrained to private branding. As a consequence, they invest more in labelling, whereas IOFs are more likely to invest in private branding. Additionally, we find that branded (private and labelling) firms have poorer financial and commercial performance, as measured by return on assets and return on sales ratios, respectively. Finally, we find that the main factor contributing to the stability of financial performance is a cooperative ownership structure rather than the branding strategy.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 292-307
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: branding; financial performance; cooperatives; decision theory; wine industry.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=97732
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:292-307

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karine Garcia
Author-X-Name-First: Karine
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia
Author-Name: Philippe Aurier
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Aurier
Author-Name: Angélique Rodhain
Author-X-Name-First: Angélique
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodhain
Title: Co-creating a wine: a dyadic approach to consumer experiential value and SME value creation
Abstract:
Consumer and firm involvement in co-creation processes has been attracting scholarly attention. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on co-creation between customers and SMEs. We therefore investigated a single case of a wine collectively co-created through interactions on a French winemaker's blog between the winemaker and 25 participants. Our study sought to determine how the winemaker and customers engaged in the co-creation process and the value they derived from this experience. From a consumer perspective, our research highlights the perceived ethical value through the participants' engagement at multiple levels. From a managerial perspective, this study demonstrates that customer involvement can be an effective strategy for implementing innovation at a relational and experiential level in an SME context.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 274-291
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: co-creation process; value; innovation; relationships; wine; SME; collective; experiential value; consumer ethical value.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=97733
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:274-291

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dean A. McCorkle
Author-X-Name-First: Dean A.
Author-X-Name-Last: McCorkle
Author-Name: Rebekka M. Dudensing
Author-X-Name-First: Rebekka M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dudensing
Author-Name: Dan D. Hanselka
Author-X-Name-First: Dan D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanselka
Author-Name: Ed W. Hellman
Author-X-Name-First: Ed W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hellman
Title: The long-term viability of US wine grape vineyards: assessing vineyard labour costs for future technology development
Abstract:
The motivation for this study centres on the labour-and cost-intensive nature of wine grape production and the potential opportunities for robotic technology. The objectives of this study are to develop cost of production budgets for five representative wine grape vineyards in four US states, assess the economic viability of wine grape production under current operating conditions, evaluate labour costs by production task, and identify common production challenges and tasks that could be augmented with robotic technology development. Investigators have worked with grower panels to develop a production budget for representative vineyards in four states, and to gather input on production tasks that the growers and technology developers feel would be most suitable for robotic technology. A stochastic simulation model was developed to assess baseline pro-forma financial statements for each vineyard size. Combined, the results help in exploring opportunities to strengthen vineyard profitability and competitiveness using robotics.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 308-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: wine grapes; robotic; technology; stochastic; Monte Carlo; simulation; labour; empirical distribution; financial statements; precision mechanisation.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=97734
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Open Access
Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:308-334

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emilie Darroman
Author-X-Name-First: Emilie
Author-X-Name-Last: Darroman
Author-Name: Călin Gurău
Author-X-Name-First: Călin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gurău
Author-Name: Cyrille Mandou
Author-X-Name-First: Cyrille
Author-X-Name-Last: Mandou
Title: Innovation in wine closure packaging: the case of Diam
Abstract:
Using a case study methodology, this paper presents the company Diam, which is one of the leaders on the market for wine bottle closures, both in France and internationally. The strategic approach to the market realities, expressed through the specific needs of wine producers, retailers and customers in terms of permeability, neutrality and sustainability, is characterised by a deeply embedded integration and complementarity between the market and the innovation orientation of the firm. The capacity of the firm to develop and apply new technological improvements, supported by a strong policy of intellectual property protection, and an active strategy of marketing communications, represents an illustration of the successful application of various levers of managerial actions to enhance the performance and the market reputation of both the product offering and of the firm as a whole.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 256-273
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: innovation orientation; market orientation; levers of managerial action; wine closures; cases study.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=97740
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:256-273

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nirjhar Nigam
Author-X-Name-First: Nirjhar
Author-X-Name-Last: Nigam
Author-Name: Sondes Mbarek
Author-X-Name-First: Sondes
Author-X-Name-Last: Mbarek
Author-Name: Cristiane Benetti
Author-X-Name-First: Cristiane
Author-X-Name-Last: Benetti
Title: Can crowdfunding promote innovation in the wine industry?
Abstract:
In this paper, we study three leading crowdfunding platforms specific to the wine industry and analyse how these platforms have opened up new channels of innovation in viticulture financing needs and the promotion of consumer-winemaker engagement. The platforms include Cruzu from the USA, Fundovino from France and Naked Wines headquartered in the UK. We also study the challenges winemakers face, and how crowdfunding helps mitigate these issues. We found that crowdfunding can be a viable means to bridge the financing obstacles that exist for bootstrapped projects or those that are unable to obtain support from traditional financing sources such as banks. We manually collected data from these platforms to highlight how innovation has been fostered via crowdfunding. We further demonstrate that improved engagement levels between consumers and producers create a win-win scenario for everyone.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 335-354
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: wine industry; innovation; crowdfunding; promotion; consumer engagement.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=97741
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:335-354

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julien Granata
Author-X-Name-First: Julien
Author-X-Name-Last: Granata
Author-Name: Beysül Aytaç
Author-X-Name-First: Beysül
Author-X-Name-Last: Aytaç
Author-Name: David Roubaud
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Roubaud
Title: Innovation developments in the wine industry: a journey from the amphorae of old to the California wine cluster
Abstract:
Does traditional sector innovate as others? The wine sector evolution proves the role of innovation since the antique world with the amphora innovation until Californian cluster that symbolises new world country production-based from wineries and coopetition. While wine suppliers focus on technical innovations, winegrowers develop organisational innovations to face their structural lack of resources. Anyway, both actual global context and climate change lead wine actors to innovate for survive or adapt. In our article, we first analyse innovation in the wine sector over time. Then, we define innovation and focus on wine sector specificities.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 249-255
Issue: 3
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: wine industry; innovation; wine history; organisational innovation; coopetition.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=97742
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:249-255

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Fronzetti Colladon
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Fronzetti
Author-X-Name-Last: Colladon
Author-Name: Giacomo Scettri
Author-X-Name-First: Giacomo
Author-X-Name-Last: Scettri
Title: Look inside. Predicting stock prices by analysing an enterprise intranet social network and using word co-occurrence networks
Abstract:
This study looks into employees' communication, offering novel metrics which can help to predict a company's stock price. We studied the intranet forum of a large Italian company, exploring the interactions and the use of language of about 8,000 employees. We built a network linking words included in the general discourse. In this network, we focused on the position of the node representing the company brand. We found that a lower sentiment, a higher betweenness centrality of the company brand, a denser word co-occurrence network and more equally distributed centrality scores of employees (lower group betweenness centrality) are all significant predictors of higher stock prices. Our findings offers new metrics that can be helpful for scholars, company managers and professional investors and could be integrated into existing forecasting models to improve their accuracy. Lastly, we contribute to the research on word co-occurrence networks by extending their field of application.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 378-391
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: stock price; economic forecasting; intranet; social network; web forum; semantic analysis; word co-occurrence network; online forum.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98986
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:378-391

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonio Capodieci
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Capodieci
Author-Name: Gianluca Elia
Author-X-Name-First: Gianluca
Author-X-Name-Last: Elia
Author-Name: Francesca Grippa
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Grippa
Author-Name: Luca Mainetti
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Mainetti
Title: A network-based dashboard for cultural heritage promotion in digital environments
Abstract:
This paper describes the design and application of a dashboard for visualising the interaction of content providers and online users with cultural objects within digital environments. The dashboard combines social network analysis metrics and content analysis indicators and relies on two-mode networks where nodes can be cultural heritage objects, institutional providers (galleries, museums) or individual digital content providers (experts and content aggregators). The links provide information about the digital resources associated to each object. The dashboard offers insights on the evolution of the most central providers, the most sought-after digital resources, and the most popular cultural objects over time. We applied the dashboard to an Italian living lab focused on cultural heritage and to a European platform for sharing cultural digital objects. Results show the emergence of clusters of interest around specific digital resources, and detect contributors sharing new topics of discussion and promoting innovative ways of organising the content.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 453-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: content analysis; cultural heritage; dashboard; real-time data extraction; social network analysis; SNA.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98987
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:453-475

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yang Song
Author-X-Name-First: Yang
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Ron Berger
Author-X-Name-First: Ron
Author-X-Name-Last: Berger
Title: How gender affects collaborative innovation networks performance: the case of the Dutch fashion industry
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to study the use of online social networks by male and female fashion entrepreneurs in order to better understand its structure and how it leads to better collaboration and better performance. In particular, we examine whether gender, diversity, and their combined effects influence the performance of start-ups in the fashion industry. We hypothesise that an entrepreneur's diverse online social network ties, including weak ties and strong ties, have different impacts on performance for male and female entrepreneurs. The data for the study was collected through industry surveys and from Facebook. We used ANOVA to test the direct interaction effects of gender and network diversity. The key finding of this study pertains to the interaction effect of gender and network diversity on the performance of a start-up. In general, start-ups established by male entrepreneurs displayed better performance which can be attributed to the diversity of their online social networks compared to female entrepreneurs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 392-407
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurs; fashion industry; online social network; strong and weak ties.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98988
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:392-407

