Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Licha
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Licha
Author-Name: Alexander Brem
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Brem
Title: Entrepreneurship education in Europe - insights from Germany and Denmark
Abstract:
Universities all over Europe invest in entrepreneurship education through offering structured programmes. Moreover, incubators and accelerators arise to support and complement fast growing global economy through entrepreneurial activities. Since entrepreneurship education seems to be important for economic development, the development of entrepreneurship education and effective teaching methods are discussed. For this, one university in Germany and one university in Denmark were chosen and researched with ten interviews. The structured comparison of teaching activities and methods indicates several interesting insights. Differences in organisation, structure and teaching methods between both universities could be identified, as well as similar developments concerning entrepreneurship education in general. Both universities do research in the field of entrepreneurship, offer related programmes for bachelor and master students and focus the study programmes on practical experiences, experimental teaching and the involvement of guest lecturers. In addition to that, they offer cross-faculty electives and extra-curricular activities to connect students from different faculties and provide the opportunity to network with investors, support organisations and participate in a business plan competition.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 1-25
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship education; teaching methods; total entrepreneurial activity; Germany; Denmark.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88641
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:1:p:1-25

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ewan G. Dow
Author-X-Name-First: Ewan G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dow
Title: Translation, transmission, transformation: a century of continuity and change in the Chinese-German university 'collaboration chronotope'
Abstract:
Germany's current PRC university collaborations cannot be seen apart from colonial-era German-Chinese cooperation: from the foundations of Tsingtao and Tongji universities on the Chinese mainland, through to contemporary understandings of the 'Hochschulkolleg' (Foundation College). Translation - of both 'knowledge' and 'practice' - is at the heart of this enterprise, from Sinologist pioneer Richard Wilhelm, to modern DAAD counterparts. 'What are the influences (history, ideology, globalisation, language, InterCulture) on the current wave (2000 to 2010) of Sino-German HEI collaborations?' Combining archival/desktop research, ethnographic observation and discourse analysis of interviews from four case study universities, the author uses a cross-cultural translational approach. Parallels are drawn between first and second waves. Germans are seen as latecomers, both in colonisation and university internationalisation: overcautious, pushed into action by an Anglophone globe, quietly doing things differently in a cultural, rather than a commercial way.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 26-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: university internationalisation; university translation; university partnerships; university joint ventures; Hochschulkolleg; Foundation College; Richard Wilhelm; German-Chinese collaboration; translation studies; higher education management; chronotope; China; German.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88648
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorian Proksch
Author-X-Name-First: Dorian
Author-X-Name-Last: Proksch
Author-Name: Wiebke Stranz
Author-X-Name-First: Wiebke
Author-X-Name-Last: Stranz
Author-Name: Andreas Pinkwart
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinkwart
Title: German entrepreneurs in the high-tech field: identifying different profiles
Abstract:
While the media portrayal of the US entrepreneur is dominated by the young tech-savvy college dropout, the German entrepreneur is often characterised as an experienced engineer with a PhD. But is this really the case? Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data of 90 venture capital-backed new technology-based firms, this paper explores two research questions: How do the backgrounds and competencies of German high-tech founders differ and do these differences affect the success of the venture? Cluster analysis revealed three representative types of German entrepreneurs: the scientist, the practice-oriented technician, and the business professional. Surprisingly, the scientist ranks lowest in social, business and managerial competencies as well as having the lowest success. However, this founder type raises the highest investments. In contrast, the practice-oriented technician is the most successful. The results of this study offer support to investors in improving their investment strategy.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 52-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: German entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial types; human capital; competencies; new technology-based firm; NTBF; venture capital.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88676
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:1:p:52-71

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Leyer
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Leyer
Author-Name: Kirill Ivchenkov
Author-X-Name-First: Kirill
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivchenkov
Author-Name: Tony Kirschner
Author-X-Name-First: Tony
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirschner
Title: Requirements of German micro-sized entrepreneurial companies regarding the management of business processes
Abstract:
Well-defined processes and their execution are of high importance for micro-sized entrepreneurial companies. Such companies have limited resources requiring an efficient management of processes and a tendency to change their processes more often. While micro-sized companies are considered as differently mainly due to limited resources, prior literature on process management offers little, how processes are managed in micro-sized organisations. Hence, it is necessary to find out requirements regarding process management from micro-sized companies. We conduct expert interviews with 20 company leaders from micro-sized entrepreneurial companies in Germany. The results reveal that here is a great need in the design and measurement of processes, while the modelling, analysis and improvement phases are of less importance. As such, this research is first in describing specifically evidence from this target group and highlighting how process management is conducted in micro-sized companies. The results can serve as a guideline for adapting tools and techniques to such requirements and guide owners of such companies in understanding needs for managing processes better. 
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 72-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: micro-sized companies; Germany; process management; requirements.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88681
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:1:p:72-87

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Richstein
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Richstein
Author-Name: Elmar Lins
Author-X-Name-First: Elmar
Author-X-Name-Last: Lins
Title: Venture capital for German high-tech new ventures: disentangling the role of human capital for funding success
Abstract:
This study examines the determinants of venture capital funding success in a German research context. Prior research has largely focused on the benefits of human capital, documenting the many advantages that arise out of the presence of certain capabilities and knowledge. However, countries differ with regard not only to available human capital but also to environments and the active involvement of investors. As a result, certain human capital resources might be more relevant or even compensated for. Therefore, this study investigates German new technology-based firms (NTBFs) and the role of human capital when trying to access external equity financing. We find that innovative human capital and the amount of general human capital positively affect the access to venture capital funding in Germany. Surprisingly, we find a negative correlation between the probability of accessing venture capital and the founders' number of years in the industry.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 88-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: venture capital; venture capital funding; high-tech new ventures; German new ventures; human capital; Germany.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88682
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:1:p:88-111

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia K. De Groote
Author-X-Name-First: Julia K. De
Author-X-Name-Last: Groote
Author-Name: Sabrina Schell
Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina
Author-X-Name-Last: Schell
Title: Insights on the self-identity of the descendants of family business owners: the case of German Unternehmerkinder
Abstract:
The objective of the present research is to use social identity theory to elucidate the self-identity development of the descendants of family business owners and the consequences of this identity development. We develop a new understanding of the self-identity of family business heirs using a sample of 179 German and Swiss-German young adults. The starting point of our investigation is the German concept of <i>Unternehmerkind</i>. In German, <i>Unternehmerkind</i>, which literally translates to 'child of an entrepreneur', contains aspects of different identities and group memberships. We argue that self-identification as an <i>Unternehmerkind</i> is not only driven by the fact of being a descendent of a family business owner but also has a subjective component. We find that self-identification is related to individual and firm-related influence factors. Furthermore, we show that the positive relationship between the self-identification as an <i>Unternehmerkind</i> and the affective commitment to the firm is mediated by socialisation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 112-131
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: family business; affective commitment; Unternehmerkinder; social identity theory; Switzerland; Germany; business succession; socialisation; entrepreneurial orientation; self-identity; identity development; entrepreneurs; entrepreneurship; familiness.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88684
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:1:p:112-131

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silke Tegtmeier
Author-X-Name-First: Silke
Author-X-Name-Last: Tegtmeier
Author-Name: Verena Meyer
Author-X-Name-First: Verena
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer
Title: Experts of thoroughness and fanatics of planning? Daring insights into the decision-making of German entrepreneurs
Abstract:
This paper provides two daring insights into entrepreneurial decision-making: First, we show that the cliché of German entrepreneurs as experts of thoroughness and fanatics of planning is not compatible with effectual decision-making (Sarasvathy, 2001). Stereotypically, German entrepreneurs are supposed to use causal decision-making. This challenges the basic assumption of effectuation as a cross-cultural concept. Second, we shed light on the fuzzy role of entrepreneurial expertise for effectuation. Our study is based on a sample of entrepreneurs (N = 560) and a comparison group of non-entrepreneurs (N = 351). We employed a scenario-based questionnaire to examine participants' causal and effectual decision-making. Our ordered logit models reveal that German entrepreneurs use effectual decision-making more often - despite their image of causal and predictive business planning. Surprisingly, the level of entrepreneurial expertise did not influence this tendency. Hence, the role of entrepreneurial expertise and deliberate practice in effectuation theory has to be rethought. 
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 132-157
Issue: 1
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: German entrepreneurship; effectuation; causation; business planning; thoroughness; scenario-based; entrepreneurial decision-making; entrepreneurial expertise; deliberate practice; prediction; ordered logit regression; Germany.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=88685
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beau J. Austin
Author-X-Name-First: Beau J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Austin
Author-Name: Stephen T. Garnett
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Garnett
Title: Perspectives on success from indigenous entrepreneurs in Northern Australia
Abstract:
Development of success metrics can assist entrepreneurs achieve their goals more effectively, demonstrate achievements, attract new investment/partners and build public support. However, metrics of success are based on subjective worldviews. In Australia, indigenous peoples' 'performance' has usually been evaluated from the perspective of the dominant culture, rarely with reference to the views of the indigenous entrepreneurs themselves. This paper seeks first to outline the problematic nature of defining success, exploring the issue and potential options using three case studies of indigenous enterprises in remote Northern Australia that use wild harvested plants and animals commercially. Actors associated with each of these case studies were asked whether they thought they were successful and the reasons behind their self-appraisal. This research opens space to discuss alternative approaches to measuring indigenous enterprise success that acknowledge and respect cultural and contextual difference. Evaluations of the performance of indigenous entrepreneurs must start broad, embrace indigenous worldviews, consider context, be adaptive to changed circumstances and/or aspirations, see non-financial goals as legitimate and important, use shared definitions of success, and provide entrepreneurs and development agents (government, NGOs, corporates, etc.) with the training, tools and resources to evaluate and communicate their own success.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 176-201
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: indigenous entrepreneurship; development; success; evaluation; natural resource management; Northern Australia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90134
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:176-201

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fanny Adams Quagrainie
Author-X-Name-First: Fanny Adams
Author-X-Name-Last: Quagrainie
Title: Family values and practices promoting entrepreneurial competencies among Ghanaian women
Abstract:
This paper explores the interplay of family values and practices in explaining the development of entrepreneurial competencies of women in Ghana. Using feminist and interpretative approaches, 35 women entrepreneurs interviewed were selected by purposive, snowballing and convenience sampling. The findings of this study suggest a validation of the assumption that family values and practices impact on entrepreneurial activities. It also proposed a relationship between family values and practices and the development of entrepreneurial competencies. The findings revealed the possible existence of ethical and comping competencies. The paper concluded that there are some positive aspects of patriarchal family system that can be used to promote women entrepreneurship.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 202-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: family values and practices; women entrepreneurship; Ghana; entrepreneurial competencies; micro and small business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90135
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:202-219

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Retno Ardianti
Author-X-Name-First: Retno
Author-X-Name-Last: Ardianti
Author-Name:  Inggrid
Author-X-Name-First: 
Author-X-Name-Last: Inggrid
Title: Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial leadership of entrepreneurs: evidence from the formal and informal economies
Abstract:
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have played a pivotal role in the economy of developing countries. Intriguingly, only a small fraction of MSMEs are legally registered as formal enterprises, and they typically lack entrepreneurial management. Our paper is to test the influence of formality status on entrepreneurial motivation and leadership among active entrepreneurs. To gather data, we surveyed formal and informal entrepreneurs in East Java, Indonesia. Our results show that formal entrepreneurs score higher in all dimensions of the entrepreneurial motivation variable compared to informal entrepreneurs, except for desire for wealth. Yet, only entrepreneurial opportunity is statistically significant among all the entrepreneurial motivation dimensions. Furthermore, while informal entrepreneurs seem to accept more risk and have higher achievement than their counterpart in the formal sector, this does not apply to the other dimensions of entrepreneurial leadership. For this variable, only proactive behaviour is significantly different from zero.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 159-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: micro; small and medium enterprises; MSMEs; entrepreneurial motivation; entrepreneurial leadership; formal economies; informal economies.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90136
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:159-175

