Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Yamini Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Yamini Author-Name: M.S. Gajanand Author-X-Name-First: M.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gajanand Title: A qualitative analysis of customer acquisition in online fitness communities Abstract: Physical activity and exercise are important for all age groups. The virtual fitness sector has experienced a boom post-COVID-19 pandemic due to changes in lifestyle. Research studies that analyse the effect of the usage of fitness applications are very scarce. To bridge this research gap, the impact of these factors in creating awareness and increasing the download of fitness apps is studied. We conduct an exploratory study to identify the factors that influence the online fitness sector post-COVID-19 pandemic and find alternatives that can attract more customers to use fitness applications. The results of the study show that advertisements in social media play a major role in marketing a product to a larger audience, but it is not necessary that a celebrity will make an impact on the product to the audience. The results from this study will help managers of fitness apps and directors of online fitness programs. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 1-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: virtual fitness applications; healthcare; digital healthcare start-up; exploratory study; customer acquisition. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=144606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:1:p:1-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luay Jum'a Author-X-Name-First: Luay Author-X-Name-Last: Jum'a Author-Name: Karam Al Mandil Author-X-Name-First: Karam Al Author-X-Name-Last: Mandil Title: Supplier relationship management maturity: a scale development study Abstract: Mature supplier relationship management (SRM) practices have an impact on all sourcing processes in manufacturing firms. This paper aims to develop a scale for evaluating and improving supplier relationship management maturity (SRMM). In study one, data was collected by surveying 202 managers sampled from different industrial sectors in Jordan. The study used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the suggested dimensions. Study Two was conducted to cross - validate the resulting scale and to provide evidence of consistency across various industrial sectors based on a different sample of 334 managers. With 20 items, the SRMM scale developed involves five dimensions, including purchasing department structure, supplier evaluation system, adoption of technology, collaboration with strategic suppliers, and corporate social responsibility goals compliance. This scale provides academics and managers with a multi-dimensional tool for measuring and evaluating SRMM. Moreover, it offers a useful framework to explore the antecedents and consequences of mature SRM. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 47-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: supplier relationship management; SRM; supply chain; supplier relationship maturity scale; supplier collaboration; manufacturing firms. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=144609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:1:p:47-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margaret Theresé Constantaras Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Theresé Author-X-Name-Last: Constantaras Author-Name: Pierre Mostert Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Mostert Author-Name: Göran Svensson Author-X-Name-First: Göran Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson Title: Antecedents of economic and non-economic satisfaction in a franchise context Abstract: Despite the interpersonal and interdependent relationship between franchisors and franchisees where both parties act and work together, the franchisor-franchisee relationship is often strained due to differing individual goals and roles between the franchisor and the franchisee. Although it would seem logical to assume that relationship marketing would, accordingly, be very relevant to franchising, there is a lack of research exploring relationship dynamics in a franchise context - and specifically so from a franchisee's point of view. This paper addressed this gap by exploring the antecedents of economic satisfaction and non-economic satisfaction, because franchisees' satisfaction will determine whether they stay in, or leave, a franchise relationship. Data were collected from 415 South African franchisees operating in 17 franchise sectors. Results revealed franchisees' non-economic satisfaction was positively influenced by their service quality, information exchange and economic satisfaction perceptions; and that service quality also predicts economic satisfaction. Positive relationships were furthermore established between service quality and information exchange, with franchisees' sense of autonomy, in turn, influencing both their service quality and information exchange perceptions. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 88-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: autonomy; service quality; information exchange; economic satisfaction; non-economic satisfaction; franchising. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=144617 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:1:p:88-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thais Braga Author-X-Name-First: Thais Author-X-Name-Last: Braga Author-Name: Nelson Casarotto Filho Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Casarotto Author-X-Name-Last: Filho Title: Assessment of the relationship between business network and geographical indication Abstract: The adoption of geographical indication (GI) in emerging countries, such as Brazil is growing over the last few years, pursuing the success obtained by global collective. A GI is related to the network of actors in its region of coverage. This paper aims to develop a business network maturity model (BNMM) to support networks to understand the factors influencing its development in order to evaluate the benefits obtained by cooperation and GI. The proposed framework consists of key factors: management, relationships, knowledge, process and services, that trigger 15 constructs of an assessment instrument. In order to provide an initial verification of the developed framework, the questionnaire was applied with three selected networks of wineries and brewers. Findings show that having a GI does not necessarily result in a deep use of it, and a process of collective learning and joint actions would improve the potential benefits obtained with it. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 72-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: geographical indication; business networks; maturity model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=144622 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:1:p:72-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Karmuhil Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Karmuhil Author-Name: R. Murugesan Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Murugesan Title: Relationship between GST revenue and selected stock indices in Indian economy: autoregressive distributed lag approach Abstract: Studies on the establishment of plausibility and the dynamic nexus between GST revenue and selected stock indices are rare. An analysis of these relationships, both short-run and long-run, is vital due to India's recently introduced tax system. This study attempts to fill this gap. Using the bounds testing approach to the co-integration and error correction model developed within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. This study examines whether short-run and long-run relationships exist between GST revenues and stock indices in the pharmaceutical, automobile, healthcare, metal, FMCG, and information technology. Employing data spanning from 2017 to 2021 in addition to also establishing both short and long-run relationships among economic variables. It shows the absence of a solid relationship between GST Revenues and selected stock indices except in the case of FMCG. A good correlation was found between stock indices and GST revenues, influenced by their lagged values. In order to establish new policies for economic sustainability, researchers and policy makers can utilise the findings of this study to understand the nature of the relationship among the studied variables. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 23-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: ARDL; ECM; Cusum test; GST revenue; selected stock indices. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=144653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:1:p:23-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.P. Vasanth Kamath Author-X-Name-First: V.P. Vasanth Author-X-Name-Last: Kamath Author-Name: Gurudutt Nayak Author-X-Name-First: Gurudutt Author-X-Name-Last: Nayak Author-Name: Giridhar B. Kamath Author-X-Name-First: Giridhar B. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamath Author-Name: R. Shiva Kumar Author-X-Name-First: R. Shiva Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: B. Harsha Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Harsha Title: Sustainability assessments of alternative procurement strategies during supply chain disruptions using system dynamics approach Abstract: Disruptions in supply chains (SC) force the professionals globally to ponder on alternate procurement strategies to remain profitable. In this study, we consider a two-stage supply chain network, with an objective to study the feasibility of different procurement strategies with the objective of maximising profit. System dynamics (SD) modelling has been used to model and simulate the supply chain design system. The article starts with a literature review on supply chain disruptions and alternative strategies, followed by a case of an enterprise facing SC disruption. Various scenarios are simulated and analysed using SD. The simulation results are expected to provide the organisation an insight into the effects of using alternative procurement strategies. Further, it is expected to add to the body of knowledge in SC disruptions and provide a new methodology to study the behaviour of various procurement strategies for small-scale firms. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 109-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: supply chain network design; disruption; system dynamics; procurement strategies. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=146311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:2:p:109-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Niranjani Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Niranjani Author-Name: Murugesan Punniyamoorthy Author-X-Name-First: Murugesan Author-X-Name-Last: Punniyamoorthy Author-Name: G. Lakshmi Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Lakshmi Title: Machine learning-based approach to identify human push recovery using GAIT analysis Abstract: The authors have performed empirical mode decomposition for a process to arrive at the human push recovery data using features that are obtained from intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). For the above purpose data related to leg joint angles (hip, knee and ankle) are collected. Three kinds of pushes were applied to analyse the recovery mechanism, in the field of robotics. The classification was performed using deep neural network (DNN) and other classification methods like KNN, naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest and support vector machine. The results have been compared to find the best method for further analysis. Use of five different classification technique and extraction of two additional features which improved the accuracy of the system are some of the unique features of this article. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 147-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: human push recovery; deep neural network; DNN; K nearest neighbour; decision tree; random forest; support vector machine; SVM; intrinsic mode functions; IMFs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=146312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:2:p:147-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thirumaran Kesavaperumal Author-X-Name-First: Thirumaran Author-X-Name-Last: Kesavaperumal Author-Name: K. Marliya Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Marliya Author-Name: Ramasamy Murugesan Author-X-Name-First: Ramasamy Author-X-Name-Last: Murugesan Title: An analysis of the inter-relationships among thermal comfort, acceptability, sensation, perception and preference in residences - a structural equation model Abstract: In residential buildings, varieties of thermal sensation and comfort requirements significantly impact energy consumption, warranting careful analysis of factors affecting thermal comfort. This study reveals the inter-relationships and relative influences among thermal comfort and thermal acceptability, thermal sensation, thermal perception, and thermal preference of thermal environments with air, light, temperature, and humidity, in Indian residences. A field study was conducted with a questionnaire collected data from 261 respondents in Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study uses path models and structural equation models to provide a holistic view to show the inter-relationships between thermal comfort, acceptability, sensation, perception, and preference in Indian residences. The study endorses the importance of four thermal environments called air, light, temperature and humidity in Indian residences. The study also finds a significant and robust relationship between thermal comfort, acceptability, preference, sensation, and perception with statistical significance. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 124-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: thermal comfort; thermal acceptability; thermal sensation; thermal preference; thermal perception; thermal environment; structural equation model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=146313 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:2:p:124-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rajalakshmi Subramaniam Author-X-Name-First: Rajalakshmi Author-X-Name-Last: Subramaniam Author-Name: Margaret Susairaj Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Author-X-Name-Last: Susairaj Author-Name: Sanjay Mohapatra Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Mohapatra Title: The role of green organisational culture in moderating the relationship between environmental CSR activities and green brand image of organisations Abstract: In a competitive environment, firms must use available resources wisely for long-term gains. Green organisational culture (GOC) in an organisation creates an awareness among its employees about the various ways that the firm has taken to develop its attitude towards environmental changes. The current study empirically investigates the moderating role that green organisational culture creates on the relationship between the environment friendly corporate social responsibility activities (EFCSRA) carried out by an organisation and its green brand image. In this research EFCSRA is measured through three constructs namely e-customer wellbeing, e-philanthropy and e-community involvement. The relationship between the proposed variables is tested through the analysis of primary data collected from 646 HR professionals working at organisations belonging to the Indian manufacturing sector. The results of the analysis reveal that e-community involvement and e-customer wellbeing creates an impact on the green organisational culture. Further it is clear that green organisational culture moderates the relationship between e-customer wellbeing and green brand image. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 162-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: green organisational culture; GOC: environment friendly corporate social responsibility; EFCSRA; green brand image; GB; Indian manufacturing sector; sustainability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=146314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:2:p:162-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Azhaganathan Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Azhaganathan Author-Name: Ramasamy Murugesan Author-X-Name-First: Ramasamy Author-X-Name-Last: Murugesan Author-Name: V. Shanmugaraja Author-X-Name-First: V. Author-X-Name-Last: Shanmugaraja Author-Name: Balakrishnan Jaikannan Manasvin Surya Author-X-Name-First: Balakrishnan Jaikannan Manasvin Author-X-Name-Last: Surya Author-Name: Umesh Shide Author-X-Name-First: Umesh Author-X-Name-Last: Shide Title: Bitcoin price prediction with other commodity prices as exogenous inputs using machine learning techniques Abstract: This study addresses a gap in the literature by predicting Bitcoin prices using commodity prices as exogenous variables, a focus previously unexplored. Bitcoin, often referred to as digital gold, has gained significant attention from investors worldwide due to its resilience during financial distress. Prior research primarily utilised macroeconomic indicators, technical indicators, or combinations of commodity prices and macroeconomic factors. However, our study exclusively examines the predictive power of commodity prices - gold, silver, copper, crude oil, and iron ore - on Bitcoin's price, employing machine learning techniques such as random forest, K-nearest neighbours, decision tree, extreme gradient boost, and linear regression. All models showed strong performance when evaluated against 11 error metrics. The findings underscore a robust correlation between Bitcoin and these commodities, with the machine learning models achieving high accuracy in forecasting Bitcoin price fluctuations. These insights hold valuable implications for investors and the broader financial research community. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 179-195 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: Bitcoin price prediction; exogenic inputs; random forest; K nearest neighbours; extreme gradient boost; decision tree; linear regression; error metrics; commodity prices. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=146315 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:2:p:179-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George H. Tompson Author-X-Name-First: George H. Author-X-Name-Last: Tompson Author-Name: Aaron D. Wood Author-X-Name-First: Aaron D. Author-X-Name-Last: Wood Author-Name: Andrea Cardoni Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Cardoni Title: The impact of strategic alliance participation on firm growth Abstract: Theories explaining the relationship between strategic alliance participation and organisational performance suggest that interfirm collaboration will enable organisations to produce results that otherwise would have been unlikely. However, scholarly research on strategic alliances has frequently produced inconsistent results. Among the reasons results have been inconsistent is that researchers rarely have longitudinal data from multiple alliance partners. In our research, we examined a panel of 49 strategic alliances comprised of 147 firms in Italy over a six-year period. Each strategic alliance was formed midway through the time period, so we could compare each firm's financial performance before and after joining the alliance. The results show that participation in an alliance is associated with significant positive increases in revenues and assets. These increases in revenues and assets are positively related to the duration of a strategic alliance and negatively related to the number of industries represented within an alliance. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 293-307 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: strategic alliances; organisational performance; firm growth; longitudinal data; panel data. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=149545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:3:p:293-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sridevi Periaiya Author-X-Name-First: Sridevi Author-X-Name-Last: Periaiya Author-Name: Sathish Thamburasa Author-X-Name-First: Sathish Author-X-Name-Last: Thamburasa Author-Name: Manoraj Natarajan Author-X-Name-First: Manoraj Author-X-Name-Last: Natarajan Author-Name: Subhashree Prabhakaran Author-X-Name-First: Subhashree Author-X-Name-Last: Prabhakaran Title: Refurbished products in the circular economy: understanding perceived risks and vendor scepticism Abstract: A circular economy is an appropriate technique for addressing the scarcity of raw materials and the rise of hazardous waste. It has enormous potential to recover value with used products and promote environmental sustainability. Refurbished products are part of the circular economy. Refurbished products are used products that are repaired, rebuilt, and tested by the company to perform as intended by the manufacturer. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by examining the effect of perceived risks on vendor scepticism regarding refurbished products, as well as the impact of vendor scepticism on purchase embarrassment and concealment. The study uses the theory of perceived risk to understand how consumers perceive the risks. The results of the study suggest that many risk factors do not significantly impact vendor scepticism, except illegitimate product risk and displeasure risk, vendor scepticism has a significant impact on purchase embarrassment and concealment. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 222-241 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: refurbished products; scepticism; circular economy; closed-loop supply chain; CLSC; perceived risk. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=149556 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:3:p:222-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.S. Karthicanand Author-X-Name-First: M.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Karthicanand Author-Name: Prakash Sai Lokachari Author-X-Name-First: Prakash Sai Author-X-Name-Last: Lokachari Title: Incubation performance and incubator profiles: a study on benchmarking Indian incubation units Abstract: Technology business incubators are support ecosystems that enable technopreneurs to launch start-ups based on deep technologies and new business models. In developing countries like India, governments progressively establish and support incubation units to propel entrepreneurship and innovation. The proliferation of business incubators makes it imperative to evaluate their performance and examine the factors that have a bearing on their performance. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), 53 major business incubation units in India were analysed, revealing avenues for improvement that can enable developing incubation units move closer to the frontier incubation units. Subsequent decision tree analysis revealed incubator profiles that are more likely to influence the classification as a frontier incubation unit, highlighting differences between university incubators and other incubators in terms of the thrust areas they support, and the nature of services offered. The attributes that emerge as key differentiators are discussed in the context of supporting Deep-Tech start-ups. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 197-221 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: business incubation; Deep-Tech; incubation performance; data envelopment analysis; DEA; decision tree. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=149557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:3:p:197-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Manigandan Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Manigandan Title: The impact of entrepreneurial marketing on SME performance: exploring the mediating role of green innovation and moderating role of networking capability in Indian SMEs using IPMA analysis Abstract: This research investigates the impact of entrepreneurial marketing (proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking, resource leveraging, opportunity-focused, customer intensity, value creation) on SME performance through the mediating effect of green innovation (green product innovation, green process innovation) and the moderating role of networking capability in Indian SMEs. A conceptual model is proposed with the support of Diffusion innovation theory and resource-based view theories and literature. The data were gathered from 265 owners, Managers and employees in 150 SMEs in south India. The data analysis was employed through SPSS and Smart PLS software. Additionally, a study performed IPMA analysis. The unique research model with the four hypotheses is validated with less than two-tailed 0.001 significance: entrepreneurial marketing positively affects SME performance while moderating networking capability. This research also reveals that green innovation mediates and networking capability moderates the association between entrepreneurial marketing and SME performance. Based on our unique results, managers should adopt entrepreneurial marketing strategies to boost SME performance. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 242-269 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: entrepreneurial marketing; SME performance; green innovation; networking capability; resource-based view theory; diffusion innovation theory; Indian SMEs. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=149558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:3:p:242-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Jeyathilagar Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Jeyathilagar Author-Name: M. Ramakrishnan Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ramakrishnan Author-Name: Pal Pandi Ammavasai Author-X-Name-First: Pal Pandi Author-X-Name-Last: Ammavasai Title: A conceptual model of integrated agile methodology in software development process Abstract: Agile methodology is an iterative approach intended to be used in industries importantly in manufacturing and process industries in order to enhance the productivity and the profitability. Several researchers' confluence to investigate critical success factors having the power of 'agility' and their influence in the agile software development (ASD) process. In recent times, the ASD got more importance than the others in software engineering. Therefore, the present authors have developed a model, integrated agile methodology (IAM) for software development process. IAM is a compound system of quality management practice such as ISO 9001:2015 QMS, ISO 45001: 2018 EMS, Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Systems (OHSAS 18001: 2018), Lean Thinking, Six-Sigma (DMAIC), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and TQM. The prime objective of this study is to develop and propose the conceptual framework and research model of IAM and its implementation for better performance in software development process. Based on extant literature reviews, ten important intervening critical factors are identified under IAM and a research model is proposed to examine the extent of its practice in software industries. Further, the present authors suggest that, the IAM model can be tested and validated by empirical means for hypotheses testing. Journal: Int. J. of Enterprise Network Management Pages: 270-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2025 Keywords: agile framework methodology; people factors; critical factors; management standard systems; integration. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=149567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijenma:v:16:y:2025:i:3:p:270-292