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angelo Corallo
Author-X-Name-First: Angelo
Author-X-Name-Last: Corallo
Author-Name: Laura Fortunato
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortunato
Author-Name: Clara Renna
Author-X-Name-First: Clara
Author-X-Name-Last: Renna
Author-Name: Alessandra Spennato
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Spennato
Title: Web data geostatistics and analytics to evaluate the impact of a cultural event
Abstract:
This work proposes a methodological approach that analyses and interprets data resulting from cultural events fruition, in order to obtain information useful to improve cultural events management and encourage the cooperation between the different stakeholders involved. The methodology, based on geostatistics and text analytics techniques, has been proposed and applied to a real case study: the Italian folk music festival 'La Notte della Taranta'. In particular, text analytics techniques, like semantic and sentiment analysis, integrated with spatial analysis techniques, allowed identifying sentiment score spatial variation and locating geographical areas characterised by negative or positive average sentiment score, in order to understand the impact of a cultural event on the local territory. The particular structure of the event (itinerant) and the Salento territory where it is rooted, an area rich in traditions and folklore, make this festival an appropriate use case for the approach proposed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 476-490
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: cultural event management; semantic analysis; sentiment analysis; geostatistical techniques; entrepreneurship; small business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98989
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:476-490

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Azam Sazvar
Author-X-Name-First: Azam
Author-X-Name-Last: Sazvar
Author-Name: Mahmood Yahyazadehfar
Author-X-Name-First: Mahmood
Author-X-Name-Last: Yahyazadehfar
Title: Exploring the effect of venture capital development on innovation performance of knowledge-based companies
Abstract:
Considering the fact that the emergence of science and technology parks has made inactive areas into the most industrial centres, the present study was conducted to examine the effects of venture capital development on innovation performance of knowledge-based companies established in science and technology parks. Accordingly, two researcher-made questionnaires were designed and their validity and reliability were measured. Then, employees and managers of active firms in the Pardis Technology Park (PTP) (Tehran) confirmed that the dimensions of venture capital development (i.e., development of entrepreneurial culture, improvement of business environment and investment security, establishment of supportive rules and recognition of intellectual property rights, education of human resources and determination of vision and status of venture capital in national innovation system (NIS) could significantly affect the dimensions of innovation performance. It must be noted that the most important factor in the development of venture capital firms is governmental financial support although such companies are private organisations.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 359-377
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: venture capital development; VCD; venture capital firms; innovation performance; business environment.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98990
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:359-377

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephanie L. Colbry
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Colbry
Title: Dynamic resolve model: an interpersonal resilience construct
Abstract:
This paper explores interpersonal resilience as a means for groups to navigate uncertainty more effectively. Supported by a study completed over a decade, comprising observations and interviews in unconventional dynamic environments, a model, the dynamic resolve model (DRM) was constructed. The qualitative research method of phenomenology was chosen to analyse 150 interviews representing a diverse audience from the Department of Defense and NGO community. DRM serves as a resource for any group navigating uncertainty. DRM aims to help individuals engage in best practices to strengthen their collaborative capabilities by strengthening interpersonal resilience. DRM is an interpersonal resilience construct connecting observed relational qualities with behavioural patterns of exchange resulting in engagement actions. The study supports research which considers a new paradigm shift from an individualistic overview of the key traits and characteristics of individuals to the observed actions and outcomes of resilient collaborative teams. The study fills a gap in research which considers the complexity of groups that function in heightened emotional states attentive to the techniques that motivate individuals to accept uncertainty and experimentation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 408-429
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: dynamic resolve; patterns of exchange; interpersonal resilience; collaboration; human capacity; unconventional dynamic environments.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98991
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:408-429

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Takashi Iba
Author-X-Name-First: Takashi
Author-X-Name-Last: Iba
Author-Name: Haruka Mori
Author-X-Name-First: Haruka
Author-X-Name-Last: Mori
Author-Name: Ayaka Yoshikawa
Author-X-Name-First: Ayaka
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoshikawa
Title: A pattern language for designing innovative projects: project design patterns
Abstract:
In this paper, we present a pattern language for sharing practical knowledge to design innovative projects, which we call project design patterns. This pattern language consists of 32 patterns about designing projects, which are organised into five categories: core, learn, create, live, and pleasure. This collection of practical knowledge behind designing projects was created through a mining process of interviewing professional project designers, organising the mined elements using the KJ method (a method for clustering ideas named based on the initials of its originator), and writing the information in the pattern format: pattern name, illustration, context, problem, solution, and consequence. This paper presents three patterns in full as well as summaries of all 32 patterns. Survey results and responses of workshop participants and users, presented in the later sections of the paper, provide exploratory data which testify to the potential power of the proposed language for thinking, reflection, and dialogue on designing innovative projects.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 491-518
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: pattern language; practical knowledge; innovation; project.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98992
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:491-518

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matteo Cinelli
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo
Author-X-Name-Last: Cinelli
Author-Name: Giovanna Ferraro
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferraro
Author-Name: Antonio Iovanella
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Iovanella
Title: Network processes for collaborative innovation
Abstract:
Collaborative innovation networks represent adequate structures within which to foster members' abilities to interact and cooperate in order to increase the level of knowledge and facilitate access to innovation. These systems show a high potential as the best engines to drive innovation. It is supposed that members take advantage of their participation in these networks by creating and extracting value when performing certain deliberate and purposeful processes. Within this paper, we examine such processes by considering two different network models: hierarchical and heterarchical. The first is the classic single hub organisation, where the orchestration model is deemed more appropriate. The second, the choreography model, is characterised by more than one hub and the power of decision is spread among all partners. The main contribution of this paper is to describe in detail the processes within organisations when they are configured in a heterarchical, instead of hierarchical, manner. Our contribution can be considered as valuable in that it offers support for firms to evaluate and pursue the diverse opportunities offered by such models according to their needs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 430-452
Issue: 4
Volume: 36
Year: 2019
Keywords: collaborative innovation networks; network processes; network choreography; network orchestration.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=98995
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:430-452

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuliani Suseno
Author-X-Name-First: Yuliani
Author-X-Name-Last: Suseno
Author-Name: Chanzi Bao
Author-X-Name-First: Chanzi
Author-X-Name-Last: Bao
Author-Name: Mark Baimbridge
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Baimbridge
Author-Name: Cong Su
Author-X-Name-First: Cong
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Title: Informal training in Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises
Abstract:
Entrepreneurs in small- and medium-sized enterprises are significant contributors to economic development. The purpose of this research is to examine the extent and motives for the use of informal training in Chinese SMEs. Using case studies, we found that informal training is widely used and generally accepted in Chinese SMEs. We also uncovered three separate categories on the motives for SMEs in adopting informal training based on the financial and time constraints they face, the perceived outcomes of training activities in terms of organisational performance, employee turnover, and the development of <i>Guanxi</i> and positive team cohesion, as well as the attitudinal aspects of both managers and employees that influence their intentions in adopting a specific training approach. Our study contributes to the literature of HRM in Asia, and has important implications for the government and institutions in emerging countries to support entrepreneurship and SMEs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: informal training; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; HRM; China.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99879
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:1-24

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ekaterina Besson
Author-X-Name-First: Ekaterina
Author-X-Name-Last: Besson
Author-Name: Yue Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Yue
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Hajer Kefi
Author-X-Name-First: Hajer
Author-X-Name-Last: Kefi
Author-Name: Adnane Maalaoui
Author-X-Name-First: Adnane
Author-X-Name-Last: Maalaoui
Title: Consumer evaluation of collaboration between perfumery and gastronomy for innovation
Abstract:
This paper contributes to the research on collaborative entrepreneurship by studying consumers' perception and evaluation of interindustry collaborations between perfumery and gastronomy for new product development. First, we review the literature and secondary documents to identify potential variables about consumers' perceived industry-level fit between collaborating partners and consumer knowledge, which we assume to influence consumers' evaluation of collaboration. Second, we interview professionals in the two industries to further refine these variables, operationalise them into measurable constructs, and add new moderating variables specific to the context. Third, we conduct an online survey of consumers, testing our hypotheses. Our research reveals that the presence of consumers' perceived industry-level similarities suffices to leverage their possible doubts on industry-level dissimilarities when evaluating the relevance of inter-industry collaboration for new product development. Consumers' relative openness to inter-industry collaborations provides an encouraging signal for companies to push the frontier and seek inspiration from seemingly distant sectors.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 25-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: consumer evaluation; collaboration; innovation; perfumery; gastronomy; collaborative entrepreneurship; inter-industry collaboration; industry similarity; industry dissimilarity; perceived fit; consumer knowledge; mixed methodology; new product development.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99880
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:25-53

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elisa Truant
Author-X-Name-First: Elisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Truant
Author-Name: Laura Broccardo
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Broccardo
Author-Name: Vanessa Ratten
Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa
Author-X-Name-Last: Ratten
Title: Management control systems in family businesses: do women matter? Evidence from the Italian food sector
Abstract:
The aim of the project was to investigate medium-size family firms in Italy operating in the food sector, which is crucial for the national economy as it ranks second after the metal and mechanical engineering industries. Special attention was paid to whether the presence of women in top managerial positions had any significant effect on the strategic orientation of family firms (FFs), in terms of strategy formulation and implementation of management control systems. The results of empirical analysis using a sample of family businesses show that gender diversity in top managerial positions can benefit strategic orientation, as FFs are more likely to formulate and implement strategy through advanced management control tools.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 54-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: family firms; female; gender diversity; management control systems; strategy.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99881
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:54-70

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petra Kugler
Author-X-Name-First: Petra
Author-X-Name-Last: Kugler
Title: When less is more: coordinating innovation in open versus closed source software development
Abstract:
This paper compares the coordination effort required for innovative work in a typical firm and in an open source software development project. It concludes that the open mode of organising requires a lower amount of coordination compared to the closed mode typical of firms. The reasons for this finding are a reduced need for subsystem differentiation, task variability and interdependence in open source software development. The open mode is therefore interesting for entrepreneurial ventures striving to overcome limited resources. It has two advantages: it creates fewer costs and is better suited to generating innovative output compared to the closed model used in firms. This conceptual paper builds on the literature on open organisations, the open source software phenomenon and contingency theory. It illustrates its theoretical findings with two cases (Microsoft and the Arch Linux open source project).
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 87-108
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: coordination; open innovation; closed innovation; open source software development; closed source software development; contingency theory; innovation; new types of organising; open organisation; entrepreneurship; costs of organising.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99882
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:87-108