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M.H. Bala Subrahmanya
Author-X-Name-First: M.H. Bala
Author-X-Name-Last: Subrahmanya
Title: Graduation from SSIs to SMEs in India: policies, performance, and challenges
Abstract:
This paper examines the salient features of India's SME policy emerged since the promulgation of MSMED Act 2006. Based on these features, which are distinctly different from the policy measures introduced after India's first Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948 till 1991, and after 1991 till 2006, it delineates the major phases in India's SME policy evolution. Against this backdrop, the growth of SMEs from 2006/07 to 2012/13 relative to that of small scale industries from 1990/91 to 2005/06, is evaluated. Finally, the paper identifies the current challenges, and discusses policy imperatives for the development of SMEs and thereby Indian economy.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 241-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: small scale industry; SSI; small and medium enterprises; SMEs; policy; performance; challenges; protection; competitiveness; liberalisation; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90137
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:241-264

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Datis Khajeheian
Author-X-Name-First: Datis
Author-X-Name-Last: Khajeheian
Title: Market analysis, strategy diagnosis and opportunity recognition in toy industry
Abstract:
The Iranian toy market has been identified as a niche market with lots of unexploited opportunities. Nonetheless, the Iranian toy industry has shown inefficiency in exploiting those opportunities and to meet market demands. This exploratory research aims at understanding the reasons of such poor performance. The research made use of two phases of survey with samples from customers, influencers and in-depth interview with industry practitioners. The survey identified and prioritised existing opportunities that satisfy the purchasers' demands. The interview analysis revealed the key point that the firms are highly focused on manufacturing, whereas the industry has a substantial competitive advantage in design and marketing. The major reasons for this misdirection were that the Iranian toy industry lacked a traditional structure, a strategic perspective and also absence of international cooperation. This research suggests that the Iranian toy industries need to move its focus from manufacturing, where the country has no competitive advantage, toward toy design and marketing channels.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 220-240
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: toy market; opportunity recognition; market analysis; industry analysis; business strategy; entrepreneurship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90138
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:220-240

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniela Werthes
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Werthes
Author-Name: René Mauer
Author-X-Name-First: René
Author-X-Name-Last: Mauer
Author-Name: Malte Brettel
Author-X-Name-First: Malte
Author-X-Name-Last: Brettel
Title: Understanding challenges and entrepreneurial self-efficacy during venture creation for entrepreneurs in cultural and creative industries
Abstract:
The paper empirically researches the venture creation process for entrepreneurs in cultural and creative industries, whereby the focus is on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and its impact on entrepreneurial behaviour. In doing so, a qualitative case study design is applied, and the venture creation process for ten individual cultural and creative entrepreneurs from cultural and creative industries is analysed. During the process, the entrepreneurs experience varying levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which impacts their entrepreneurial behaviour. When emphasising their business model, cultural and creative entrepreneurs are confident about finding one that matches their skills. When entrepreneurs have to take entrepreneurial action, low entrepreneurial self-efficacy reduces the number of entrepreneurial activities.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 265-288
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: cultural and creative industries; entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial self-efficacy; cultural and creative entrepreneur; venture creation; qualitative research.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90139
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:265-288

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Carmen Laudano
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Carmen
Author-X-Name-Last: Laudano
Author-Name: Giacomo Marzi
Author-X-Name-First: Giacomo
Author-X-Name-Last: Marzi
Author-Name: Andrea Caputo
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Caputo
Title: A decade of the <i>International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business</i>: a bibliometric analysis
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to offer a complete overview of the &lt;i&gt;International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;IJESB&lt;/i&gt;). By using Scopus and Google Scholar databases to analyse the most cited papers and the most prolific authors, the article provides a map of the knowledge produced and disseminated by &lt;i&gt;IJESB&lt;/i&gt; taking 809 papers into consideration. Furthermore, through keywords correlation analysis, the authors highlight the most relevant topics and the relative importance in terms of number of citations, by analysing how they are clustered together. Finally, the paper shows the past, the present, and the future trends in &lt;i&gt;IJESB&lt;/i&gt; through a representation of the average emergence date of each keyword.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 289-314
Issue: 2
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: journal knowledge structure; bibliometric; literature; review; keywords; clustering; scholar; Scopus.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90151
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:289-314

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Noor Ul Hadi
Author-X-Name-First: Noor Ul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hadi
Author-Name: Naziruddin Abdullah
Author-X-Name-First: Naziruddin
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullah
Title: The leverage of entrepreneur skills and entrepreneur traits to business success: a case study of Pakistan's marble industry
Abstract:
To date, knowledge of the relationship between entrepreneur skills, entrepreneur traits, and business performance is fragmented. Therefore, this study inspects the degree to which there is statistical significance that entrepreneur skills and entrepreneur traits predict the success of marble manufacturing businesses operating in the KPK Province, Pakistan. In order to do this, we used PLS-SEM analysis on data collected from 82 small-scale mineral-based marble manufacturing units in the KPK Province to examine these possible effects. Firstly, we empirically identified that the three dimensions of entrepreneur skills (managerial, resiliency, and strategic) are dimensions of entrepreneur skills in the marble manufacturing sector. The empirical results further support the relationship between entrepreneur skills, entrepreneur traits, and successful marble manufacturing. Secondly, we found that entrepreneur skills have a significant positive effect on the success of marble manufacturing within the KPK Province. It was further found that the effect of entrepreneur traits on the success of marble manufacturing in the KPK Province was marginally significant. Finally, the study develops a theoretical framework based on the collected empirical evidence.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 315-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneur skills; entrepreneur traits; business success; Pakistan; PLS-SEM.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90216
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:315-334

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosane Carnevali
Author-X-Name-First: Rosane
Author-X-Name-Last: Carnevali
Author-Name: Cida Sanches
Author-X-Name-First: Cida
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanches
Title: Viticulture and viniculture in Jundia&#237;: creating a website to promote them
Abstract:
This study analyses the stages of creating a website to promote and divulge the viticulture of Jundia&#237; through enotourism. The website contains information on the location of vineyards and the production of table wine in the region, as well as its history, wineries, restaurants and festive dates related to wine. It also has information about the town, its history, scenery and leisure facilities. The website was created and validated using design science. A sample of 80 users of the website evaluated different features of it and the responses were collected using a Likert scale, with a high level of approval.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 335-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: viticulture; viniculture; enotourism; colonial wine; handmade wine; Pope's wine; wine route; Caxamb&#250; winery region; Jundia&#237;; land of the grape; Brazilian wine; enotourism; design science; stochastic oscillator of Wilder; levels of adherence.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90217
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:335-353

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bisrat Agegnehu Misganaw
Author-X-Name-First: Bisrat Agegnehu
Author-X-Name-Last: Misganaw
Title: Why we know what we know about entrepreneurial teams? Unlocking implicit assumptions in entrepreneurial team research
Abstract:
Although literature concerning entrepreneurial teams has increased over the last couple of decades, the development of theories that can explain entrepreneurial teams appears to be scant. Based on an extensive and systematic literature review, this paper identifies three interrelated implicit assumptions embedded in current research on entrepreneurial teams. These assumptions partially hinder the development of a comprehensive theory as it relates to entrepreneurial teams. The three assumptions are: 1) entrepreneurial teams can only be studied in relation to the ventures they established; 2) all entrepreneurial teams are the same; 3) there is always a lead entrepreneur in entrepreneurial teams. Changing these assumptions in future research may contribute to the effort of developing alternative theories that help to explain entrepreneurial teams and the phenomena of team entrepreneurship.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 354-379
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurial teams; implicit assumptions; systematic literature review.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90218
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:354-379

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosanna Spanò
Author-X-Name-First: Rosanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Spanò
Author-Name: Nadia Di Paola
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Di
Author-X-Name-Last: Paola
Author-Name: Roberto Vona
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Vona
Author-Name: Adele Caldarelli
Author-X-Name-First: Adele
Author-X-Name-Last: Caldarelli
Title: The role of motivations and intentions in life-sciences entrepreneurship: insights from the Italian setting
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to understand how and why intentions and motivations influence life-scientists' entrepreneurial actions. The paper employs a survey conducted among 25 life-science scholars. The data have been processed through a mixed method research approach. The first step relied upon a QCA set-theoretic method, in order to select the most typical case study in the set. The second step involved the casual process tracing, to analyse the selected case in depth. The paper offers a comprehensive approach to understand the linkages between several factors affecting the entrepreneurial choices. Also, acknowledging that the investigation of contextual elements other than the geographical ones is at the embryonic stage, this paper complements extant literature presenting the peculiar features of the domain of life-sciences. Our findings highlight that the joint and specific effort of universities, regulators, and policy makers, is crucial to support and enlarge researchers' entrepreneurship. The paper offers a more comprehensive approach to understand the linkages between several factors affecting the entrepreneurial choices. Also, acknowledging that the investigation of contextual elements other than the geographical ones is at the embryonic stage, this paper complements extant literature presenting the peculiar features of the domain of life-sciences.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 449-464
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: academic entrepreneurship; intentions; life-sciences; motivations; mixed-method research.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:449-464

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. Prasannavadanan Thampi
Author-X-Name-First: P. Prasannavadanan
Author-X-Name-Last: Thampi
Author-Name: Amalendu Jyotishi
Author-X-Name-First: Amalendu
Author-X-Name-Last: Jyotishi
Author-Name: Ram Bishu
Author-X-Name-First: Ram
Author-X-Name-Last: Bishu
Title: Revisiting Hofstede in the Indian context: understanding the influence of entrepreneurial culture on performance of micro, small and medium enterprises
Abstract:
The performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) has been closely linked to factors unique to the respective countries or regions, namely, macro environmental factors, firm specific factors and entrepreneurial factors. The influence of macro environmental and firm specific factors on Indian MSMEs has been well researched and documented. The nature and extent of the influence of culture on MSME performance has not yet been largely researched or documented. This paper attempts to see whether the cultural dimensions of entrepreneurs across different regions of India influence the performance of MSMEs. The six dimensional cultural framework identified by Hofstede and the seventh dimension brought out through the validation study done recently by Thampi et al. in the Indian context are used for this study. Quantitative analysis of the inputs on the cultural orientations of MSME entrepreneurs and the enterprise performance parameters established the influence of cultural determinants on enterprise performance.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 380-399
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: micro&#44; small and medium enterprise; MSME; Hofstede's cultural dimensions; etic; emic; ethnic orientation; step-wise regression; performance; Kerala; Maharashtra; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90220
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:380-399

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammet Sait Dinc
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammet Sait
Author-X-Name-Last: Dinc
Author-Name: Minela Hadzic
Author-X-Name-First: Minela
Author-X-Name-Last: Hadzic
Title: The mediating impact of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention of women in Northern Montenegro
Abstract:
Entrepreneurs are imperative for the long-term economic growth of any country. By taking different factors in considerations, researchers are trying to discover how important entrepreneurial intention is. This paper examines the three most important groups of factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of women in the north region of Montenegro. The study uses path analysis to understand the impact of personal background, personality traits, and environmental factors on entrepreneurial intention of women. According to the framework of the study, personal background and environmental factors have an impact on entrepreneurial intention of women through personality traits. The relationships between variables were evaluated using factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression in this study. The research is based on a sample of 202 women in Northern Montenegro. The study demonstrates that personality traits have a mediating influence between business experience, family support, government support, entry barriers to business, and entrepreneurial intention of women.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 400-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: women entrepreneurship; women entrepreneurial intention; personal background; personality traits; environmental factors; Northern Montenegro; mediation.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90224
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:400-416