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jean-Sébastien Lacam
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Lacam
Author-Name: David Salvetat
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Salvetat
Title: Co-opetition in the boating industry and collective managerial capacity
Abstract:
Co-opetition allows small businesses to pool their human resources to introduce new lines of business and/or exploit new geographic markets. Co-opetition is nevertheless a difficult strategy to organise because of its dual nature. The management of the collaborators involved in a project plays a role in achieving the collective and individual objectives pursued by the firms involved. The relationship between the management of human resources during co-opetition and the objectives related to the cooperative sector's activity and territory policies deserves to be addressed. Our empirical study of the leaders of 106 French small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and mid-cap boating firms reveals that specialised and national co-opetition encourages individual learning linked to the exposure of the human resources of its participants. Conversely, the complexity of a diversified and international co-opetition creates a new collective managerial capacity resulting from the firms' collaborative efforts.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 109-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: co-opetition; managerial capacity; human resources; HR; geographic strategy; sector strategy; small and medium-sized enterprise; SMEs.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99883
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:109-135

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joana Torres
Author-X-Name-First: Joana
Author-X-Name-Last: Torres
Author-Name: Pedro Torres
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Torres
Author-Name: Mário Augusto
Author-X-Name-First: Mário
Author-X-Name-Last: Augusto
Title: The impact of trust and electronic word-of-mouth reviews on purchasing intention
Abstract:
This paper analyses the causal relationships among trust, general attitude toward electronic word-of-mouth reviews, electronic word-of-mouth review rank, and purchase intention. A conceptual model was tested using a sample of 201 social-network-site users and an application of structural equation modelling was also applied. The main findings show that: 1) trust and general attitude toward electronic word-of-mouth reviews have a significant impact on both purchase intention and on electronic word-of-mouth review rank; 2) trust does not have a significant effect on electronic word-of-mouth review attitude; 3) electronic word-of-mouth review rank does not have a significant influence on purchase intention. Thus, marketing managers should focus on building trust and promoting a positive general attitude toward electronic word-of-mouth reviews in order to increase purchase intention.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 136-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: e-WOM; general attitude toward electronic word-of-mouth reviews; electronic word-of-mouth review rank; trust; purchase intention; digital marketing.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99884
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:136-151

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Souad Brinette
Author-X-Name-First: Souad
Author-X-Name-Last: Brinette
Author-Name: Sabrina Khemiri
Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina
Author-X-Name-Last: Khemiri
Title: Identifying the determinants of corporate venture capital strategy: evidence from French firms
Abstract:
In this paper, we aim to empirically assess the main determinants of decisions of established large firms to launch or join a corporate venture fund. Our study is performed on a database of all French firms that adopted a corporate venture capital (CVC) strategy between 1995 and 2015. This specifically collected dataset includes 58 large groups listed on the SBF 120 index, with 29 groups that launched or joined CVC funds and the other 29 groups are our control sample. The results provide evidence that a firm's CVC strategy is an increasing function of the strength of its specific resources, its performance, the availability of resources, and its low level of indebtedness.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 152-166
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: corporate venture capital; CVC; entrepreneurial finance; slack resources theory; resource based view; agency theory; large firms; small businesses; France.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99885
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:152-166

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanja Jovanović
Author-X-Name-First: Tanja
Author-X-Name-Last: Jovanović
Author-Name: Alexander Brem
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Brem
Author-Name: Kai-Ingo Voigt
Author-X-Name-First: Kai-Ingo
Author-X-Name-Last: Voigt
Title: Who invests why? An analysis of investment decisions in B2B or B2C equity crowdfunding projects
Abstract:
Crowdfunding is an interesting phenomenon in the field of financing, as it is evolving in theory and practice. However, most research is focused on non-equity-based campaigns. Hence, we shed light on a yet under researched aspect: B2B and B2C companies reaching for equity-based crowdfunding. We chose an empirical approach and conducted a quantitative study among almost 300 participants to reveal the difference between the funding decisions for startups located in either B2B or B2C markets. Our results show that differences in investments between B2B and B2C firms do exist, revealing that other success factors are necessary in those cases. Moreover, we find that the involvement of the investor as lead user has relevance for the decision to invest in both cases. We conclude with implications for theory and practice and give suggestions for future research.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 71-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: equity-based crowdfunding; entrepreneurship; investment decision; fundraising; startup; business-to-business; B2B; business-to-consumer; B2C; crowdfunding.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99886
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:1:p:71-86

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manuel Ángel Nogueira
Author-X-Name-First: Manuel Ángel
Author-X-Name-Last: Nogueira
Author-Name: Sara Fernández-López
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-López
Author-Name: María Jesús Rodríguez Gulías
Author-X-Name-First: María Jesús Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-Last: Gulías
Author-Name: Milagros Vivel-Búa
Author-X-Name-First: Milagros
Author-X-Name-Last: Vivel-Búa
Author-Name: David Rodeiro-Pazos
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodeiro-Pazos
Title: The hidden effect of innovation on the growth of Spanish firms
Abstract:
Since the studies of Schumpeter (1939), Solow (1957), or Nelson and Sidney (1982), innovation has been considered one of the major drivers of economic growth. This paper explores the relationship between firms' innovation and sales growth. Using an original dataset of 80 listed Spanish firms over the period 2004-2014, we firstly apply a panel data fixed effects estimator. However, since growth rates follow a Laplace distribution, we also employ panel data quantile regressions to overcome the problems of regression techniques focused on the 'average' firm. Additionally, we consider a rich set of innovation and firm-specific variables that help mitigating standard omitted variable bias. Our results show that R%D expenditures influence sales growth, but the effect seems to be due to tax benefits, rather than expected innovation outcomes. In contrast, the market value of patents is undoubtedly related to firm growth, although high-growth firms capture larger benefits.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 167-189
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: innovation; growth; Spain; panel data; quantile regressions; R%D expenditures; patents; R%D intensity; financial performance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100103
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:167-189

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward Nii Amar Amarteifio
Author-X-Name-First: Edward Nii Amar
Author-X-Name-Last: Amarteifio
Author-Name: Siaw Frimpong
Author-X-Name-First: Siaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Frimpong
Title: Investment readiness and access to external finance among Ghanaian small and medium-size enterprises
Abstract:
The importance of SMEs in the process of transitioning from a planned economy to a market economy is now recognised in the body of knowledge on SME investment readiness. This study examined the investment readiness of SMEs and its access to external finance in the Accra Metropolis in Ghana. A mixed method approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative research methodology were utilised. Face-to-face interviews, using questionnaires were employed to collect data from 500 owner/managers of SMEs in the metropolis. The results of the study revealed that investment readiness variables such as owner/manager's age, financial leverage and financial information had significant positive relationship with access to external finance of SMEs. It was recommended that government should support SMEs and also develop programmes to enhance investment readiness amongst SME owner/managers.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 214-231
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: investment-readiness; access to external finance; small and medium-size enterprises; Ghana.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100104
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:214-231

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Osnat Akirav
Author-X-Name-First: Osnat
Author-X-Name-Last: Akirav
Title: The Lioness from Peki'in
Abstract:
This study explores two questions: What are the obstacles that Druze women face in both their traditional society and Israeli democratic society when they want to become entrepreneurs? And secondly, how do they overcome these obstacles? To answer these questions, we use a case study analysis: the story of Savta Gamila (Savta means grandmother in Hebrew), a religious Druze woman who manufactures and sells herbal soaps worldwide. A combination of personal characteristics and the ability to recognise opportunities and act upon them helped Gamila overcome the obstacles to becoming an entrepreneur.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 232-249
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: women's entrepreneurship; Druze women; Tefen Industrial Park.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100105
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:232-249

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane A. Isabelle
Author-X-Name-First: Diane A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Isabelle
Author-Name: Mika Westerlund
Author-X-Name-First: Mika
Author-X-Name-Last: Westerlund
Author-Name: Risto Rajala
Author-X-Name-First: Risto
Author-X-Name-Last: Rajala
Author-Name: Seppo Leminen
Author-X-Name-First: Seppo
Author-X-Name-Last: Leminen
Title: Understanding the aspirations of Finnish entrepreneurs and venture capitalists: their effects on international operations and growth
Abstract:
Small firms must increasingly seek external funding to fuel their growth ambitions domestically and internationally. However, external funding comes with conditions and ownership claims signifying changes to the entrepreneur's status quo. At the same time, the current climate for entrepreneurship and the availability of funding tend to fluctuate because potential funders contemplate the keenest investment strategy. In this study, we use a sample of 262 small internationally operating firms in Finland to investigate the impacts of entrepreneurs' acceptance of venture capitalists (VCs) as new stakeholders in their firms and the approaches VCs take to entrepreneurship. Moreover, we study the effect of external funding on international operations, growth and financial performance of the firm. We found that the aspirations of entrepreneurs and VCs affect the firms' use of external funding, and that this funding contributes to increased international operations, corporate growth and financial performance.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 190-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurship; funding; financial performance; growth; Finland; international; stakeholders; venture capital; SMEs; acceptance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100106
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:190-213

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Márcio Luiz Marietto
Author-X-Name-First: Márcio Luiz
Author-X-Name-Last: Marietto
Author-Name: Fernando Antônio Ribeiro Serra
Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Antônio Ribeiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Serra
Title: The role of institutional elements on strategic activities of small business practitioners
Abstract:
This study offers different perspectives for observing the phenomenon of strategic practice of managers and sales persons in small stores located in an organisational field through the lens of strategy as practice (S-as-P) and institutional theory. Qualitative participant observation procedures were used in the largest Latin-American cluster of bridal stores and involved strategic work using the institutional elements of weddings. The results indicated that the institutional and dynamic elements of the symbolic ritual of wedding enable the interaction among practitioners in their strategic activities. This provides legitimacy and, consequently, the survival of the organisations. We present a model in which the propositions seek to direct future studies of S-as-P with the assumptions of institutional theory. The study also contributes analysing strategic activities of small business practitioners to increase the potential for future empirical researches.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 250-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: strategy as practice; S-as-P; institutional theory; small business; practitioners; strategic activities; participant observation; organisational field; technical and institutional environment; small bridal stores.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100107
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:250-270

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: V.J. Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: V.J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Elicia Maine
Author-X-Name-First: Elicia
Author-X-Name-Last: Maine
Title: Impact of regional systems of innovation on the formation of university spin-offs by biomedical star scientists
Abstract:
Scientists in research universities can play a formative role in commercialising their inventions for the benefit of society. University spin-off formation is increasing in importance as an alternative to licensing, and can be impacted by both micro and macro-level factors of the regional system of innovation. However, there is limited understanding of the ways in which these factors can interact to enable the formation of university spin-offs. In this study we examine how the productivity of two biomedical star scientists in co-founding university spin-offs can be supported or constrained by other elements of the regional system of innovation. Recommendations are made for research universities seeking to foster entrepreneurship through university spin-off formation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 271-287
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: star scientists; university spin-offs; regional systems of innovation; RSI; anchor companies; technology entrepreneurship; innovation policy; science policy; academic entrepreneurship; university entrepreneurship; science commercialisation; biomedicine; lifesciences; biotechnology; technology transfer.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100108
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:271-287

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vahid Jafari Sadeghi
Author-X-Name-First: Vahid Jafari
Author-X-Name-Last: Sadeghi
Author-Name: Paolo Pietro Biancone
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo Pietro
Author-X-Name-Last: Biancone
Author-Name: Robert B. Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Robert B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Jean-Marie Nkongolo-Bakenda
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Nkongolo-Bakenda
Title: International entrepreneurship by particular people 'on their own terms': a study on the universal characteristics of entrepreneurs in evolving economies
Abstract:
Incorporation of local people in different places into value creation through the establishment of new businesses is perceived as an entrepreneurial behaviour that promotes the internationalisation. Building on the wealth of material on internationalisation theory and regulation theory, this paper broadens the understanding of universal determinants of international entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Our results reveal that education, household income, and gender significantly contribute to the IE while we could not find any evidence to support the influence of age categories. To do so, we employed a binomial logistic regression modelling covered the data from evolving economies including Italy, Iran, and Canada.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 288-308
Issue: 2
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: internationalisation; entrepreneurship; international orientation; regulation theory; universal determinants.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=100109
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:2:p:288-308

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mir Shahid Satar
Author-X-Name-First: Mir Shahid
Author-X-Name-Last: Satar
Author-Name: Shibu John
Author-X-Name-First: Shibu
Author-X-Name-Last: John
Title: The critical success factors of social entrepreneurship in India: an empirical study
Abstract:
The paper describes the social entrepreneurship (S-ENT) critical success factors (CSFs) identified from a survey study carried out in India. The ranking analysis of the survey results shows that 28 factors are rated as critical for determining the S-ENT success of a social enterprise. Further, the factor analysis revealed that the identified CSFs can be grouped into seven clusters, namely leadership, social enterprise planning, community engagement, innovative financing, human capital, legal support, and social enterprise marketing. The outcome of the thesis provides pioneering insights through a structured framework for investigating the individual CSFs and their different levels of contribution to S-ENT success. The inventive knowledge generated out of the thesis work, can be specifically fruitful for practitioners and other stakeholders in identifying the areas of their social enterprise functioning that demand their utmost priority and attention, in identifying the skills and resources required for their venture success, in assessing their competitive advantage and in helping to setup evaluation mechanism of their ventures etc. The pioneering insights can also be utilised by academicians for theory building and further analysis in the field.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 309-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: social entrepreneurship; S-ENT; social enterprise; critical success factors; CSFs; strategic management; India; innovation management; planning.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101103
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:3:p:309-341

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rauno Rusko
Author-X-Name-First: Rauno
Author-X-Name-Last: Rusko
Author-Name: Lenita Hietanen
Author-X-Name-First: Lenita
Author-X-Name-Last: Hietanen
Author-Name: Krista Kohtakangas
Author-X-Name-First: Krista
Author-X-Name-Last: Kohtakangas
Author-Name: Taina Järvi
Author-X-Name-First: Taina
Author-X-Name-Last: Järvi
Title: Roles of career anchors and path dependency in the entrepreneurial process: case Finland
Abstract:
Studies of entrepreneurship education emphasise the impact of this educational process in career and entrepreneurship development. This study focuses in particular on the impact of the decision to start entrepreneurship education at the university level. Traditionally, career anchors are associated with relatively stable career development, but through an analysis of 59 life stories, this research observed that career anchors are more flexible. This study revealed four main types of previous life paths among the students beginning the entrepreneurship studies program (ESP) in Northern Finland, including their transitions between latent nascent entrepreneurship and actual entrepreneurship and between different career anchors. Entrepreneurship experiences do not always mean continuum in an entrepreneurship career.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 342-363
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: career anchors; entrepreneurial process; competencies; path dependency.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101104
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:3:p:342-363

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pranaya Srivastava
Author-X-Name-First: Pranaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Srivastava
Author-Name: Deepak K. Srivastava
Author-X-Name-First: Deepak K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Srivastava
Title: Resource-based theory and SMEs internationalisation: evidences from Indian firms
Abstract:
This paper examines the role of firm specific resources in the export performance of Indian automobile ancillary SMEs. The firm specific resources studied are: 1) entrepreneurial resources; 2) knowledge-based resources; 3) property-based resources. To gain better insights into the research, the case study method of research has been used. A total of four case studies were analysed qualitatively. The study found that entrepreneurial resources, knowledge-based resources and property-based resources played an important role in the export performance of SMEs. It was also found that global mindset and international networking played an important role in export. Participation in trade fairs was found helpful in augmenting export performance. One of the findings of the study is that SMEs relied more on internally generated financial resources. It was also found that many SME owners were risk averse and were passive exporters and preferred to export through agent.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 364-398
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurship small business; small and medium enterprises; internationalisation; India; resource-based theory; entrepreneurial resources; knowledge-based resources; property-based resources; trade fairs; global mindset; networking; technological resources; marketing resources; slack; trust.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101105
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:3:p:364-398

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hadia Fakhreldin
Author-X-Name-First: Hadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Fakhreldin
Author-Name: Hala Hattab
Author-X-Name-First: Hala
Author-X-Name-Last: Hattab
Title: The effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial behaviour and new venture creation: an Egyptian perspective
Abstract:
The study investigates the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) of Egyptian entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial behaviour (EB) and on new venture creation (NVC). Using the survey strategy, it examines a sample of 467 Egyptian entrepreneurs who conduct self-administered questionnaires. The analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behaviour. There are also three components of EI (interpersonal skills, internal motivation and self-awareness) which strongly affect the NVC. Age has a moderating effect on this relationship. Furthermore, the study analyses the differences between necessity-driven entrepreneurs and opportunity-driven entrepreneurs with respect to the effect of EI on EB and NVC. In general, EI affects EB significantly, but this is particularly so in the case of necessity, as EI does not affect EB in the case of opportunity-driven entrepreneurs. The effect of EI on NVC is significant in both cases. Examination of the components of EI shows differences between cases of necessity and opportunity. The results have practical implications for entrepreneurship development and capacity building, specifically in developing countries, where necessity is more common.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 399-414
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: emotional intelligence; necessity-driven; opportunity-driven; entrepreneurial behaviour; new venture creation; NVC.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101106
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:3:p:399-414

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosa Mehrabi
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehrabi
Author-Name: Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi
Author-X-Name-First: Jahangir Yadollahi
Author-X-Name-Last: Farsi
Author-Name: Kambiz Talebi
Author-X-Name-First: Kambiz
Author-X-Name-Last: Talebi
Title: Interpretation of the nexus between the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial business opportunities in the healthcare context: a phenomenological study
Abstract:
Since few studies focused exclusively on the entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurial agents and their interaction with the business opportunities in the healthcare area, the purpose of this paper is to interpret the intersubjective nature of the interplay between the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial business opportunities in the context of healthcare entrepreneurship. The paper's methodology is qualitative hermeneutic phenomenology. The samples of sixteen entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical, medical biotechnology, medical devices and m-health areas of Iran were interviewed using semi-structured questions. Based on the interpretive phenomenological analysis approach, this study explores how healthcare entrepreneurs make sense of their business opportunities. The findings indicated seven spheres of the entrepreneurs' context-based insights, the entrepreneurs' context-based projections, the entrepreneurs' dispositional attributions, the external facilities in macro levels, the external facilities in micro levels, the entrepreneur's environmentally oriented actions and the entrepreneur's presupposition-oriented actions as the nature of the entrepreneurship nexus.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 415-433
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneur; entrepreneurial opportunity; entrepreneurship nexus; healthcare entrepreneurship; context; hermeneutic phenomenology; interpretation; entrepreneurship; small business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101107
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:3:p:415-433