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Berit Irene Vannebo
Author-X-Name-First: Berit Irene
Author-X-Name-Last: Vannebo
Author-Name: Jorunn Grande
Author-X-Name-First: Jorunn
Author-X-Name-Last: Grande
Title: Social entrepreneurship and embedded ties &#45; a comparative case study of social entrepreneurship in Norway
Abstract:
This article investigates what purposes social entrepreneurs serve in a social democratic welfare state. More specifically, the article investigates how important embedded ties are to the success of social entrepreneurs in Norway, and to what extent social entrepreneurs depend on institutional partnerships to build and maintain their ventures. To explore these questions the authors study four social entrepreneurs in Norway. The findings show that social entrepreneurial initiatives in Norway develop at the intersection between public agencies, research and development institutions, commercial actors, and civil society (volunteer organisations and non-profit NGOs). The authors pay specific attention to the role of the welfare state in facilitating the development of social entrepreneurship in the Norwegian context, and find that social entrepreneurial ventures often depend on state-supported embedded ties and develop in collaboration with key public actors.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 417-448
Issue: 3
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: social entrepreneurship; embeddedness; case study; welfare state; Norway.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90226
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:3:p:417-448

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kaja Joanna Fietkiewicz
Author-X-Name-First: Kaja Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Fietkiewicz
Author-Name: Carina Hoffmann
Author-X-Name-First: Carina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffmann
Author-Name: Elmar Lins
Author-X-Name-First: Elmar
Author-X-Name-Last: Lins
Title: Find the perfect match: the interplay among Facebook, YouTube and LinkedIn on crowdfunding success
Abstract:
Since crowdfunding emerged as a new funding channel for entrepreneurial projects, researchers focused on investigating factors that actually lead to crowdfunding campaign's success. Such tools for promotion of a campaign are, for example, social media. Like crowdfunding platforms they are also Web 2.0 applications, which changed our cultural norms and business praxes by creating the world where country borders became invisible and communication immediate. But how does the activity on social media affect the crowdfunder's decision to pledge money for someone's entrepreneurial endeavours? In this study, we take a look at the influence of electronic word of mouth (eWoM) via Facebook and YouTube, as well as the impact of social capital on the business oriented service LinkedIn, on the success of a crowdfunding campaign. We examine the interplay between these different platforms and propose social media strategies for entrepreneurs, which may increase their chances for being funded.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 472-493
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: crowdfunding; social media; Web 2.0; eWoM; Facebook; YouTube; LinkedIn.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90332
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:4:p:472-493

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vasiliki Diamantopoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Vasiliki
Author-X-Name-Last: Diamantopoulou
Author-Name: Aggeliki Androutsopoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Aggeliki
Author-X-Name-Last: Androutsopoulou
Author-Name: Yannis Charalabidis
Author-X-Name-First: Yannis
Author-X-Name-Last: Charalabidis
Title: Towards a taxonomy of services offered by start-up business incubators: insights from the Mediterranean region
Abstract:
Business incubation aims at stimulating entrepreneurship and nurturing ideas to transform them to viable ventures and drive economic growth. The paper defines a comprehensive framework that serves as a basis for the categorisation of all incubation services. The proposed taxonomy has been applied on ten Mediterranean university incubators. An indicative sample of five countries has been defined, focusing on university incubators as they bridge the innovation potential of research/academia communities with the real business world, underpinning a sustainable and robust entrepreneurship model. By mapping the sample with the categories of their services, we intended to investigate how they differentiate from other incubator types. It was concluded that university incubators fall shorter only in the provision of administrative services in relation to typical incubators. This framework shall be further used as a tool for policy makers supporting their resource allocation decisions and help internal stakeholders identify and adopt best practice models.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 494-513
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: university incubators; services; taxonomy; entrepreneurship; incubation types; Mediterranean.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90333
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:4:p:494-513

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara J. Orser
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Orser
Author-Name: Allan Riding
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Riding
Title: The influence of gender on the adoption of technology among SMEs
Abstract:
This study explores the influence of gender on adoption of information technology (IT) among owners of small firms. In the small firm context, owner-managers are central to decision-making, including IT adoption. This potentially allows gender-related factors to influence the IT adoption decision. Accordingly, the research literature associated with female business owners is used to comment conceptually on gender-related factors subsumed among accepted antecedents of IT adoption decisions. Empirical findings are based on 21 key informant interviews. The study documents numerous perceived gender-related influences embedded within IT adoption among owners of small- and medium-sized enterprises, such that women are less likely than men to adopt IT. The implications for research, policy and practice are discussed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 514-531
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: gender; women entrepreneurs; information technology; technology adoption model; digital competencies; ICT; IT.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90341
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:4:p:514-531

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dominik Siemon
Author-X-Name-First: Dominik
Author-X-Name-Last: Siemon
Author-Name: Susanne Robra-Bissantz
Author-X-Name-First: Susanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Robra-Bissantz
Title: A creativity support tool for cognitive idea stimulation in entrepreneurial activities
Abstract:
Entrepreneurship requires creative approaches to tackle many challenges faced in establishing a new business. Recognising opportunities and developing ideas requires entrepreneurs to be creative in order to establish beneficial business models. Actively supporting the creative process can therefore result in enhanced ideas. Within this article, we discuss the relevance of creativity support and the use of information technology to support entrepreneurial creativity. As part of the applied design science research methodology, we developed a creativity support tool, which aims to support the divergent thinking process, which has been identified to be especially important for entrepreneurial ideation. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the efficiency of our artefact. The results indicate that the artefact, which automatically presents external word stimuli to the idea generator, is able to enhance creativity, expand the entrepreneur's solution space and supports the recognition of more idea aspects.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 532-552
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: creativity; entrepreneurship; creativity support; creativity support tools; CST; idea stimulation; creative stimulus; cognitive creativity; divergent thinking.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90345
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:4:p:532-552

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francisco-Jesús Ferreiro-Seoane
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco-Jesús
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreiro-Seoane
Author-Name: Gonzalo Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Author-Name: Alberto Vaquero-García
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Vaquero-García
Title: Public investment in business incubators, is it better than doing nothing?
Abstract:
The objective of the article is to measure the impact caused by business incubators on the region of Galicia (Spain) in relation with the birth of new companies, the generation of new job posts and the payment of taxes derived from that activity and, particularly, the net creation of businesses attributable to the incubators. To analyse the profitability of the public investment made in business incubators, two methods are applied: the 'fiscal balance' method and the 'integral model of profitability of public resources'. The first measures what has been invested by public administrations and compares it to the fiscal income obtained from the business activity generated in business incubators. The second method, based on structural equations, correlates the public resources invested with the creation of companies, the generation of employment and tax collection. In both cases, the period under study is from 2009 until 2013.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 553-574
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: business incubators; public resources; creation of companies; employment; entrepreneurship; small business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90355
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:4:p:553-574

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karan Menon
Author-X-Name-First: Karan
Author-X-Name-Last: Menon
Author-Name: Hannu Kärkkäinen
Author-X-Name-First: Hannu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kärkkäinen
Author-Name: Jari Jussila
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Jussila
Author-Name: Jukka Huhtamäki
Author-X-Name-First: Jukka
Author-X-Name-Last: Huhtamäki
Author-Name: Raghava Rao Mukkamala
Author-X-Name-First: Raghava Rao
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukkamala
Author-Name: Lester Allan Lasrado
Author-X-Name-First: Lester Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lasrado
Author-Name: Ravi Vatrapu
Author-X-Name-First: Ravi
Author-X-Name-Last: Vatrapu
Author-Name: Abid Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Abid
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Title: Analysing the role of crowdfunding in entrepreneurial ecosystems: a social media event study of two competing product launches
Abstract:
The aim of the explorative study is to understand the role of crowdfunding in the facilitation of customer engagement for entrepreneurial ecosystems, using data from two recent events of competing product launches. We conducted an event study that employed content analysis and emotion analysis, as well as social set analysis (SSA) of Facebook data to uncover and better understand crowdfunder (investor and customer) engagement and interactions before, during and after a crowdfunding campaign event. Our paper focuses especially on the role of Jolla's tablet crowdfunding campaign in the development of its fanbase in relation with Nokia's tablet launch during Slush 2014 event. On the basis of the above analyses and related literature, we present propositions about various types of engagement with the potential to facilitate the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems. We discuss the results and evaluate the implications of crowdfunding on customer engagement for entrepreneurial ecosystems and conclude with directions for future work. One of the key contributions of the study is the introduction of a new data source and approach for co-creative interaction between companies and their customers, as well as an approach to support the study of ecosystems from a customer perspective.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 575-606
Issue: 4
Volume: 33
Year: 2018
Keywords: social media; crowdfunding; social set analysis; SSA; entrepreneurship; ecosystem; visual analytics; text analytics; emotion analysis; purchase decision making.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=90363
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:33:y:2018:i:4:p:575-606

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angelo Riviezzo
Author-X-Name-First: Angelo
Author-X-Name-Last: Riviezzo
Author-Name: Antonella Garofano
Author-X-Name-First: Antonella
Author-X-Name-Last: Garofano
Title: Accessing external networks: the role of firm's resources and entrepreneurial orientation
Abstract:
Although a number of studies investigated the role of firm's internal resources and corporate entrepreneurship activities in determining the access to new resources through external networks, there is a lack of empirical research regarding their combined role. By using survey data from 224 Italian medium-size firms operating in manufacturing industries, we examine how internal resources and entrepreneurial orientation may be related to the use of networks and how entrepreneurial orientation may positively enhance such relationship by enabling the exploitation of new resources. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 1-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: networks; entrepreneurial orientation; resources; SMEs.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91446
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:1:p:1-19

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melissa Li Sa Liow
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Li Sa
Author-X-Name-Last: Liow
Author-Name: Aik Lee Chong
Author-X-Name-First: Aik Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Chong
Author-Name: Angelina Seow Voon Yee
Author-X-Name-First: Angelina Seow Voon
Author-X-Name-Last: Yee
Title: Surviving small and medium tourism accommodation businesses: aligning strategic entrepreneurship orientations with industry programs
Abstract:
Arising out of defunct national and enterprise programs, there is a call to identify strategic entrepreneurship orientations to ensure the survival of small and medium tourism accommodation businesses. Building on previous entrepreneurship literature, a performance framework was constructed from 322 respondents through a postal survey. Based on multivariate analysis and primary data, we found that the survival factors included: a need for more entrepreneurial owners and managers to operationalise a knowledge creation process in their businesses. A knowledge creation process is found to have positive effects on their business performance. An important finding identified by this study revealed that brand-related initiatives are redundant, but forging unique customer experiences is indispensable. Our program recommendations aim to guide policymakers and entrepreneurs in following these identified factors. Finally, our findings in Malaysia may be useful for small and medium tourism accommodations businesses in other developing countries.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 35-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship; small businesses; small and medium enterprises; developing countries; travel and tourism; branding orientation; entrepreneurial orientation; customer orientation; knowledge creation process; performance; structural equation modelling; analysis of moment structures; Malaysia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91447
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:1:p:35-67

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Celestin Mayombe
Author-X-Name-First: Celestin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayombe
Title: Linking adult education and training to small and micro-enterprise promotion policies and institutions for self-employment in South Africa
Abstract:
The article investigates the relationship between the small and micro-enterprise (SME) promotion policies and institutions, and the practice in adult education and training (AET) programs for self-employment in South Africa. The concern that informed this article is that adults who face long-term unemployment remain unemployed after completing the AET programs. The findings reveal that linkages of AET programs to SME promotion policies and institutions are not effective in providing post-training support for micro-enterprises of graduates because centre managers and trainers have inadequate knowledge of the policies and the respective custodian institutions, and they are poorly informed about the application processes. The author concludes that without linking the AET programs to SME promotion policies and institutions for self-employment, graduates will continue finding it difficult to be integrated into the labour market which perpetuates unemployment and chronic poverty in South Africa.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 20-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: adult training; self-employment; micro-enterprise; post-training support; South Africa; adult education; business skills; micro-enterprise; enabling environments.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91448
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:1:p:20-34

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Kee
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Kee
Title: Ascetic entrepreneurs: an elite prosopography
Abstract:
&lt;i&gt;Asceticism&lt;/i&gt; has been advanced as a contributing factor to successful entrepreneurship. This paper reflects the testing of this construct with a prosopographical case study of six elite entrepreneurs. Bridging three centuries of new entry creation of sustained growth, this study verifies that asceticism is an appropriate explanatory mechanism and ethical standard for start-up viability and entrepreneurial success.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 68-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: asceticism; entrepreneurial orientation; ethics; Max Weber; Protestant work ethic; PWE; prosopography; Asa Candler; Hans Wilsdorf; Sam Walton; Ingvar Kamprad; Bill Marriott; Truett Cathy.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91450
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:1:p:68-91

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariana Brandão
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana
Author-X-Name-Last: Brandão
Author-Name: Gabriel Marcuzzo Do Canto Cavalheiro
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Marcuzzo Do Canto
Author-X-Name-Last: Cavalheiro
Author-Name: Luiz Antonio Joia
Author-X-Name-First: Luiz Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Joia
Title: Examining a Brazilian internet start-up from a knowing organisation perspective: the case of Cuponeria
Abstract:
This paper explores the dynamics of the process of developing an entrepreneurial opportunity in a developing country, namely in Brazil. This process is analysed using the 'knowing organisation' framework, which postulates that learning and innovation in organisations result from managing the processes of sensemaking, knowledge creation, and decision-making holistically. Therefore, this article seeks to contribute to filling a knowledge gap in the management literature using empirical evidence on the growth process of a business venture offering online discount coupons in Brazil. It also attempts to understand the role of context in the entrepreneurial process associated with the launch of an internet-based service in a developing country. It became clear that the knowledge creation process focused on filling perceived gaps and involved both expanding non-traditional capabilities within the organisation, as well as acquiring expertise from outside the boundaries of the organisation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 92-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship; start-up; knowledge management; developing country; service; new venture; technology; opportunity development; online coupons; knowledge creation; networks; Brazil.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91453
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:1:p:92-111

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ville-Veikko Piispanen
Author-X-Name-First: Ville-Veikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Piispanen
Author-Name: Kaarlo J. Paloniemi
Author-X-Name-First: Kaarlo J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Paloniemi
Author-Name: Jaakko Simonen
Author-X-Name-First: Jaakko
Author-X-Name-Last: Simonen
Title: Qualities of the growth-oriented entrepreneur
Abstract:
This article focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurs' human capital and business competences and their growth orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Previous research has acknowledged that growth orientation is important in creating and developing a business. However, the research has been inconsistent and limited. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the qualities of the entrepreneur and investigate the role of growth orientation. Probit model analysis of our survey data shows that extensive experience as an entrepreneur-manager seems to decrease entrepreneurs' growth orientation. On the other hand, entrepreneurs' age, level of education and expectations of the industry's growth potentials have a positive influence on their growth orientation. Our findings reveal the factors that entrepreneurs themselves see as important for their growth orientation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 112-130
Issue: 1
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneur; growth orientation; human capital; HC; business competences; small and medium-sized enterprises; SME; probit model.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=91454
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:1:p:112-130

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lovanirina Ramboarison-Lalao
Author-X-Name-First: Lovanirina
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramboarison-Lalao
Author-Name: Albert Lwango
Author-X-Name-First: Albert
Author-X-Name-Last: Lwango
Author-Name: François-Régis Lenoir
Author-X-Name-First: François-Régis
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenoir
Title: Barriers and key success factors in the transgenerational transmission of family farm businesses in the French context: 'theory of hypertrophy vs. equilibrium of life spheres' proposition
Abstract:
Our qualitative study explores the barriers and key success factors in the transgenerational transmission of family business farms within the French context. On the one hand, the life stories of the 26 French farm owners in our sample indicate an over-cumbersome professional sphere. This leads some farmers to neglect their personal sphere of life, which in turn has a negative impact on the potential for transmission. The single lifestyle of many French farmers today is one of the main factors compromising family farm business transmission. In addition, most farmers' children appear to want less tiresome and better paid jobs, again reducing the chances of transmission. On the other hand, our findings suggest that the more dynamic the life sphere of farmers, the greater the likelihood of family business transmission. We subsequently discuss the implications of the &lt;i&gt;theory of hypertrophy vs. equilibrium of life spheres&lt;/i&gt; proposition derived from our insights.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 131-147
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: business transmission; transgenerational continuity; barriers and key success; life spheres; farmers; hypertrophy versus equilibrium.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92023
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:131-147

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rahayu Tasnim
Author-X-Name-First: Rahayu
Author-X-Name-Last: Tasnim
Author-Name: Nomahaza Mahadi
Author-X-Name-First: Nomahaza
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahadi
Author-Name: Harcharanjit Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Harcharanjit
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Author-Name: Roselina Ahmad Saufi
Author-X-Name-First: Roselina Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Saufi
Title: Profiling entrepreneurial commitment across cultures: a Malaysian perspective
Abstract:
Is it true that certain cultures are known to illustrate higher levels of commitment to their businesses, hence complimented for their entrepreneurial triumph? And does this mean that certain cultures behave less committed to their businesses, occasioning lower entrepreneurial success? This pioneering study acknowledges the possibility of measuring entrepreneurial commitment, and seeks to characterise the psychological construct of 'commitment' in entrepreneurs across three major cultures in Malaysia &#45; Malays, Chinese and Indians. The entrepreneurial commitment model was applied using the PLS-MGA approach to analyse the changes in the magnitude of commitment across all three cultures. Changes in the magnitude of affective, normative and continuous commitments were detected, portraying the uniqueness of certain components of commitment to certain cultures. A change in the magnitude of total entrepreneurial commitment was also seen, with the Chinese illustrating the highest, while both the Malays and Indians sharing similar levels. What this study puts forward signals the importance of acknowledging the fact that entrepreneurial commitment is measurable and that it can be profiled accordingly.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 148-168
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurial commitment; entrepreneurship and culture; Malaysian entrepreneurs; PLS-multi-group analysis; PLS-MGA; Malaysia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92024
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:148-168

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tefera Darge Delbiso
Author-X-Name-First: Tefera Darge
Author-X-Name-Last: Delbiso
Author-Name: Fekadu Nigussie Deresse
Author-X-Name-First: Fekadu Nigussie
Author-X-Name-Last: Deresse
Author-Name: Addisalem Ambaye Tadesse
Author-X-Name-First: Addisalem Ambaye
Author-X-Name-Last: Tadesse
Author-Name: Befekadu Bezabih Kidane
Author-X-Name-First: Befekadu Bezabih
Author-X-Name-Last: Kidane
Author-Name: Germán Guido Calfat
Author-X-Name-First: Germán Guido
Author-X-Name-Last: Calfat
Title: Informal sector and urban unemployment: small businesses contribution to large livelihood improvements
Abstract:
Based on quantitative data collected from 450 informal sector operators and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, this study assesses the improvement in the livelihood of informal sector operators. Our findings show that the majority of operators (about 90%) have improved their livelihood. Operators who are native, educated, experienced, profitable, and economical are more likely to improve their livelihood than their counterparts. However, operators face challenges such as a shortage of working capital, lack of working premises, shortage of raw materials, and narrow local market base. Given the considerable impact of the informal sector on the livelihood of the operators, the government needs to seriously consider the role of the informal sector in combating growing urban unemployment.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 169-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: informal sector; livelihood improvement; small business; urban unemployment; Ethiopia.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92025
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:169-182

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cândido Borges
Author-X-Name-First: Cândido
Author-X-Name-Last: Borges
Author-Name: Éder Danilo Bezerra
Author-X-Name-First: Éder Danilo
Author-X-Name-Last: Bezerra
Author-Name: Glessia Silva
Author-X-Name-First: Glessia
Author-X-Name-Last: Silva
Author-Name: Tales Andreassi
Author-X-Name-First: Tales
Author-X-Name-Last: Andreassi
Author-Name: Vicente Da Rocha Ferreira
Author-X-Name-First: Vicente Da Rocha
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira
Title: Entrepreneurship policy in Brazil: its focus and gaps
Abstract:
This article presents an overview of public entrepreneurship policies in Brazil, and categorises them according to a model with eight types of entrepreneurship policy. In doing so, documents on public entrepreneurship policies on the websites of the 39 ministries, departments and agencies of the federal government were consulted. The results showed that public entrepreneurship policies in Brazil focus more on maintaining existing businesses, with finance policies and support for entrepreneurial, technological and innovation policies. However, few policies directly contribute to increasing the number of entrepreneurs in Brazil. These would include policies for the reduction of entry and exit barriers and policies on improving public infrastructure. It was also found that there are few policies on the promotion of entrepreneurship culture and education, which are essential if entrepreneurship is to be seen by more people as a career option.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 183-203
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: public policy; entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship policy; small businesses; small- and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; Brazil.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92026
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:183-203

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mario Situm
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Situm
Author-Name: Stefan Märk
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Märk
Title: The succession process from the perspective of financial institutions: a focused view on external vs. internal succession
Abstract:
Financial institutions remain the backbone of the European financial market. Their core business is the receipt of compensation for lending money to companies. However, the decision to lend is not the result of a simple process. Different types of risk have to be considered, in particular for family businesses. This paper approaches analysis of this topic in an interesting new way: combining aspects of financial theory and associated risks with the various types of internal and external succession. Financial institutions were asked to share their preferences concerning internal and external succession across a range of different associated issues. This paper provides the results of this financial institution survey as well as a comparison to existing literature. It also includes the applied combination of crises in family businesses with their succession process, moving towards an idea to determine an optimal moment for succession. Indeed, this optimal moment could be connected to recognised financial theories currently in existence.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 204-232
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: financial institutions; management buy-out/management buy-in; MBO/MBI; family business; succession process.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92027
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:204-232

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mbonu Chikwelu
Author-X-Name-First: Mbonu
Author-X-Name-Last: Chikwelu
Author-Name: Hari Shanker Shyam
Author-X-Name-First: Hari Shanker
Author-X-Name-Last: Shyam
Author-Name: Milindo Chakrabarti
Author-X-Name-First: Milindo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakrabarti
Title: Comparative analysis of managerial and entrepreneurial firms of Nigeria using entrepreneurship and knowledge capital
Abstract:
The shift from the managed to entrepreneurial economy in the developed western economies featured the importance of small entrepreneurial firms in economic growth. The entrepreneurial economy featured the relevance of knowledge capital and entrepreneurship capital at both the micro and macro levels of the economy as the most innovative countries and industries are the ones with greatest investment in research and development. It becomes imperative to observe these variables at the firm level in a developing country like Nigeria that is searching for solution for economic diversification. Developing countries features a mix managed entrepreneurial model showing that both large managerial and small entrepreneurial firms are relevant to the economy. Questionnaire and unstructured interview were used to gather data from the two types of firms. The data were analysed using Excel and SPSS software and the hypotheses tested with T-test. The result reveals that the small entrepreneurial firms have fared better than the large managerial firms and so are the hope of country's potential for economic diversification and economic democracy. Triple helix approach is bound to increase the levels of knowledge and entrepreneurship capital in these firms.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 233-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: managerial firms; entrepreneurial firms; knowledge capital; entrepreneurship capital; economic diversification; Nigeria.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92028
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:233-248