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Lučić
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Lučić
Author-Name: Marina Dabić
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Dabić
Author-Name: John Finley
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Finley
Title: Marketing innovation and up-and-coming product and process innovation
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the influence of different marketing innovation types impacts on product and process innovation. Marketing innovation is investigated through the report of innovation in terms of capabilities of product/service design, promotion and marketing methods. The cross-national research sample consists of 380 entrepreneurs from Croatia, Poland and the UK. The empirical results indicate significant contribution of different types of marketing innovation to product and process innovation therefore pointing towards essential importance of marketing in the firms' innovation performance. Product and service design have been proven to have the most significant role in the successful product and process innovation, innovation in marketing methods contributes to radical product innovation whereas innovation in promotion to incremental process innovation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 434-448
Issue: 3
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: marketing innovation; product innovation; process innovation.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101108
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:3:p:434-448

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dimitris Axiotis
Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris
Author-X-Name-Last: Axiotis
Author-Name: Alina Hyz
Author-X-Name-First: Alina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hyz
Author-Name: Petros Kalantonis
Author-X-Name-First: Petros
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalantonis
Title: How the working capital management influences companies' profitability: case study of Greek pharmaceutical companies
Abstract:
This study examines the relationship between working capital management and firm's profitability for the period before and after last economic crisis in Greece. We use as a sample Greek pharmaceutical industry. We examine as a dependent variable return on assets ratio, as explanatory variables: cash conversion cycle, days inventory outstanding, days sales outstanding and days payables outstanding and as control variables: firm's growth, leverage and firm's size. The results, based on the implementation of descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis show: 1) positive relationship between profitability and cash conversion cycle, firm's size, growth and leverage; 2) negative relationship between profitability and components of cash conversion cycle. The impact of economic crisis on these relationships is also analysed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 530-544
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: working capital; profitability; crisis; Greece; pharmaceutical industry.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101696
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:530-544

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristian Bisconti
Author-X-Name-First: Cristian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bisconti
Author-Name: Angelo Corallo
Author-X-Name-First: Angelo
Author-X-Name-Last: Corallo
Author-Name: Laura Fortunato
Author-X-Name-First: Laura
Author-X-Name-Last: Fortunato
Author-Name: Alessandra Spennato
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Spennato
Title: Influence parameters correlation in a Twitter event network
Abstract:
Influence measures, like social network analysis (SNA) metrics, Twitter social parameters, sentiment score and influence maximisation, are used in the literature in order to provide a characterisation of the user role and the content of messages inside a social media communication network. Using a Twitter network related to the international event EXPO2015, crawled from the event's page, the paper measures the correlation between different influence measurements. The aim is to obtain an influence indicator framework able to interpret different user behaviour through the evaluation of user popularity, participation, influence and polarity of texts.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 513-529
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: social influence; social network analysis; SNA; sentiment analysis; influence maximisation; Twitter event; influence parameters.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101697
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:513-529

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Staffan Albinsson
Author-X-Name-First: Staffan
Author-X-Name-Last: Albinsson
Title: Sing it out loud! The entrepreneurship of SME opera enterprises in Scandinavia
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to contribute new knowledge on the entrepreneurial facets of opera production based on an in-depth study of a dozen SME enterprises. Interviews have been conducted with a semi-structured set of questions. As the studied companies are SMEs, the majority of the respondents are their initiators, their artistic directors and their general managers - in short their entrepreneurs. The analysis shows that opera entrepreneurs do, fundamentally, follow normal entrepreneurial processes in their endeavours. However, along the path of that process there is a wide variety of choices made which influence the outcome, mainly regarding the choice of repertoire and its subsequent staging. For a few, there was some entrepreneurship or project management tuition in prior education. For most, the necessary skills have been acquired through trial-and-error experiences. The study includes an attempt at an 'observed quality' score and a value-for-money assessment.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 449-471
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: cultural entrepreneurship; opera; entrepreneurship in Scandinavia; entrepreneurship in SMEs; performing arts administration; cultural economics; Scandinavia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101698
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:449-471

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brock M. Stout
Author-X-Name-First: Brock M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stout
Author-Name: Heather Annulis
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Annulis
Title: Who cares what the neighbours say: perceived failure intolerance and entrepreneurial intention
Abstract:
Communities worldwide are seeking to improve aggregate entrepreneurial intention for local economic growth. This study investigates the potential influence of perceived failure intolerance (PFI) on entrepreneurial intention among potential entrepreneurs in rural environments. Failure intolerance has been mentioned as a possible entrepreneurial intention inhibitor, but less is known about the specific psychological operation of perceived failure intolerance or about why some individuals are less affected. The study also explores the influence of demographic variables and self-efficacy on the ability of potential entrepreneurs to overcome PFI. The synthesis of an anonymous expert panel from four states in the Midwestern US indicates that PFI acts as a necessary filter to screen out individuals not possessing sufficient entrepreneurial mindset, but recommends more encouragement of groups underrepresented in a community's start up base in order to increase overall entrepreneurial momentum.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 472-491
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: economic development; perceived failure intolerance; PFI; entrepreneurship; failure; regional development; entrepreneurial intention; entrepreneurial culture; social capital; self-efficacy; subjective norms; entrepreneurial mindset; community development; collective self-efficacy.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101699
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:472-491

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Cunningham
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Cunningham
Author-Name: Kaisa-Maija Tolonen
Author-X-Name-First: Kaisa-Maija
Author-X-Name-Last: Tolonen
Title: Maintaining the scene: entrepreneurship in Berlin's artistic sectors
Abstract:
Berlin is a city famous for its artistic culture and uniquely inspired history, building a hotbed of creativity to draw talent from across the world. Our research problem is that, notwithstanding abundant creativity, Berlin's economy struggles behind other capital cities, and indeed Germany's national economy. We offer an explanation for this situation in the way entrepreneurship functions in Berlin's artistic sectors. We apply a mixed embeddedness lens to find the key role of the intermediary driven by cultural agendas and the maintenance of artistic integrity. Thus, economic goals are deprioritised. Our findings have implications for understanding the creative industries in Berlin, and more broadly, they demonstrate the importance of social and spatial context in determining the nature of entrepreneurial activity.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 492-512
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: cultural entrepreneurship; creativity; Berlin; mixed embeddedness; social context; artists; non-economic; ethnography; qualitative data; social construction.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101700
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:492-512

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Mabunda Baluku
Author-X-Name-First: Martin Mabunda
Author-X-Name-Last: Baluku
Author-Name: Kathleen Otto
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen
Author-X-Name-Last: Otto
Title: Impact of personal cultural orientations and moral potency on self-employment intentions: the moderating role cognitive styles
Abstract:
Self-employment presents a viable work opportunity for the unemployed. However, not all unemployed individuals are attracted to self-employment. Based on the assumptions of the situated metacognition model of entrepreneurial mind-set and theory of planned behaviour, we explain why unemployed individuals may evaluate self-employment as an attractive opportunity for career progression. Using a sample of 227 unemployed young people from East Africa, we examine the interactional effects of cognitive style, personal cultural orientation and moral potency. Our findings show that unemployed young individuals with an adaptive cognitive style have higher self-employment intentions compared to their counterparts with intuitive or analytic styles. Moderation analyses showed that the effects of risk aversion and moral potency on self-employment intentions are conditioned by cognitive styles. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 545-572
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: self-employment; cognitive adaptability; cognitive styles; cultural orientation; entrepreneurship; independence; moral potency; risk aversion; small business; entrepreneurial intentions.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101701
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:545-572

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yahel Kurlander
Author-X-Name-First: Yahel
Author-X-Name-Last: Kurlander
Author-Name: Noga Efrati
Author-X-Name-First: Noga
Author-X-Name-Last: Efrati
Title: Our herstory: Beit Hillel's founding mothers
Abstract:
The article portrays the story of the founding mothers of Moshav Beit Hillel in Northern Israel that was largely erased from the villages' collective memory. It argues that without their entrepreneurial and resilient spirit, Beit Hillel would not have survived, thus hinting at the key role such women played in the history of the agricultural settlement in Israel.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 573-581
Issue: 4
Volume: 37
Year: 2019
Keywords: agricultural settlement in Israel; entrepreneurship; Moshav Beit Hillel.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=101702
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:37:y:2019:i:4:p:573-581

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giuseppe Di Vita
Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Di
Author-X-Name-Last: Vita
Author-Name: Manuela Pilato
Author-X-Name-First: Manuela
Author-X-Name-Last: Pilato
Author-Name: Valeria Allegra
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria
Author-X-Name-Last: Allegra
Author-Name: Alfonso Silvio Zarbà
Author-X-Name-First: Alfonso Silvio
Author-X-Name-Last: Zarbà
Title: Owner motivation in small size family farms: insights from an exploratory study on the ornamental plant industry
Abstract:
This case study aims to analyse the owner motivations in the context of the ornamental plant sector. The analysis was designed in order to identify the owners motivations within family farm and it was conducted by segmenting a sample of ornamental plant firms into two sub-samples with different production cycle and economic size farm. Results allow to highlight how passion and inheritance items are particularly relevant for owners in both groups, while significant differences were observed between two sub samples concerning training education, profitability as well as the owner's experience. The findings also show interesting implication about the owner's decision making. Despite this study reports the results for a specific region and sector, its empirical applications could reasonably be extensible to other agricultural sectors, being indicative of the ongoing dynamics for modern agricultural productions of Mediterranean basin, where there remains a strong link between businesses and socio-familiar context.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 60-77
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: micro size farms; innovation; ownership; organisation training management.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102490
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:60-77

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niek Vermeulen
Author-X-Name-First: Niek
Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeulen
Author-Name: Carel Roessingh
Author-X-Name-First: Carel
Author-X-Name-Last: Roessingh
Author-Name: David Passenier
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Passenier
Title: The Chinese are taking over: Chinese small entrepreneurs in the Cayo District of Belize
Abstract:
The transnational entrepreneurship debate discusses the economic and entrepreneurial consequences of transnational relations and trade for ethnic entrepreneurs. The multi-ethnic society of Belize is an example where transnationalism is an important factor because of its implications for the history, roots, and future of ethnic entrepreneurs. Our case study of ethnically Chinese entrepreneurs points to the shadow of ethnic entrepreneurship that is in danger of being forgotten in the more business and politically oriented discussions about transnationalism. In a national context, where a discourse of Chinese transnational influence has developed, locally-based ethnically Chinese entrepreneurs appear to be subject to stereotyping and stigmatisation. Chinese entrepreneurs' real embedding in transnational networks may be unclear and may be easy targets for gossip and unwarranted generalisation. We thus argue that the investigating a local, rural context may reveal the ambiguous social consequences of economic prosperity brought about by transnationalism.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 232-249
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: Belize; Chinese; transnationalism; ethnic entrepreneurship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102491
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:232-249

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johanna Gast
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Gast
Author-Name: Andreas Kallmünzer
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Kallmünzer
Author-Name: Sascha Kraus
Author-X-Name-First: Sascha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kraus
Author-Name: Katherine Gundolf
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Gundolf
Author-Name: Judith Arnold
Author-X-Name-First: Judith
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnold
Title: Coopetition of small- and medium-sized family enterprises: insights from an IT business network
Abstract:
Coopetition drives prosperity and economic development. Surprisingly, despite its relevance and the presence of family dynamics which affect business behaviour, researchers have not yet explored coopetition in small- and medium-sized family enterprises. This study seeks to advance coopetition research by analysing its application by family SMEs coopeting in a German business network in the information technology sector. We explore the nature of coopetition among family SMEs, and focus on motivational drivers to coopete and the implications of coopetition. Based on the present qualitative case study on 11 coopeting family SMEs, we discovered that coopetition among family SMEs tends to be cooperation-dominated. Moreover, the decision for and implications of coopetition seem to facilitate the family SMEs' non-economic goal to safeguard their socio-emotional wealth. The creation of binding social ties and the fortification of the firm's long-term orientation in the form of family bonds renewal are important consequences of coopetition.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 78-101
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: coopetition; family firms; family SMEs; innovation; socio-emotional wealth; business network; IT sector; Germany.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102493
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:78-101

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brownhilder Ngek Neneh
Author-X-Name-First: Brownhilder Ngek
Author-X-Name-Last: Neneh
Title: Performance implications of the interrelationship between risk-taking and family support for women-owned businesses: evidence from South Africa
Abstract:
Extant entrepreneurship literature has often accentuated the importance of understanding entrepreneurial risk preferences, as excessive or averse behaviours towards risk could significantly affect entrepreneurial outcomes. Women entrepreneurs, in particular, have been noted to be more risk averse than their male counterparts, however, little is known about how the risk-taking propensity of women entrepreneurs influences the performance of their businesses, especially in developing countries. This study made a contribution in this domain by examining the association between risk-taking propensity and the performance of women-owned businesses in a developing world context. Also, given the increasing evidence of a strong interlink between the business and family context for women entrepreneurs, this study postulated that the risk-taking to performance nexus could be moderated by family support. The findings indicated a positive association between risk-taking propensity and the performance of women-owned businesses. Moreover, this association was positively moderated by financial and emotional family support. The study makes a contribution to the current knowledge base by illustrating the interrelation between the trait approach and the family embeddedness approach on entrepreneurial outcomes for women entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the policy and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 102-119
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: risk-taking propensity; women entrepreneurs; firm performance; family support.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102494
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:102-119

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Abiola Oluwatoyin Akinbami
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Abiola Oluwatoyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinbami
Author-Name: Oluwabunmi Opeyemi Adejumo
Author-X-Name-First: Oluwabunmi Opeyemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Adejumo
Author-Name: Folashade Oyeyemi Akinyemi
Author-X-Name-First: Folashade Oyeyemi
Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyemi
Author-Name: Temitope Favour Jiboye
Author-X-Name-First: Temitope Favour
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiboye
Author-Name: Joshua Funminiyi Obisanya
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Funminiyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Obisanya
Title: Family business and succession in developing economies: the Nigerian perspective
Abstract:
Studies have shown that despite the enormous business activities in Nigeria, family businesses appear fragile and less successive. This incessant discontinuation of family businesses often add to the already high business failure rates in the economy. Therefore, this study is conducted to find out the reasons why family businesses in Nigeria do not thrive beyond the third and fourth generations. Using qualitative and explorative research, case studies were carried out among business owners in Ile-Ife Community, in the South Western Nigeria. Responses were analysed with Atlas.ti to bring out various thematic issues from the data collected. The results suggest that most business owners have succession plans but vary in their implementation approaches. Fundamentally, their succession plans are being affected by their family structures and successor's personal interest. Also, the findings suggest that business owners who have gone beyond the first generation sustained their businesses through innovative strategies.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 45-59
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: family; business; developing economies; succession; business owners; generation; sustainability; succession plan; perception; successor.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102510
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:45-59

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel M. Quaye
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Quaye
Author-Name: Isaac Mensah
Author-X-Name-First: Isaac
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah
Title: Entrepreneurial leadership and performance of female-owned small and medium-sized enterprises in Ghana
Abstract:
This study sought to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial leadership attributes on performance of female-owned SMEs in Ghana. This quantitative study adopted a survey research design and simple random sampling technique to select 257 female entrepreneurs in Ghana. SPSS and structural equation model (SEM) were used to analyse the field data. The study result shows a significant effect of female entrepreneurial leadership behaviour on business performance. The paper found that innovation, proactiveness and vision significantly influence firm performance. The paper recommends that female entrepreneurs should develop self-motivating drive, improve their knowledge and skills through training and education in order to improve their innovative abilities, take 'calculated risk' and explore more opportunities. The paper has revealed that entrepreneurial leadership is not a preserve attribute for male entrepreneurs. Again, the paper revealed clear dynamism in female entrepreneurial literature by revealing that female entrepreneurs are innovative, proactive and visionary, risk averse and less motivated.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 19-44
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: female-owned enterprise; SMEs; entrepreneurial leadership; innovativeness; proactiveness; entrepreneurship; Ghana.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102512
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:19-44

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S.R. Shehnaz
Author-X-Name-First: S.R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shehnaz
Author-Name: S. Suresh Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: S. Suresh
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Title: Women entrepreneurship enticed family prosperity - an empirical evaluation of performance of microenterprises under Kudumbashree mission in Kerala, India
Abstract:
Kudumbashree, meaning the family's prosperity is one of the flagship programmes of the Government of Kerala, centred on woman empowerment has been successful in giving hope to millions of impoverished women and their families in Kerala. Kudumbashree considers microenterprises as a growth engine that triggers development process. Besides improving the standard of living of the families, women empowerment can go a long way in building gender equality and social acceptance of labour in the community. This study focuses on review of the production, marketing, asset management, profitability, government support and women empowerment issues faced by the microenterprise units under Kudumbashree. The study is based on primary data obtained from 279 samples (93 each from three districts) in Kerala, the 100% literate state of India, using factor analysis revealed seven principal components that accounted for variations in performances of microenterprise units under Kudumbashree mission in Kerala.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 120-140
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: Kudumbashree; microenterprises; women empowerment; poverty alleviation; gender equality; family prosperity; financial inclusion; standard of living; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102514
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:120-140

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sunil Shukla
Author-X-Name-First: Sunil
Author-X-Name-Last: Shukla
Author-Name: Amit Kumar Dwivedi
Author-X-Name-First: Amit Kumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Dwivedi
Title: Mapping successors' expectations: decoding factors responsible for effective succession in Indian family businesses
Abstract:
The purpose of our paper is to better understand the association between leadership succession in family owned businesses and its impact on family owned firm. In order to understand the salient features of succession and performance in Indian Family Businesses a survey on succession planning and management for Family owned businesses was done by Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India to identify expectations concerning successors: 1) from the incumbent leader; 2) from the family. This survey was conducted to determine successor's future plan that are relevant for a family business to consider for planning before actual succession in business. This paper discusses the summary findings on some of the influential variables discovered during the survey. This article is also an attempt to elucidate on the process of succession in Indian family businesses and describe the magnitude of post succession impact on these firms.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 5-18
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: Indian family owned business; succession; business performance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102515
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:5-18

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kim Anne Menezes
Author-X-Name-First: Kim Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Menezes
Author-Name: Suku Bhaskaran
Author-X-Name-First: Suku
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaskaran
Author-Name: Akshay Deswal
Author-X-Name-First: Akshay
Author-X-Name-Last: Deswal
Title: Effects of national culture on leadership succession planning in small-to-medium scale family enterprises
Abstract:
This article reviews leadership succession in small-to-medium scale family enterprises in India and, through amplification of the findings, the practices of small-to-medium scale family enterprises in other emerging economies. The findings reveal that succession planning and practice is influenced by cultural underpinnings such as succession being confined to male family members; successors assuming leadership because of family expectations and filial piety rather than interest and competency; non-induction of 'outsiders' thereby limiting the opportunities to introduce greater diversity in leadership teams; business competencies being overly perceived from a business acumen and contact networks perspective; and training and development being confined to learning through shadowing incumbents. Consequently, family enterprises are unable to develop leaders with competencies to transition these enterprises to a higher growth and development trajectory. Small-scale family enterprises are not accessing market opportunities arising from the liberalisation of India's economy and its greater integration with the global economy.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 210-231
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: family enterprises; leadership succession; succession planning; national culture; small-to-medium enterprises; India; emerging economies; case studies.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102516
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:210-231