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naziruddin Abdullah
Author-X-Name-First: Naziruddin
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullah
Author-Name: Noor Ul Hadi
Author-X-Name-First: Noor Ul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hadi
Author-Name: Léo-Paul Dana
Author-X-Name-First: Léo-Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Dana
Title: The nexus between entrepreneur skills and successful business: a decompositional analysis
Abstract:
Entrepreneurship, which then began as a concept in 1700s, has now become a buzzword. Specifically, the concept has been practically spread over all sectors of the economy, and across countries and regions; Pakistan is not an exception. Today, although the notion of entrepreneurship is more or less understandable, the measurement is not. Equally true, what impact the entrepreneurship skills has on business success is not widely known, let alone empirically measured. It is for this reason the present study is conducted. The results obtained in this study lead to a number of implications; policy, theoretical and empirical. In relation to policy, marble manufacturing units depend on entrepreneur skills; top among which is the resiliency skill. Second, in reference to theoretical and empirical, the results of this study have contributed to the advancement of theory and understanding of entrepreneurship, as well as provided empirical evidence to support the theory at large.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 249-265
Issue: 2
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: marble manufacturing industry; Pakistan; entrepreneur skills; success.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92029
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:2:p:249-265

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eli Gimmon
Author-X-Name-First: Eli
Author-X-Name-Last: Gimmon
Author-Name: Ronit Yitshaki
Author-X-Name-First: Ronit
Author-X-Name-Last: Yitshaki
Author-Name: Shira Hantman
Author-X-Name-First: Shira
Author-X-Name-Last: Hantman
Title: Entrepreneurship in the third age: retirees' motivation and intentions
Abstract:
This exploratory study of motivation for entrepreneurship in later life extends the concept of active aging which in recent decades has attracted growing research attention in contemporary gerontology. Motivation of older adults toward entrepreneurship has been underexplored. Previous research shows mixed results regarding the effect of pull and push factors on entrepreneurial intentions. We employed a mixed methods approach while data was collected from a homogeneous cohort of retirees. Findings indicate that older adults' motivation to become entrepreneurs is centred mainly on pull factors such as self-fulfilment, increasing personal well-being, self-realisation and enhancing personal interests. Older adults may consider becoming entrepreneurs as part of their 'active aging' perceptions. These findings have implications for designated training programs for older adults that aim to promote their motivation and foster their skills to launch entrepreneurial activities. Highlights: 1) this research extends the concept of active aging by applying it to entrepreneurship; 2) entrepreneurs' in the third age are motivated by pull factors; 3) a process model of specific Gero-pull and Gero-push factors was developed; 4) we suggest an entrepreneurship training program designated for older people.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 267-288
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: active aging; entrepreneurial motivation; entrepreneurial intentions; older adults' education.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92743
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:267-288

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramo Palalic
Author-X-Name-First: Ramo
Author-X-Name-Last: Palalic
Author-Name: Benjamin Durakovic
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Durakovic
Title: Does transformational leadership matter in gazelles and mice: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to examine gazelles and mice, their transformational leadership style level and its relationship with business performance. The study is a quantitative approach based on survey data collected from business owners and CEOs across Bosnia and Herzegovina. The quantitative results show that gazelles apply more transformational leadership compared to mice. In the long term, we suggest gazelles to improve transformational leadership styles in order to maintain their growth and development. Leaders of mice should be aware that transformational leadership can influence their transformation into gazelles if it is fully implemented. Both gazelles and mice should work on intellectual stimulation that can create and produce proactiveness in the long term, giving them more strength and synergy for being a first mover in the market. The research also draws implications for managers and business owners regarding transformational leadership's effect in creating a growth model for mice to reach gazelles level, while simultaneously suggesting how gazelles should behave in order to retain their current title. This is the first empirical research that examines transformational leadership style's effect on business performance in gazelles and mice.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 289-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: gazelles; mice; transformational leadership; business performance; SMEs; Bosnia and Herzegovina; B%H.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92744
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:289-308

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Swati Panda
Author-X-Name-First: Swati
Author-X-Name-Last: Panda
Title: Adequacy of agency theory in explaining the venture capitalist-entrepreneur relationship: a firm life-cycle perspective
Abstract:
This paper explores the adequacy of agency theory in explaining the venture capitalist (VC)-entrepreneur relationship through a firm life-cycle perspective. The findings indicate that advanced stage relationships suffer severely from agency risks while early stage relationships are less affected. The findings have important theoretical implications, as they propose boundary conditions along which agency theory can be applied to the VC-entrepreneur relationship. VCs and entrepreneurs can utilise the recommendations for better decision making, leading to an improved working relationship.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 309-329
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: agency theory; entrepreneurship; India; information asymmetry; goal incongruence; venture capital.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92745
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:309-329

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philippe Giuliani
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Giuliani
Author-Name: Marc Robert
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Robert
Author-Name: Frédéric Le Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Frédéric Le
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Title: Reinvention of management innovation for successful implementation
Abstract:
This paper's primary aim is to show how a management innovation is implemented due to the creation of another new management innovation through an endogenous process. We call this process the 'reinvention' of a management innovation. Building on management innovation implementation literature, we elaborate a theoretical framework that details the endogenous mechanisms through which the implementation phase of a management innovation can be the foundation of another management innovation. A management innovation's adoption does not necessarily require its adaptation. Adopting a management innovation may lead to the generation of another management innovation in order to successfully implement the first management innovation. We use the term 'reinvention' when a management innovation is generated through an endogenous process. We used an exploratory method based on a qualitative and longitudinal case research study. The present paper contributes to the understanding of emergence and implementation process of management innovations.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 343-361
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: management innovation; implementation; multinational company; reinvention.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92747
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:343-361

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:  Istiqomah
Author-X-Name-First: 
Author-X-Name-Last: Istiqomah
Author-Name: Wiwiek Rabiatul Adawiyah
Author-X-Name-First: Wiwiek Rabiatul
Author-X-Name-Last: Adawiyah
Title: Development of rural group entrepreneurship in Indonesia: benefits, problems, and challenges
Abstract:
Rural entrepreneurship especially for women has been imperative because various entrepreneurial activities have empowered them in social, economic and cultural fields. The strategy of using group to foster rural entrepreneurship has been appealing for development planners and donors. With such a spirit, Bank Indonesia in collaboration with the village authority has developed a women business group in Papringan Village, Banyumas District, Central Java through the provision of trainings, production tools, a gallery, and support to participate in trade fairs. Using interviews as the main data collection, this paper presents the lessons learned from this initiative particularly from three aspects: benefits as members perceive, problems and ways to deal with them, and challenges facing the group in the future. The results show the following findings: a) equal level of skills or complementary skills among members could be an important aspect to develop group entrepreneurship; b) providing gradual victory could be important to retain and motivate members; c) member recruitment should consider their motive. Because the supervision will soon come to an end, the mission of the group should be clearly defined whether it serves as a business entity or a business incubator for villagers who want to learn to be entrepreneurs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 330-342
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: rural development; rural entrepreneurship; group entrepreneurship; female entrepreneurship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92748
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:330-342

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul P. Daulerio <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
Author-X-Name-First: Paul P. Daulerio
Author-X-Name-Last: <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
Title: Intrinsic entrepreneurial motivation factors: gender differences
Abstract:
In the last two decades the growth in female-owned entrepreneurial ventures has accelerated dramatically. Despite this, there is sparse research regarding gender differences in key intrinsic entrepreneurial motivation factors. This paper adds to the extant literature regarding this topic in the context of the post-2007/2008 US economic recession. I examine each of the three most often cited intrinsic entrepreneurial motivation factors, i.e.: 1) challenge and achievement focus; 2) acceptance, appreciation, and self-esteem; 3) self-fulfilment and creative outlet. My findings suggest that these key intrinsic entrepreneurial motivation factors are stronger for female entrepreneurs than male entrepreneurs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 362-380
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurial motivation factors; female entrepreneurs; entrepreneurial venture importance; intrinsic motivation factors; challenge; achievement; acceptance; appreciation; self-esteem; self-fulfilment; creative outlet; US recession; male entrepreneurs; small business job creation.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92751
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:362-380

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howard H. Frederick
Author-X-Name-First: Howard H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Frederick
Title: The emergence of biosphere entrepreneurship: are social and business entrepreneurship obsolete?
Abstract:
This article combines entrepreneurship, economics and sustainability to build a new theory of biosphere entrepreneurship. Going beyond business and social entrepreneurship, which add value to economic and social spheres, respectively, biosphere entrepreneurship adds value to the biosphere. The purpose of this article is to define biosphere entrepreneurship, and to devise and extend mental models (frameworks) relating entrepreneurship and climate change in order to facilitate theory building. Using images and visual depictions, the article elaborates a series of illustrative candidate frameworks that suggest a theoretical model of biosphere entrepreneurship. The article aims to show how the Earth, humanity, and the economy are connected through negative and positive entrepreneurship. It extends extant frameworks from the fields of financial and capital, entrepreneurial allocation, risk and survival, value and disvalue creation, growth and de-growth, socio-cultural frameworks, and entrepreneurial opportunity in order to substantiate the existence of entrepreneurial activity that adds value to Earth. The article concludes with implications for entrepreneurship education. What should educators be doing to help our young entrepreneurs come to grips with existential and catastrophic risks to the planet? (Includes 11 colour figures)
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 381-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: value creation; opportunity recognition; entrepreneurship; development; biosphere; social entrepreneurship; business entrepreneurship; climate change; sustainable development; economic growth; small business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=92785
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Open Access
Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:3:p:381-419

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Badih Arnaout
Author-X-Name-First: Badih
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnaout
Author-Name: Mark Esposito
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Esposito
Title: The value of communication in turbulent environments: how SMEs manage change successfully in unstable surroundings
Abstract:
Few studies exist on how communication influences the successful implementation of change initiatives in SMEs experiencing turbulent environments. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by exploring a case study where managerial communication skills influence the ability to manage change successfully in a turbulent environment. A detailed case study approach is used to describe the particular ways management uses communication to effect change while experiencing a very unstable turbulent environment. This research proposes a model where communication at its centre is the means by which conceptualisation changes the process as it relates to the implementation of change initiatives in a turbulent environment. Communication is the prominent component to the successful implementation of change initiatives in turbulent environments. In other words, without the communication element, successful implementation of change in a turbulent environment is very questionable. The findings of this research point to the importance of communication as a key linking all pieces of the model together in order for SMEs to manage change successfully under environmental turbulences. Therefore, if one fails in one's communication attempts, one's change implementation will fail.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 500-515
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: change management; SME; entrepreneurship; organisational change; environmental turbulences; communication.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93576
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:500-515

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ehsan Soltanifar
Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan
Author-X-Name-Last: Soltanifar
Author-Name: Peyman Ajdari
Author-X-Name-First: Peyman
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajdari
Author-Name: Manochehr Ansari
Author-X-Name-First: Manochehr
Author-X-Name-Last: Ansari
Title: Mapping of international opportunity recognition among foreign SMEs in Iran: from a theoretical analysis to an empirical perspective
Abstract:
This paper is aimed to make a detailed comparison among international opportunity recognition (IOR) profiles of foreign small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iran including four specific countries. After undertaking a literature review, we have conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with SMEs from different industries which focused on Iranian markets in their IOR. Using matrix approach for data display and condensation, this analysis extracted main themes from practitioners' responses by discussion based on literature, and led to a set of IOR profiles divided by each country's practice. The research indicated that most of SMEs commence their OR process by attending fairs or outgoing delegations and continue different routes based on their industrial, cultural and networking components grouped into six factors. The method we have developed for IOR-mapping could help international business scholars to analyse and compare practitioners' situation with others and it also facilitates IOR initiatives locally and globally.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 516-541
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: international opportunity recognition; IOR; profiling and mapping; Iran; international entrepreneurship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93577
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:516-541

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Byoungho Jin
Author-X-Name-First: Byoungho
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin
Author-Name: Bharath Ramkumar
Author-X-Name-First: Bharath
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramkumar
Author-Name: Wendy Hsiao-Chun Chou
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Hsiao-Chun
Author-X-Name-Last: Chou
Title: Identifying sources and roles of networks in international expansion among small businesses in a less-technology-intensive industry
Abstract:
The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine how small businesses in a less-technology-intensive industry gain and utilise networks strategically to facilitate their internationalisation process. Using a multiple case study method, this study found that small businesses in a less-technology-intensive industry gain networks through business consultants, fans and friends (personal networks), government institutions, diaspora, embassies and trade fairs. These network sources are strategically utilised in various stages of the internationalisation process such as gaining knowledge about a new market (before foreign market entry), assisting in marketing and promotional activities (after foreign market entry) and connecting with international partners (both before and after foreign market entry). This study extended the networking approach of internationalisation theory to a less-technology-intensive industry, by identifying network sources and linking these to their specific roles in the internationalisation process of small businesses. Small businesses can learn from the findings of this study on how to expand their existing networks in today's global marketplace and gain a competitive advantage. The unique sources of networks identified in this study may be valuable to small businesses in the less-technology-intensive and highly consumer-driven industries.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 421-444
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: small business; networking; internationalisation; global; consultant; case study; less-technology-intensive; apparel and related industry.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93599
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:421-444

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marina Dabić
Author-X-Name-First: Marina
Author-X-Name-Last: Dabić
Author-Name: Barbara Unković
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Unković
Author-Name: Ivan Novak
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Novak
Title: Photography as visual learning tool in entrepreneurial education
Abstract:
We live in an age of pervasive visual imagery all around us there are arguments that a more focused toward visually oriented educational system is needed which should build pathways on 'visual literacy'. By analysing, interpreting and debating the content of photographs the theoretical or conceptual development is facilitated. The visual learning tool presents a starting point for further research on visual tools and their impact on the subsequent performance of students in non-business and business entrepreneurship courses. The tool tailors professional settings that require high visual decoding skill and visual information acquisition and encourages higher education system to produce multiliterate graduates able to get along in the volatile global environment.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 445-459
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurial education; photography; visual tools.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93600
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:445-459

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yolanda Sarason
Author-X-Name-First: Yolanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarason
Author-Name: Michael Conger
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Conger
Title: Ontologies and epistemologies in 'knowing' the nexus in entrepreneurship: burning rice hay and tracking elephants
Abstract:
The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship has been defined as the nexus of the entrepreneur and opportunities. We argue that this definition, as well as dominant research in entrepreneurship, is rooted in a Western perspective situated in market-based economies. In order to further the understanding of the dominant assumptions of the &lt;i&gt;nature&lt;/i&gt; of the nexus (ontology) and our &lt;i&gt;understanding&lt;/i&gt; of the nexus (epistemology), we interpret and reinterpret a case of an entrepreneurial venture in Vietnam. We propose that a multi-paradigm analysis in entrepreneurship will yield insights that are applicable to a more global perspective of entrepreneurship.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 460-479
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: international entrepreneurship; entrepreneur opportunity nexus; philosophy of science; ontology; epistemology.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93602
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:460-479

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamid Etemad
Author-X-Name-First: Hamid
Author-X-Name-Last: Etemad
Author-Name: Christian Keen
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Keen
Title: Managing rapid change and rapid-growth in emerging industries
Abstract:
Increasingly, competitiveness is not an option for firms that seek to survive and grow in the interconnected world. Countries and industries are facing an unprecedented change in their business structures with new young and dynamic firms reshaping old business models as smaller firms are internationalising successfully. They are not only entering developed economies; but also in emerging economies due to globalisation, removal of barriers and open-trade policies. At home, they are becoming the drivers of jobs and wealth creation and innovation. We posit that emerging industries are also affected as rapidly-growing enterprises (RGEs) change and challenge industry's operating environments. In developed economies RGEs are dynamic, take advantage of newly-emerging or fragmented markets to deliver higher values in spite of their constrained resources. In the emerging economies, the dynamism and liberalisation of international markets are changing the relative values of resources and increasing the importance of becoming a learning organisation for which RGEs offer an excellent model. The paper presents a theoretically based framework to facilitate and guide the transition. A discussion in the conclusions explores implications and suggests public policy recommendations.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 480-499
Issue: 4
Volume: 34
Year: 2018
Keywords: competitiveness; entrepreneurial mindset; international networks; internationalisation; learning organisations; rapidly-growing enterprises; RGEs.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=93603
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:480-499

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cláudia P. Ribau
Author-X-Name-First: Cláudia P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ribau
Author-Name: António C. Moreira
Author-X-Name-First: António C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Moreira
Author-Name: Mário Raposo
Author-X-Name-First: Mário
Author-X-Name-Last: Raposo
Title: Categorising the internationalisation of SMEs with social network analysis
Abstract:
This paper analyses the internationalisation of SMEs highlighting the importance of social network analysis (SNA) to display the main categories involved in SME internationalisation research. Methodologically, the paper uses a systematic review of the literature as a departure point to select the main papers on the internationalisation of SMEs and uses SNA to illustrate the main categories that have been used by researchers to identify how sectoral studies (manufacturing vs. service firms and single vs. multiple industry) have evolved and to identify the geographical origins of the papers carried out on SME internationalisation. This study is useful for researchers and academic community alike as it embeds the three main categories found (internationalisation theories, international strategy and performance) using SNA methodology.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 57-80
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: SME; internationalisation; literature review; social network analysis; SNA.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94264
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:57-80

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rohit Prabhudesai
Author-X-Name-First: Rohit
Author-X-Name-Last: Prabhudesai
Author-Name: Ch.V.V.S.N.V. Prasad
Author-X-Name-First: Ch.V.V.S.N.V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Prasad
Title: Understanding the international strategic alliances of SMEs: a case-study approach
Abstract:
As foreign firms and local SMEs in a market differ in their resources and sizes, the dynamics of strategic alliances formed between them are markedly different from the other types of cooperative ventures. Despite this, the extant literature has largely ignored the domain of SME international alliances and has focused mainly on the international alliances of large firms. The objective of this paper is to bridge this theoretical gap and provide integrated insights on the three domains of SME international alliances &#45; formation, management and performance outcomes. To do so, the authors undertake case studies of four Indian SMEs in the manufacturing sector which have formed international alliances. Findings indicate that SMEs exhibit similarity across the three domains in their international alliances. The paper provides important research as well as practical implications.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 102-125
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: strategic alliance; international strategic alliance; small and medium enterprise alliance; SME alliance; SME international alliance; SME governance; trust; commitment; SME performance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94272
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:102-125

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Florence Guiliani
Author-X-Name-First: Florence
Author-X-Name-Last: Guiliani
Author-Name: Olivier Torrès
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Torrès
Title: Entrepreneurship: an insomniac discipline? An empirical study on SME owners/directors
Abstract:
The aim of this article is to highlight an area rarely addressed: the sleep patterns of SME owners. We are all aware of the importance of sleep for one's health, but sleep remains an under-investigated subject. The sleep patterns of SME owners/directors and their impact on alertness are therefore worthy of investigation. We draw on three complementary sleep assessment tools: the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, the Epworth sleepiness scale and the fatigue severity scale. We reveal our initial results based on these tools and emphasise the need to go further by comparing these tools to problems rooted in entrepreneurship.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 81-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: small and medium enterprises; owners/directors; sleep patterns.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94273
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:81-101

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anass Mawadia
Author-X-Name-First: Anass
Author-X-Name-Last: Mawadia
Author-Name: Ariel Eggrickx
Author-X-Name-First: Ariel
Author-X-Name-Last: Eggrickx
Author-Name: Philippe Chapellier
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Chapellier
Title: Integrated software deployment and management innovation: a bricolage perspective
Abstract:
This paper examines the relationship between management innovation (MI) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems deployment in the context of small subsidiaries of an intermediate size enterprise (ISE). In these small enterprises, embedded locally, the resources are limited and the necessity of doing with the means at hand while respecting the rules and directives of the group is important. The results of our intervention research show the existence of several forms and practices of bricolage (tinkering) present at several levels: intra-affiliates, inter-affiliates and group. This research shows the complementarity between both technology innovation (TI) and MI which lead to continuously improve the technology and management practices. The MI and TI co-evolution within the ISE and its subsidiaries, stimulated by the multilevel bricolage approach, allows the continuous improvement of the 'core model' and generates a competitive advantage.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 1-26
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: management innovation; technology innovation; small subsidiaries; ISE context; ERP deployment; bricolage; co-evolution; core model.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94274
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:1-26

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agnès Mazars-Chapelon
Author-X-Name-First: Agnès
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazars-Chapelon
Author-Name: Philippe Chapellier
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Chapellier
Author-Name: Sophie Mignon
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Mignon
Title: The generation of management innovation in microentreprises: absorptive capacity and entrepreneur-CPA relationship
Abstract:
In microentreprises, considering the management knowledge basis of the entrepreneur, the generation of management innovation (MI) is a crucial question. In this qualitative case study of a microentreprise, we follow Mol and Birkinshaw (2014) who claimed for research on MI generation, highlighting &#34;how relations with external and internal partners can deliver knowledge&#34; (2009). We focus on the entrepreneur-CPA relationship to study how the relationship between the CPA as an external change actor and the entrepreneur as an internal change actor can be a lever of MI generation in microentreprises. More particularly, we aim at understanding how the external CPA knowledge can be internalised by the entrepreneur in microentreprises through the acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation of knowledge. And more particularly, we propose to highlight the key drivers of the generation of MI in microentreprises through the study of the process by which a potential ACAP becomes realised (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990; Lane et al., 2006; Gebauer et al., 2012; Marabelli and Newell, 2014).
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 27-43
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: management innovation; absorptive capacity; microentreprise; relationship; CPA; entrepreneur.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94275
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:27-43

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanay Farja
Author-X-Name-First: Yanay
Author-X-Name-Last: Farja
Author-Name: Eli Gimmon
Author-X-Name-First: Eli
Author-X-Name-Last: Gimmon
Author-Name: Zeev Greenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Zeev
Author-X-Name-Last: Greenberg
Title: Growth constraints and management consulting: the case of SMEs in peripheral regions
Abstract:
This study explores the factors that cause differences in employment growth between young SMEs in core urban and peripheral regions and whether the uneven distribution of resources requires peripheral firms to draw on management consulting to achieve growth. We applied a mixed methods approach that included a quantitative study of 155 Israeli new ventures and ten in-depth interviews with experts from academia and experienced practitioners. Regression analysis results show that management consulting was beneficial for SMEs growth only for those located in peripheral regions. SMEs funded by money from family members grew less than the other firms. The economic development of peripheral areas needs to be carried out by providing potential business owners with two resources that are scarcer in these areas: funding and knowledge.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 126-141
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: peripheral development; firm growth; management consulting; early-stage financing; SMEs.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94276
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:126-141

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frédéric Le Roy
Author-X-Name-First: Frédéric Le
Author-X-Name-Last: Roy
Author-Name: Marc Robert
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Robert
Author-Name: Philippe Giuliani
Author-X-Name-First: Philippe
Author-X-Name-Last: Giuliani
Title: The concept of management innovation: definition, state of the art and future research avenues
Abstract:
The invention, implementation and diffusion of management innovation is a new research area. This paper identifies the main steps of development of this concept. By analysing the specificity of management innovation against other kinds of innovation, the authors adopt a historical overview to describe the slow recognition of this concept in the literature. They also identify the main drivers of management innovation, its impact on firm performance, question its role and determinants in non-profit organisations. This paper provides also instances from recent management practices within contemporary organisations.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 44-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: management innovation; invention; drivers; implementation; non-profit organisation; NPO; futures research.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94277
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:44-56