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy L. Pett
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pett
Author-Name: James A. Wolff
Author-X-Name-First: James A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff
Author-Name: Mark D. Heileman
Author-X-Name-First: Mark D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Heileman
Title: Family business learning and performance
Abstract:
This research study examines the relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on the performance of small family businesses. It is proposed that the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking) and of learning orientation (commitment and open-mindedness) will be positively related to two dimensions of family business performance (growth and profitability). The study uses a survey method approach for data gathering to test the proposed relationships. Multiple regression analyses were employed using the performance dimensions as the dependent variables. The results suggest that in all cases, innovativeness was not found to explain either performance dimension, while the size of the family business consistently provided a reliable control measure. Furthermore, the results suggest that proactiveness and risk-taking help explain both growth and profitability, and that open-mindedness helps explain profitability. This study contributes to the developing body of small family business literature in the context of learning and performance. The paper concludes with some preliminary findings, conclusions, and recommendations for the future.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 165-176
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: family business; learning; performance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102518
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:165-176

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mulu Berhanu Hundera
Author-X-Name-First: Mulu Berhanu
Author-X-Name-Last: Hundera
Author-Name: G.M. Duijsters
Author-X-Name-First: G.M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Duijsters
Author-Name: Wim A. Naudé
Author-X-Name-First: Wim A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Naudé
Title: How do female entrepreneurs experience and cope with role conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: case study from Ethiopia
Abstract:
This paper presents the experience of role conflict and consequent coping strategies used by women entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) context. The data was collected from female business owners in the textile sector of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in multiple case studies. The results indicate that sources of role conflict for women entrepreneurs in the context studied include family, business (work), social role expectations, and personal factors. We therefore argue in this study that sources of role conflict should not be limited to those stemming from family and work, the normative focus in work-family interface literature. The main practical implication is that in cases where there is a shortage of resources, efforts aimed at promoting female entrepreneurship should start by examining the source of conflict.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 177-209
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: business stages; coping strategies; role conflict; women entrepreneurs.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102520
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:177-209

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tarja Römer-Paakkanen
Author-X-Name-First: Tarja
Author-X-Name-Last: Römer-Paakkanen
Author-Name: Severi Paakkanen
Author-X-Name-First: Severi
Author-X-Name-Last: Paakkanen
Title: Entrepreneurs' early stage anticipation of business transfer and succession processes
Abstract:
The people of Europe are ageing, and within the next decade a significant amount of SME- and family firms will face a need for business transfer. The situation is most challenging in firms where the entrepreneurs seem not to even think about retirement or stepping down before it is really necessary on the basis of getting sick or the declining of the business. In this paper, the focus is on the way Finnish entrepreneurs anticipate and prepare to transfer their business to the next generation of entrepreneurs. By considering the early stage attitudes of entrepreneurs towards business transfer or succession, we found four main types of entrepreneur: pro-active arranger, pre-active preventor, re-active fire-fighter and passive lonely-rider. The different stakeholders (i.e., potential buyers or successors, bankers and other investors, consultants and educators) can implement the results when they want to raise awareness among the entrepreneurs that are approaching the age of retirement.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 141-164
Issue: 1/2
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: business transfer; business transfer process; family business succession; family business succession process; incumbent; transferor; predecessor; potential successor; successor; family firm; family business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=102521
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:1/2:p:141-164

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyllikki Taipale-Erävala
Author-X-Name-First: Kyllikki
Author-X-Name-Last: Taipale-Erävala
Author-Name: Kaisa Henttonen
Author-X-Name-First: Kaisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Henttonen
Author-Name: Hannele Lampela
Author-X-Name-First: Hannele
Author-X-Name-Last: Lampela
Title: Entrepreneurial competencies in successfully innovative SMEs
Abstract:
This study examines what kinds of specific entrepreneurial competencies enable SMEs to successfully implement innovations. The conceptual research approach is supported by empirical data in a multiple case study. A framework of entrepreneurial competencies in the 2000s is created, based on how they are defined in the recent literature, and the framework is reflected with qualitative interview data from 13 innovative Finnish SMEs in the forest industry. The study indicates that in SMEs that were able to successfully exploit and execute innovations, the entrepreneurial competencies include special extrovert competencies (e.g., open-mindedness), competencies related to preparation, and pro-activeness in business operations, which all seem to have a significant influence on successfully implementing innovations. Additionally, the study concluded that there are no notable differences between different innovation types and found entrepreneurial competencies in innovative SMEs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 251-276
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurial competencies; entrepreneurship; small business; innovative; Finland; multiple case study; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103428
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:251-276

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zulkarnain Kedah
Author-X-Name-First: Zulkarnain
Author-X-Name-Last: Kedah
Author-Name: Md. Aftab Anwar
Author-X-Name-First: Md. Aftab
Author-X-Name-Last: Anwar
Author-Name: Suhaimi Mhd Sarif
Author-X-Name-First: Suhaimi Mhd
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarif
Author-Name: Aahad M. Osman-Gani
Author-X-Name-First: Aahad M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Osman-Gani
Title: Effects of business <i>Jihad</i> on entrepreneurs' motivation and performance
Abstract:
Despite being misinterpreted in many different ways, the concept of &lt;i&gt;Jihad&lt;/i&gt; can be adopted to convey positive virtues in various aspects of life. While many studies have been generated on the topic of &lt;i&gt;Jihad&lt;/i&gt; after the 11th September attack, little information is available in the area of business &lt;i&gt;Jihad&lt;/i&gt;. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of business &lt;i&gt;Jihad&lt;/i&gt; on entrepreneurs' motivation and performance. Nine experienced and successful Muslim entrepreneurs were selected to participate in this study which was conducted by using in-depth interviews. The results revealed that the adherence to the philosophy of business &lt;i&gt;Jihad&lt;/i&gt; has significant positive impact on the entrepreneurs' motivation and performance. Therefore, these findings have the capacity to inspire the leaders from various government agencies and entrepreneurs to work together in instilling the spirit of business &lt;i&gt;Jihad&lt;/i&gt; as a means to achieve high motivation and performance in the business world.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 277-293
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: business <i>Jihad</i>; motivation; performance; entrepreneurship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103430
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:277-293

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nkechi S. Owoo
Author-X-Name-First: Nkechi S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Owoo
Author-Name: Abena D. Oduro
Author-X-Name-First: Abena D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oduro
Author-Name: Charles Ackah
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Ackah
Title: Exploring firm performance and growth among own-account and micro enterprises in Ghana
Abstract:
Using micro-level data from the 2013 nationally-representative GENDA survey on approximately 1,200 own-account and micro enterprises, we examine firm performance and business growth between men and women entrepreneurs in Ghana. Using OLS and multinomial logit (MNL) regression techniques, we find differential effects and constraints for men and women-owned businesses: men generally perform better than women, controlling for a host of characteristics. We find that among women-operated firms, locating a business at home has negative performance implications. Additionally, women-operated firms report more positive growth experiences when their businesses are formally-registered. While credit constraint has negative effects for both male and female-operated firms, the effects are felt stronger among men. We also find some evidence of ICT use-age on performance of firms, with differential effects for men and women. These findings provide significant scope for policy targeting in order to enhance business performance and growth among own-account and micro enterprises in Ghana.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 294-311
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: own-account firms; micro enterprise; gender; firm performance; business growth; Ghana.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103431
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:294-311

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sayed Samer Ali Al-shami
Author-X-Name-First: Sayed Samer Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Al-shami
Author-Name: Mohd Razali Muhamad
Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Razali
Author-X-Name-Last: Muhamad
Author-Name: Izaidin Majid
Author-X-Name-First: Izaidin
Author-X-Name-Last: Majid
Author-Name: Nurulizwa Rashid
Author-X-Name-First: Nurulizwa
Author-X-Name-Last: Rashid
Title: Women's entrepreneurs' micro and small business performance: insights from Malaysian microcredit
Abstract:
In this paper, we aim to provide a clear understanding about the factors that are associated with the success of women's micro and small enterprises who received microcredit for start-up new businesses for three years. An exploratory qualitative study from a constructivist grounded theory perspective was used, while a sample of 16 women was conducted in-depth unstructured interviews. We found that women who have a high level of future orientation, authority in decision making, group management skills, network resources and business knowledge are more likely to meet a high performing business in innovation and job creation for outsiders' family members. This study provides insights into women's entrepreneurship and small business development in the developing countries.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 312-338
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: women; micro; small; business performance; microcredit; Malaysia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103433
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:312-338

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lucía Rodríguez-Aceves
Author-X-Name-First: Lucía
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Aceves
Author-Name: José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Saiz-Alvarez
Author-Name: Edgar Muñiz-Avila
Author-X-Name-First: Edgar
Author-X-Name-Last: Muñiz-Avila
Title: Why latent entrepreneurs delay their launch to the market in Mexico?
Abstract:
Entrepreneurship fosters job creation and GDP growth, a must for emerging countries. Due to its strategic geographical position, the region of Jalisco, Mexico, is an attraction pole with more than 650 high-tech corporations, exporting a total value of USD 21 billion (around GBP 16.4 billion) annually in tech products and services, being micro and small and medium enterprises a significant part of their companies. In this paper, we introduce a new entrepreneurial perspective about latent entrepreneurship, and we propose a multigroup structural equation modelling (MSEM) model using global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data. The model explains why latent entrepreneurs delay launching to the market, based on their fear of failure, perceived opportunities, and the emulation effect formed when nascent entrepreneurs interact with other successful colleagues. The main finding of this study suggests that in Mexico latent entrepreneurs' fear of failure does not moderate the relationship between perceived behavioural control, entrepreneurial intentions, perceived opportunities, and the knowledge of other successful entrepreneurs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 339-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurship; latent entrepreneur; fear of failure; perceived opportunities; entrepreneurial networks; multigroup structural equation modelling; global entrepreneurship monitor; GEM; innovation; intention; perceived behavioural control; entrepreneurial intention; small business; Mexico; Jalisco.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103434
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:339-358