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asma Zaryab
Author-X-Name-First: Asma
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaryab
Author-Name: Usman Saeed
Author-X-Name-First: Usman
Author-X-Name-Last: Saeed
Title: Educating entrepreneurship: a tool to promote self employability
Abstract:
The academic institutions and universities are facing unprecedented challenges in establishing the structures that may provide students a medium for new startups. Recently, the perceptions have been changed, and universities are placing emphasis on academic as well as professional development of an entrepreneurial set of skills. This research aims to investigate the role of universities in fostering and developing the entrepreneurial intentions of students from different programs. Also, it confirms the effects of various educational programs in developing the entrepreneurial intentions of science, IT, engineering and management graduating students, empirically tested through the theory of planned behaviour.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 143-161
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions; entrepreneurship in education.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94963
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:143-161

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harvinder S. Mand
Author-X-Name-First: Harvinder S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mand
Author-Name: Meenakshi Atri
Author-X-Name-First: Meenakshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Atri
Author-Name: Amarjit Gill
Author-X-Name-First: Amarjit
Author-X-Name-Last: Gill
Title: Influence of unemployment and education on women's intentions to start e-entrepreneurship: evidence from Indian survey data
Abstract:
This study examines the influence of unemployment and education on women's intentions to start e-entrepreneurship. Female owners of e-businesses from India were surveyed regarding their perceptions of unemployment, education, and their intentions to start e-entrepreneurship. Findings suggest that unemployment and education positively influence women's intentions to start e-entrepreneurship in India. This study contributes to the literature on the factors that influence women's intentions to start e-entrepreneurship. The findings may be useful for investment advisors, Indian Government, and entrepreneurship consultants.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 203-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: e-entrepreneurship; unemployment; education; family size; India.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94964
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:203-219

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wilfred Isak April
Author-X-Name-First: Wilfred Isak
Author-X-Name-Last: April
Author-Name: Andrew Matonga
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Matonga
Title: Entrepreneurial orientation in Namibia: the Dolam community
Abstract:
This paper seeks to explore the various barriers expatriates faced in a large underdeveloped, yet, entrepreneurial community of Dolam in Windhoek, Namibia. It has been a very daunting task for the communities in Dolam in attaining entrepreneurial success since Namibian independence on 21st March 1990. This paper is built on the thesis that small businesses cannot grow or succeed unless they strive to be entrepreneurial and innovative. In addition, the paper explores the entrepreneurial orientation of expatriates in Dolam. In the past, expatriates have settled in numerous areas within Namibia and have seized business opportunities to establish their own enterprises, but growth of such start-ups has been limited or non-existent due to various limitations and challenges. This paper will further explore whether expatriates in Namibia are willing to take this as inherent and what factors could prevent their businesses from success. This research made use of questionnaires and face to face interviews to support its methodological approaches. This study revealed that expatriates in Namibia fared reasonably well on the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, but the policy implications need great improvement, if the country wishes to benefit from the skills and knowledge of these entrepreneurs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 187-202
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship; Dolam; expatriates; Katutura; Namibia; knowledge spillover; foreign direct investment; FDI; small business.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94966
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:187-202

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Fronzetti Colladon
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Fronzetti
Author-X-Name-Last: Colladon
Author-Name: Francesca Grippa
Author-X-Name-First: Francesca
Author-X-Name-Last: Grippa
Author-Name: Elisa Battistoni
Author-X-Name-First: Elisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Battistoni
Author-Name: Peter A. Gloor
Author-X-Name-First: Peter A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gloor
Author-Name: Agostino La Bella
Author-X-Name-First: Agostino La
Author-X-Name-Last: Bella
Title: What makes you popular: beauty, personality or intelligence?
Abstract:
This study explores the determinants of popularity within friendship and advice networks. We involved almost 200 college students in an experiment to predict how personality traits, self-monitoring, creativity, intelligence, energy, and beauty influence the development of friendship and advice networks. Our results indicate that physical attractiveness is a key to develop both friendship and task-related interactions, whereas perceived intelligence and creativity play an important role in the advice network. Our findings seem to support the idea that there might be a kernel of truth in the stereotype that attractiveness correlates with positive social traits and successful outcomes.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 162-186
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: advice network; friendship network; social networks; personality; intelligence; attractiveness; creativity; peer selection; peer influence.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94967
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:162-186

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Jijin Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Michael Jijin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Honghua Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Honghua
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Early growth states of small businesses in China: the business model perspective
Abstract:
In this study, we drew on the business model research and the stage theory of business growth to develop a five states model of how small businesses in China grow in their early existence. The model suggests that a Chinese small business may progress through five states of early growth, depending on the extent to which the business addresses the four fundamental issues in business value (for whom to create value, what value to create, how to create value, and how to capture value). To evaluate the validity of our model, we developed a survey instrument for assessing the five different growth states and collected the survey data from 100 small and micro businesses operating in the City of Changsha in China. A factor analysis of the survey data provided some initial evidence for the model structure.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 220-235
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: small businesses; entrepreneurship; business growth; business model; China.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94991
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:220-235

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenichi Ohkita
Author-X-Name-First: Kenichi
Author-X-Name-Last: Ohkita
Author-Name: Léo-Paul Dana
Author-X-Name-First: Léo-Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Dana
Title: The rise of inter-firm agreements in the Japanese video game industry
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to examine inter-firm agreements between small firms and a large well-established firm, focusing on agreements involving complementary products. The well-documented emergence of the Japanese home video game industry is sourced for stylised facts to contribute to literature about the nature of complementary inter-firm agreements. Findings reveal that these agreements between small firms and a large well-established firm can be truly symbiotic, allowing the small firm to build its own reputation and influence the market. Furthermore, the small firm benefits from the user base and core competency of the large firm through economies of scale, and the large firm benefits from the product variety of the small firms through economies of scope. The managerial implications of this paper offer value to both small and large firms in terms of what to look for and how to benefit from inter-firm relationships based on complementary products.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 236-256
Issue: 2
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: inter-firm agreements; complementary products; video game platform; emerging market; Nintendo.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=94997
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:236-256

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sophie Veilleux
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Veilleux
Author-Name: Nancy Haskell
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Haskell
Author-Name: Donald Béliveau
Author-X-Name-First: Donald
Author-X-Name-Last: Béliveau
Title: Profitable growth through international high-technology product and market development
Abstract:
This article seeks to answer the following question: how do firms adapt their technological innovations in a way that sustains profitable growth in global markets? The context examined is small and medium high-technology firms as they face the challenges of being young firms that must serve global markets with their limited resources. A multi-case exploratory study captures the product and market development processes during two phases of the growth cycle. The comparison of five start-up firms and five growth firms from Quebec City's photonics cluster (Canada) points to an error frequently made by start-up firms: spending too much time and money creating or adapting products for each initial customer. Growth firms, on the other hand, have built product platforms that respond to basic client needs. The results confirm the strategic role of mass customisation.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 408-427
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: technological innovation; mass customisation; MC; platform; internationalisation; growth; adaptation; product development; market development; small&#45; and medium-size firms; product family architecture; PFA.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95900
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:408-427

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julio Miguel Rosa
Author-X-Name-First: Julio Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosa
Author-Name: Daouda Sylla
Author-X-Name-First: Daouda
Author-X-Name-Last: Sylla
Title: A comparison of the performance of majority female-owned and majority male-owned small and medium-sized enterprises
Abstract:
This paper examines the impact of majority gender ownership on the following measures of enterprise performance: sales per employee, profit per employee, employment, innovation, ratio of authorised to requested debt financing and interest rate on debt financing. Using Statistics Canada's Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises waves of 2011 2014, as well as administrative data from Statistics Canada's Linkable File Environment, we find that gender affected all measures of enterprise performance in 2011, whereas only sales per employee and employment were affected in 2014. In 2011, majority female-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) had lower profit per employee than majority male-owned SMEs; they were more likely to be innovative than majority male-owned SMEs; they had lower ratio of authorised to requested debt financing than majority male-owned SMEs; and they also faced higher interest rate on debt financing than majority male-owned SMEs.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 282-302
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship; majority gender ownership; financial constraints; firm performance.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95901
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:282-302

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim Kastelle
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Kastelle
Author-Name: Sarah King
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Author-Name: Martie-Louise Verreynne
Author-X-Name-First: Martie-Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Verreynne
Author-Name: Peter Kambouris
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Kambouris
Title: Experiences using a science-based Lean LaunchPad program and its impact on national innovation system evolution
Abstract:
Innovation drives economic growth. At the level of countries, the national innovation system has a strong influence on the success of innovative activities within the region. However, it is often assumed that these systems evolve through policy innovation, in a top-down manner. This paper presents an exploratory case study of the introduction of a Lean LaunchPad program in Australia. It started as a small pilot then quickly grew to become a national program. The details of this case give insight into another way that innovation systems evolve: through an evolutionary process of variation, selection and replication.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 356-370
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: research commercialisation; lean start-up; technology transfer; national innovation system; NIS; Lean LaunchPad; entrepreneurship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95902
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:356-370

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fredrik W. Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Author-Name: Dan Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Author-Name: Johan Karlsson
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson
Author-Name: Magnus Lodefalk
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Lodefalk
Author-Name: Andreas Poldahl
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Poldahl
Title: Female top management in family firms and non-family firms: evidence from total population data
Abstract:
We exploit information on ownership, management and kinship to study the representation of women in top management teams in Swedish family and non-family firms among domiciled limited liability firms over the years 2004 to 2010. The share of female top managers is analysed across listed and non-listed firms as well as across industries. We then estimate the likelihood that a woman is elected into the top management team in family and non-family firms using a probit regression model where we control for firm- and individual-level characteristics, including the gender distribution of the firm and kinship relations to existing board members and firm owners. We find that non-listed family firms are more likely to appoint female top managers, whereas we find no differences among listed firms. Moreover, we find that the gender composition and kinship structures of firms influence the appointment of female top managers.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 303-326
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: female top management; family firm; family business; entrepreneurship; gender; gender equality; total population; executive board; chief executive officer; CEO; kinship.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95903
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:303-326

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John D. Chisholm
Author-X-Name-First: John D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chisholm
Title: Drones, dangerous animals and peeping Toms: impact of imposed vs. organic regulation on entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth
Abstract:
This paper categorises regulations of economies and societies as either &lt;i&gt;imposed&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;organic&lt;/i&gt;. Imposed regulations &#45; federal, state and local statutes, regulatory agency promulgations and executive orders &#45; rest on top of and interact with organic regulations &#45; social customs, markets, private agreements and common law. We show how organic regulation, with its many distributed control points (courts, markets and individuals) and near-continuous decision making (by individuals and judges), better reflects the complex systems nature of and more closely evolves with economies and societies. Imposed regulations offer efficiencies and uniformity, but their fewer, more-indirect design and control points (legislatures, agencies and officials) are less accountable and invite public-choice concerns unrelated or counter to public welfare. As a result, imposed regulations are more prone to error, corruption and unintended consequences and are less predictable long-term. Greater reliance on organic regulation correlates with greater entrepreneurship, innovation and long-term economic growth. We consider case studies of self-driving vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles ('drones') and conclude with recommendations for regulators, lawmakers and policy makers.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 428-451
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: law; regulation; complex systems; drones; entrepreneurship; innovation; economic growth; self-driving vehicles; unmanned aerial vehicles; technology; evolution; common law; public choice; unintended consequences; conflict resolution; regime uncertainty.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95904
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:428-451

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tae-Young Park
Author-X-Name-First: Tae-Young
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: Research on Korean female entrepreneurs for the last two decades: past trends and future opportunities
Abstract:
Korean female entrepreneurs have shown a dramatic increase from both quantity and quality perspectives, and studies have been dedicated to this topic for almost 20 years. However, it is hard to find any study reviewing the large body of research performed by Korean scholars for the last two decades on this topic. Therefore, this study aims at systematically reviewing previous studies in terms of three aspects: 1) bibliography; 2) methodology; 3) research focus, uncovering major issues with Korean studies and suggesting opportunities for future research. This study also shows how Korean female entrepreneurs have grown and what their characteristics are.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 327-355
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: female entrepreneurs; female-owned firms; review study; South Korea.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95905
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:327-355

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yusuke Hoshino
Author-X-Name-First: Yusuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoshino
Author-Name: Yoshiyuki Matsumura
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshiyuki
Author-X-Name-Last: Matsumura
Title: Approaching indirectly to complementors and taking neutral position in platform: exploratory research on the progression from a start-up to a platform leader
Abstract:
How does a small start-up become a platform leader from the viewpoint of inducing complementors? Previous researches on platform management seem to focus on platform design and the relationship between complementors and platform leaders. However, samples used in these researches are large, established leaders, and strategies for start-ups have not been studied in detail. From single case studies about the progression of a Japanese platform leader, we found that collaborations with organisations at the centre of networks are useful because: 1) these collaborations provide start-ups paths to complementors; 2) these collaborations enhance the trustworthiness of start-ups; 3) the higher the number of collaborations, the more neutral the position enjoyed by platform leaders, even as start-ups.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 266-281
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: start-up; entrepreneur; platform management; platform leader; complementor; inter-organisational relationship; neutrality; industry broker; business-to-business electronic marketplace.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95906
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:266-281

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annemarie Østergaard
Author-X-Name-First: Annemarie
Author-X-Name-Last: Østergaard
Author-Name: Svetla T. Marinova
Author-X-Name-First: Svetla T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marinova
Title: Human capital in the entrepreneurship ecosystem
Abstract:
Since Smith (1776) took consideration to human capital as an asset of economic value, academic interest has focused on the economic effects of human capital. In 1931, Schumpeter called for a focus on the individual entrepreneur or the creative destructor with his/her motives, wishes, aspirations and activities when dealing with entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. Along these lines, this paper focuses on an in-depth investigation of the domain of human capital in Isenberg's entrepreneurship ecosystem. It captures the entrepreneurial mindset of the highly complex individual as a requisite for entrepreneurial success and ultimately, for business growth and development. The increasing literature debating human capital confirms the relevance of locating and refining the factors for entrepreneurial success. Consequently, this paper improves the roadmap of entrepreneurship ecosystems by adding the innate skills and conceptualising four generic archetypes, the local entrepreneur, the global entrepreneur, the incremental entrepreneur, and the radical entrepreneur, based on the combination of short/long education and narrow/broad labour.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 371-390
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: human capital; entrepreneurship ecosystem; labour experience; education; success stories; archetypes; local entrepreneur; global entrepreneur; incremental entrepreneur; radical entrepreneur.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95907
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:371-390

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xue Han
Author-X-Name-First: Xue
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Author-Name: Jorge Niosi
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge
Author-X-Name-Last: Niosi
Title: The limited innovation of small businesses in the solar photovoltaic sector in the USA: is small business innovation research program such a boon for US small businesses?
Abstract:
Small business innovation research (SBIR) in the USA is heralded as a major program to support innovative new technologies by SMEs that will grow afterwards by selling products and services in the market. Instead we found, in the solar photovoltaic sector, that SMEs supported by the Department of Defense and National Aeronautics and Space Administration are mostly acting as internal services of these federal agencies: their products serve mainly, if not exclusively, these two defence-related organisations. Their future growth would thus be curtailed. The paper calls for a more accurate analysis of small business innovation research program and maybe other innovation policies.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 391-407
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: small business; solar; small business innovation research; SBIR; innovation; USA.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95908
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:391-407

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carolina Da Silveira Bueno
Author-X-Name-First: Carolina Da Silveira
Author-X-Name-Last: Bueno
Author-Name: José Maria Ferreira Jardim Da Silveira
Author-X-Name-First: José Maria Ferreira Jardim Da
Author-X-Name-Last: Silveira
Author-Name: Antonio Marcio Buainain
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Marcio
Author-X-Name-Last: Buainain
Title: Innovation, networks and the paradigm of biofuels
Abstract:
The production of renewable liquid biofuels has become a reality in a number of countries around the world, some of which focus on bioethanol, others on biodiesel. The motivation behind this text lies in the emergent character of technological platforms that arise from these traditional biofuel production platforms. The intensification of scientific collaboration, the greater complexity of areas surrounding collaboration and the elevated scientific content of patents related to biofuel and bioenergy are clearly detected when network methods are applied to knowledge products. The results suggest that it is possible to trace explanatory relationships between the institutional character of knowledge production and the innovations that are being produced in the field of bioenergy, as well as the consolidation of markets of technological inputs/services. The interrelationship between the traditional and innovative sectors clearly manifests in the dominance of the patenting process, determining the patterns of market concentration.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 452-484
Issue: 3
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: bionergy; biofuels; scientific collaboration; networks; patents; technological innovation; chemical platforms; bioeconomy; market concentration; public institutions; scientometrics; entrepreneurship; sugarcane; corn.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=95909
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:452-484

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arbia Chatmi
Author-X-Name-First: Arbia
Author-X-Name-Last: Chatmi
Author-Name: Karim Elasri
Author-X-Name-First: Karim
Author-X-Name-Last: Elasri
Title: Entrepreneurship and knowledge spillovers from FDI and exports concentration, diversification
Abstract:
The present paper addresses the effects of goods exports concentration/diversification, services exports concentration/diversification and inward FDI, which enables knowledge spillovers, on entrepreneurial activity that is business entry in a panel of 75 countries in 2004-2012. For economies at the efficiency-driven stage, entrepreneurial activity benefits from goods exports concentration, services exports diversification and inward FDI. For the economies at the innovation-driven stage, knowledge spillovers to business entry come from concentration in both goods exports and services exports. For the economies at the factor-driven stage, goods exports diversification and services exports concentration generate knowledge spillovers for the business entry.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 485-510
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship; exports; goods; services; countries; economic development.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96172
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:485-510

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdullah Al Shukaili
Author-X-Name-First: Abdullah Al
Author-X-Name-Last: Shukaili
Author-Name: Marco Cucculelli
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Cucculelli
Author-Name: José Luis González-Pernía
Author-X-Name-First: José Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: González-Pernía
Author-Name: Iñaki Peña Legazkue
Author-X-Name-First: Iñaki Peña
Author-X-Name-Last: Legazkue
Title: Entrepreneurship policy to overcome barriers to new firm growth in a developing economy: evidence from Oman
Abstract:
The debate continues over the effectiveness of entrepreneurship policy to address market and institutional failures, as mixed findings from the literature have led to unclear conclusions. While this subject has been extensively analysed in advanced economies, little is known about the impact of entrepreneurship policy in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which current insights on entrepreneurship policy are applicable to less developed countries, where market and institutional failures are more pronounced. More specifically, the implementation of a government support programme &#45; a programme aimed at granting loans for venture growth &#45; in the context of a developing economy is assessed. Using bias-corrected matching estimation techniques, the results reveal that a policy designed to address severe financial market failure in a developing economy positively contributes to new firms overcoming barriers to growth during the critical early stages of their development.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 511-537
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: entrepreneurship policy; government loan support programme; new firm growth; developing economies; Oman.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96173
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:511-537

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas Wegner
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegner
Author-Name: Kadígia Faccin
Author-X-Name-First: Kadígia
Author-X-Name-Last: Faccin
Author-Name: Pietro Cunha Dolci
Author-X-Name-First: Pietro Cunha
Author-X-Name-Last: Dolci
Title: Opening the black box of small-firm networks: governance mechanisms and their impact on social capital
Abstract:
The literature on business cooperation and small-firm networks (SFNs) is silent regarding the effects of governance on relational variables such as entrepreneurs' social capital. Based on this assumption, we analysed how the governance mechanisms of SFNs influence the social capital of participant entrepreneurs. The research was based on a survey involving 212 firms from 49 different Brazilian SFNs. Results show that governance mechanisms of SFNs influence both the individual dimensions of the entrepreneurs' social capital (structural, relational and cognitive) and the aggregated variable. Centralisation of decision making is the main governance mechanism that negatively influences social capital. Our paper contributes to theory by showing how the design of governance mechanisms in SFNs affects social relations and the entrepreneurs' social capital. The study also provides network managers with practical insights on how to govern SFNs in order to make the cooperation effective and avoid negative effects on members' social capital.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 559-578
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: small-firm networks; SFNs; interorganisational networks; business cooperation; interorganisational relations; social capital; cooperation; business networks; entrepreneurship; small business; small-firms; governance mechanisms; structural social capital; relational social capital; cognitive social capital.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96174
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:559-578

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nobuya Fukugawa
Author-X-Name-First: Nobuya
Author-X-Name-Last: Fukugawa
Title: Human capital management at incubators successful in new firm creation: evidence from Japan
Abstract:
This study quantitatively examined characteristics of incubators which were successful in new firm creation, with a focus on human capital management according to technologies and life cycle stages of startups to which incubators gave support. The results of panel estimation reveal that the breadth of professional experiences of incubation managers is positively associated with new firm creation in electronics, while specialisation matters for the creation of biotechnology startups. Incubation managers' professional experience in technological development is positively associated with the creation of biotechnology startups. These effects are observed in incubators which give support to nascent entrepreneurs, and not in those supporting startups in the early growth stage. Alliance with and proximity to universities are positively associated with success of incubators assisting nascent entrepreneurs, of which effect is limited to the creation of biotechnology startups.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 538-558
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: business incubators; entrepreneurship; incubation managers; innovation intermediaries; innovation policy; knowledge-based economies; sectoral innovation systems; economic growth; new firm creation; Japan.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96175
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:538-558

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maryam Ghaedi
Author-X-Name-First: Maryam
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghaedi
Author-Name: Mehrdad Madhoushi
Author-X-Name-First: Mehrdad
Author-X-Name-Last: Madhoushi
Title: Social capital, knowledge management and innovation performance
Abstract:
The present study was conducted to explain the role of social capital in innovation performance with the mediating effect of knowledge management in knowledge-based companies. The population in the present descriptive survey included all knowledge-based companies established in the Science and Technology Park of Tehran University. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modelling and WarpPLS-5 software. The results indicated that social capital affects organisational knowledge management; however, its effects vary based on the type of activities. It was also shown that social capital affects soft knowledge management activities (including creation and transfer of knowledge), but its impact on hard knowledge management activities is not significant. Moreover, it was found that improving knowledge management in companies requires the availability of appropriate structures and technologies in addition to trust-based interactions between organisational members or, in other words, the development of organisational social capital.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 579-597
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: innovation performance; social capital; knowledge management; knowledge-based companies.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96176
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:579-597

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A.K.M. Shahidullah
Author-X-Name-First: A.K.M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shahidullah
Author-Name: Durdana Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Durdana
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Title: Social entrepreneurship by cooperative: examining value chain options of an indigenous fisherman's co-op
Abstract:
Indigenous cooperative supporting community development objectives has potential to flourish as a social enterprise. Our study draws on social value creation and value chain to find value addition opportunities of a community-based cooperative. Field study was conducted in Norway House Cree Nation community, Northern Manitoba, Canada, adopting qualitative case study methods. We surveyed fisher-households and cooperative members. As well, we conducted semi-structured interviews with experts, government officials, NGO personnel, fish distributors, retailers, and marketing agents. We also held two focus group discussions in the community. We observed that the studied cooperative operates only as a supplier to the primary market. Results show that intervention in the upstream value chain with establishment of modern processing facilities would ensure cooperatives' participation in the secondary markets, create employment opportunities in the community, and enhance its capacity for further social contributions. We conclude that value chain intervention, if made at the community level where producers work corporately as a primary suppliers under a cooperative, creates further value in the society.
Journal: Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Pages: 598-615
Issue: 4
Volume: 35
Year: 2018
Keywords: social entrepreneurship; fisherman's cooperative; value chain; value creation; indigenous community.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=96177
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:598-615