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Federica Ceci
Author-X-Name-First: Federica
Author-X-Name-Last: Ceci
Author-Name: Andrea Prencipe
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Prencipe
Title: Is there a supreme being controlling the universe? Entrepreneurs' personal beliefs and their impact on network learning
Abstract:
Entrepreneurs' personal beliefs determine how external information, conditions and stimuli are filtered, interpreted and incorporated into a decision, which has a profound impact on firm performance. Spirituality, one of the most prominent aspects of personal beliefs, derives from the effects of both personal and social religious practices and confidence about the existence of a supreme being. Based on primary data collected from members of an association of firms that share the same principles and values, this paper analyses the effect that the entrepreneur's personal beliefs have on the possibility to learn from the network and, therefore, improve his or her firm's performance. We find that the effect of shared beliefs on network-based learning is positively mediated by the cultural compatibility, creativity and sense of identity of the entrepreneurs in the network.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 359-378
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: spirituality; entrepreneurship; personal beliefs; network based learning; cognitive proximity.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103436
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:359-378

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tiit Elenurm
Author-X-Name-First: Tiit
Author-X-Name-Last: Elenurm
Author-Name: Külliki Tafel-Viia
Author-X-Name-First: Külliki
Author-X-Name-Last: Tafel-Viia
Author-Name: Silja Lassur
Author-X-Name-First: Silja
Author-X-Name-Last: Lassur
Author-Name: Külli Hansen
Author-X-Name-First: Külli
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen
Title: Opportunities of the entrepreneurship education for enhancing cooperation between start-up entrepreneurs and business angels
Abstract:
This paper analyses the perceptions of start-up entrepreneurs and business angels about success factors, knowledge gaps and other challenges of cooperation between entrepreneurs and investors. Cooperation challenges and related learning needs are studied in the start-up entrepreneurship context, where entrepreneurs as new growth oriented venture founders are often searching additional capital providers. Understanding knowledge gaps of each other and learning by doing are important drivers of cooperation between founders and investors. Entrepreneurs pointed out knowledge gaps of business angels related to syndication. Business angels stressed learning needs of entrepreneurs in the field of testing the business idea and communicating with early users. Creating the cooperative entrepreneurial team was also considered an important learning challenge. Entrepreneurship education should prepare young entrepreneurs to understand the role of symbiotic entrepreneurship and different stakeholders in the start-up venture development process.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 379-394
Issue: 3
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: entrepreneurship; business opportunities; start-up process; business angels; knowledge gaps; cooperation; trust; Estonia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103437
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:3:p:379-394

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manvendra Pratap Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Manvendra Pratap
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Author-Name: Mousumi Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Mousumi
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Title: A study of sustainability reporting disclosures for manufacturing MSMEs: evidence from India
Abstract:
In present business environment, success and survival of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) depend upon how they are affecting natural environment and society against economic profits. Thus, it is necessary to examine the core business practises of enterprises in developing economy like India using sustainability reporting disclosures. The study reviewed the sustainability reports published by manufacturing MSMEs using MSME sustainability disclosure index (MSDI) in order to detail the business practises performed by the firms to address the sustainability challenges. The results indicate that sustainability reporting practises are dearth in Indian manufacturing MSMEs, especially in the context of environmental and social disclosures. The study feeds the debate regarding the extent to which MSDI can be considered as a mechanism for discharging social and environmental accountability in MSMEs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 395-414
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: sustainability reporting; GRI; micro; small and medium enterprises; MSME; MSME sustainability disclosure index; MSDI; manufacturing; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104135
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:4:p:395-414

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emma Fleck
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Fleck
Title: Examining female entrepreneurial firms: can we predict growth orientation?
Abstract:
Both regional and global evidence presents a positive picture of increased entrepreneurial activity among females, and highlights, in particular, the rise in the rate of early stage entrepreneurs across both developed and emerging nations. However, it appears that a significant percentage of female-owned organisations remain small in size, with limited growth. Traditional growth models seem unable to account for this phenomenon and do not consider differences in gender as a causal factor. Consequently, this paper examines the growth orientation of female-owned firms in Ireland. Specifically, it identifies the factors that impact this process and provides clarity on predicting the growth trajectories based upon these entrepreneurial and organisational factors. As such, it aims to provide a mechanism to predict and stimulate high growth businesses among female entrepreneurs both within Ireland and across similar countries.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 452-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: female entrepreneurs; growth factors; growth trajectories; predicting growth; entrepreneurial activity; gender; female-owned; stimulate high-growth.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104137
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:4:p:452-475

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mavhungu Abel Mafukata
Author-X-Name-First: Mavhungu Abel
Author-X-Name-Last: Mafukata
Author-Name: Mavhungu Elias Musitha
Author-X-Name-First: Mavhungu Elias
Author-X-Name-Last: Musitha
Title: <i>Vho</i> (Ms) Denga <i>na</i> (and) <i>Vho</i> (Ms) Masindi: role-model rural bricoleur women entrepreneurs
Abstract:
This paper explores how simple and ordinary rural women pioneered, developed and sustained their informal entrepreneurial activities. The success of these women entrepreneurs came at the back of a plethora of intertwined complexities these women entrepreneurs had to contend against. This paper uses the story of &lt;i&gt;Vho&lt;/i&gt; (Ms) Denga and &lt;i&gt;Vho&lt;/i&gt; (Ms) Masindi in its discourse. &lt;i&gt;Vho&lt;/i&gt; Denga and &lt;i&gt;Vho&lt;/i&gt; Masindi were successful bricoleur entrepreneurs. Their activities have influenced a few other local women to enter entrepreneurship. This paper finds that these entrepreneurs never developed into larger formal entities commonly known as SMMEs. &lt;i&gt;Vho&lt;/i&gt; Denga and &lt;i&gt;Vho&lt;/i&gt; Masindi should be considered and utilised as role models and mentors of aspiring women entrepreneurs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 415-451
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: bricoleur; entrepreneurship; homeland; street vendors; rural areas; SMMEs; women.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104138
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:4:p:415-451

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Blessing Funke Ajao
Author-X-Name-First: Blessing Funke
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajao
Author-Name: Timothy Oyedepo Oyebisi
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Oyedepo
Author-X-Name-Last: Oyebisi
Author-Name: Helen Olubunmi Aderemi
Author-X-Name-First: Helen Olubunmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Aderemi
Title: Implementation of e-commerce innovation on small enterprises in Nigeria
Abstract:
This paper contributes to debates on technological adoption in the informal sector. It identified and categorised the elements of e-commerce as an innovation among microenterprises. It also assessed the level of innovativeness on the use of e-commerce and determined the effects of adoption on firms' performance. Primary data was collected from 387 microenterprises engaged in furniture works, leather products, clothing and textiles from three states in Nigeria through the use of questionnaire. The result showed that majority (62.4%) adopted e-commerce in their business and categorised it more as marketing (66.7%) or organisational innovation (62.4%). Adoption had positive and significant on performance. The study established that ecommerce adoption improves firm performance; however SSEs still lags in their level of adoption. There is therefore the need for SSEs to be sensitised to enhance total institutionalisation of e-commerce.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 521-536
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: microenterprises; e-commerce adoption; innovation; level of adoption; firms' performance; Nigeria.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104139
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:4:p:521-536

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ishaq Ahmad Dar
Author-X-Name-First: Ishaq Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Dar
Author-Name: Mridula Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: Mridula
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Title: Internationalisation of SMEs: development and validation of a multi-dimensional measurement scale
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-dimensional measure for internationalisation of small and medium enterprises. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used on primary data collected from Indian SMEs. The developed measure was tested for reliability and validity. We found that 'degree or extent', 'speed', and 'scope' are the three dimensions of Internationalisation in SMEs, and found reliable and valid to measure this construct. Results of this study contradict with some past studies which supported Internationalisation of SMEs being a unidimensional construct. But, results also supported few past studies, which supported Internationalisation of SMEs being a multi-dimensional construct. This study will imply to practitioners in assessment of internationalisation in their SMEs, related to degree, speed and scope. To policy makers, for analysis of government policies for internationalisation of SMEs. Objectives of policies and programmes to promote Internationalisation in SMEs can be set accordingly. In addition, international entrepreneurship researchers can use this measure to further study and investigate Internationalisation of SMEs. This study provides a ground for future to add more dimensions to internationalisation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 507-520
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: internationalisation; small and medium enterprises; SMEs; construct; degree; speed; scope; scale; measure; dimensions; model.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104140
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:4:p:507-520

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fisnik Reçica
Author-X-Name-First: Fisnik
Author-X-Name-Last: Reçica
Author-Name: Iraj Hashi
Author-X-Name-First: Iraj
Author-X-Name-Last: Hashi
Author-Name: Ian Jackson
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson
Author-Name: Besnik A. Krasniqi
Author-X-Name-First: Besnik A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Krasniqi
Title: Innovation and the export performance of firms in transition economies: the relevance of the business environment and the stage of transition
Abstract:
This paper investigates the impact of product and process innovation on firms' export performance in transition economies (TEs) which embarked on a systemic change from a planned to a market economy in the early 1990s. The research builds on the technology gap theory and the analysis of the self-selection of firms into the export market. Unlike other studies that have focused on the export behaviour of firs in developed economies where business environment is generally stable and favourable, the paper controls for the relevance of business environment and the stage of transition on export performance of firms. The paper uses the firm-level Business Environment and Performance Survey data undertaken by the European Bank for Reconstuction and Development in 2002, 2005 and 2008 in 29 TEs. Findings show that the impact of innovation on export performance increases with the transition reforms. Macroeconomic instability acts as a moderating factor of export performance in countries at high transition stage, as it pushes firms to export more, as a risk shifting echanism. The main implication of the study is that the impact of some explanatory factors on export performance differs through the stages of transition.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 476-506
Issue: 4
Volume: 38
Year: 2019
Keywords: export performance; innovation; transition stage; quality of institutions; business environment; transition economies.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104141
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:38:y:2019:i:4:p:476-506