Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soonwook Hong Author-X-Name-First: Soonwook Author-X-Name-Last: Hong Title: Corporate social responsibility and accounting conservatism Abstract: This study aims to clarify the relationship between sustainability management and accounting conservatism. Perspectives on sustainability management are diverse, including positive, negative, and neutral perspectives. It is worth studying sustainability management given that it has not reached a consensus. This study analyses sustainability management using ESG rating provided by KCGS as a proxy variable of sustainability management for the listed companies in Korea Exchange from 2010 to 2016. The result demonstrates that the higher the ESG rating, the lower the conservatism. The contribution of this paper is to verify the relationship between sustainability management and conservatism of Korean companies which have not been done recently. In addition, there is an implication in that it provided a starting point for the utilisation of the ESG ratings announced by KCGS. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 1-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: Korea Corporate Governance Service; KCGS; corporate social responsibility; CSR; accounting conservatism; accounting transparency. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103883 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed T. Nuseir Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed T. Author-X-Name-Last: Nuseir Title: Implementation of accounting standards as a company marketing strategy to attract shareholders Abstract: The present review paper has examined the possibilities of implementing accounting standards and principles as a strategy of the companies to motivate shareholders for investment decisions. This in-depth search of the literature was to find specific financial records and information that could be worthy for marketing to prospective shareholders. Therefore, the ability of organisational accountants is crucial for such stimulation. The accurate, relevant, and appropriate knowledge of the financial activities of an organisation can be a useful instrument for marketing. The significant parameters suggested are profit and earnings information, expansion of the company, past trends in earnings per share and dividends of the company, information relating to the debt and debt levels, information on companies' assets and prospects of additions to the assets. These variables may be crucial, but not conclusive because still closer parameters of an attractive financial information have been suggested as income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, information on number of units and cost of goods sold, annual revenues, gross profit, expenses, net cash from financing activities, and cash balance at the end of the year. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 19-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: accounting standards; financial information; shareholders; marketing strategy; parameters of financial information. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:19-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamal Abu-Rashed Author-X-Name-First: Jamal Author-X-Name-Last: Abu-Rashed Author-Name: Ibrahim Almafdali Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Almafdali Author-Name: John A. Ballard Author-X-Name-First: John A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ballard Title: The role of business intelligence in a knowledge-based economy: the case of Saudi Arabia Abstract: This paper examines the role of business intelligence in creating a more knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia. It identifies major enablers that could be utilised to close the existing gaps between business and competitive intelligence. We assess the fundamentals of Saudi Arabia's economy to make recommendations for that economy for the long term. Our recommendations are based on our experiences with Saudi culture as well as the current state of the economy. Saudi Arabia has embarked on an ambitious plan to reduce or end its dependency on crude oil as a revenue generator. We have identified seven major issues that may enable movement toward a more knowledge-based and innovative economy. These issues, if addressed, may help decision-makers transform Saudi Arabia's markets to a more knowledge-driven economy that is less dependent on oil. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 30-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: business intelligence; knowledge economy; normative economics; Saudi Arabia; Saudi National Transformation Programme; Vision 2030; private-public sector partnership; educational institutions; higher education; skilled labour force; open economy; political will; infrastructure. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:30-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramzi Madi Author-X-Name-First: Ramzi Author-X-Name-Last: Madi Author-Name: Mohammad Almistarehi Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Author-X-Name-Last: Almistarehi Title: The unfair competition lawsuit for protecting the unregistered trademark which is accompanying a sound under the UAE legislation Abstract: Sound mark as a type of unconventional trademark is becoming more accepted and registered around the world. The UAE Trademark Law No. (37) of 1992 and its amendments requires registration of any type of trademarks to be protected. However, due to the lack of guidelines for protecting and registering trademark which is accompanying a sound, this raises the question regarding the infringements taking place on such unregistered trademarks. Should they be left without any protection as their holders failed to register them? The aim of this paper is to find out the position of the UAE Trademark Law regarding the unregistered trademark which is accompanying a sound. Authors focus on case law as it was found, when referring to UAE judicial rulings, that they approved protection for unregistered trademarks. Many judgments were based on the general principles of civil liability stipulated in the Civil Transactions Law or unfair competition. However, this article will tackle only the unfair competition lawsuit. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 42-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: unfair competition lawsuit; unregistered trademark; sound mark; UAE legislation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103898 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:42-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammed Al-Adwan Author-X-Name-First: Muhammed Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Adwan Author-Name: Majed Ahmad Al-Adwan Author-X-Name-First: Majed Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Adwan Title: The impact of public relations on judicial institutions' performance Abstract: This study tackles the problem of whether or not public relations practice within different judicial institutions follows a refined style by discussing the concept of public relations and its importance in the development of the judicial system. Besides that, the study identifies procedures for compliance with the rules and standards of this relationship upon considering lawsuits by the judge and dealing with the accused. The study also examines whether or not the procedures of notification and response from all parties of the lawsuit follows a refined style to maintain the performance of the judicial institution in its work to the fullest, and in exchange, preserve the dignity of the accused. The evidence from this study suggests that an internal communication system in the litigation scope should be applied for all litigation proceedings from beginning to end. These procedures must be regulated legislatively in a manner consistent with the general rules and principles governing litigation while taking into consideration the special nature of the judicial system. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 59-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: accused; court; judge; judicial institutions; public relations. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103899 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:59-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yomna Abdulla Author-X-Name-First: Yomna Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulla Title: Firms' profitability: evidence from Bahrain and Qatar Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the profitability of Bahraini and Qatari firms during the period 2007-2016. The study focuses on two aspects of profitability, first, its determinants, and second, the impact of the recent decline in oil prices on firms' profitability. Using two measures of profitability and applying various panel regression techniques, we find that the main significant determinants of profitability are fixed asset turnover, size, leverage, liquidity and age. The results also document the significant impact of the decline in oil prices on firms' profitability. This impact is similar and evident in both countries. Finally, the findings suggest the need for further government aid to be provided to firms during periods of declining oil prices. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 70-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: profitability; performance; Gulf Cooperation Council; GCC; oil prices; macroeconomic variables; Bahrain; Qatar; corporate finance; survival. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103903 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:70-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khalid Usman Author-X-Name-First: Khalid Author-X-Name-Last: Usman Author-Name: Zhiying Liu Author-X-Name-First: Zhiying Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Chen Ping Author-X-Name-First: Chen Author-X-Name-Last: Ping Author-Name: Tangyong Hong Author-X-Name-First: Tangyong Author-X-Name-Last: Hong Author-Name: Hu Ming Author-X-Name-First: Hu Author-X-Name-Last: Ming Title: Hainan province: China's new free trade zone and Hainan medical tourism Abstract: The Government of China has promoting the free trade zones of the country to captivate the largest overseas investment. The association between development of tourism and foreign trade is widely recognised. This study discussed the impact of Hainan free trade zone on medical tourism in Hainan province. The Hainan free trade zone plan is not only to promote the growth in South China, but it also contributes to the growth of economy in the Pacific Asia region and the rest of the World. Under the free visa entry policy, the government can attract tourists from all over the world, and can increase the industry of tourism by fulfilling the requirements of international tourists. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 88-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: free trade zones; FTZs; Hainan province; visa free access; medical tourism. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:88-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elvira Rodríguez-Ríos Author-X-Name-First: Elvira Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Ríos Author-Name: Benjamín García-Páez Author-X-Name-First: Benjamín Author-X-Name-Last: García-Páez Title: A method for the evaluation of bushmeat as a livelihood for rural subsistence communities in Ecuador Abstract: In this paper, a holistic method is proposed to account for the indices of the relative abundance of game species and their relational value to human communities. The method allows for the consideration of economic, ecological, and cultural factors. Based on econometrics, three regression models are specified: 1) the total cost model, which is used to analyse the costs involved in hunting; 2) the private economic value model, which is used to assess hunting as an economic activity in terms of the hunter's private profit; 3) the social value model, which is used to estimate the net benefits accrued by society from the entire process of bushmeat consumption. This method provides not only empirical findings to show how bushmeat consumption contributes to enhance social welfare but also relevant information for public policy makers concerning the sustainable management of game species. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 98-110 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: method; valuing methods; bushmeat; livelihood; rural subsistence communities; Ecuador; economic value; social value; relational value; public policy; sustainable use. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=103906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:98-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Apu Manna Author-X-Name-First: Apu Author-X-Name-Last: Manna Author-Name: Tarak Nath Sahu Author-X-Name-First: Tarak Nath Author-X-Name-Last: Sahu Author-Name: Krishna Dayal Pandey Author-X-Name-First: Krishna Dayal Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey Title: Board size, multiple directorship and performance of Indian listed firms Abstract: The present study is an endeavour to empirically investigate the impact of board size and multiplicity of directorship on the performance of Indian firms. The study uses a set of strongly balanced panel data consisting 168 firms of BSE 200 indices of India for the period of 2010–2011 to 2016–2017 and adopts panel data regression analysis to establish the relationship among the variables. The study observes a significantly positive relationship between board size and multiplicity of directorship with the corporate performance of the sample firms. Based on the findings, the study infers that the large boards are more efficient in performing supervisory, controlling and decision making role. Again, a director with multiple directorships is highly able to build his reputational capital through his excellence, knowledge, precious experience and effective decision-making capabilities. The study is highly expected to provide important implications in strategy making in the domain of corporate finance and governance and act as a piece of supplementary information for the academicians, corporate strategists and business analysts. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 111-129 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: board size; multiplicity of directorship; firm performance; panel data analysis. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:111-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Azeem Qureshi Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Azeem Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi Author-Name: Tanveer Ahsan Author-X-Name-First: Tanveer Author-X-Name-Last: Ahsan Author-Name: Saqib Aziz Author-X-Name-First: Saqib Author-X-Name-Last: Aziz Author-Name: Muhammad Yousaf Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Yousaf Title: Technological capabilities and rent eroding battles: Scandinavia centric evidence on firm profitability Abstract: This paper furthers our understanding towards determinants of firm profitability using the data of listed firms from Scandinavia over the period from 2002 to 2015. Applying robust generalised method of moments (GMM) and ANCOVA techniques, we show that firm size, capital intensity, leverage, and growth are the major drivers of firm profitability in Scandinavia. A predominantly positive effect of size over profitability is in line with the broader prior evidence while a simultaneous negative capital intensity-profitability relationship is in contrast with the evidence from rest of the Europe. This contrasting effect may potentially be explained as an outcome of a suboptimal deployment of technological investments and/or rent-eroding battle among the incumbent firms operating in Scandinavia. Our results are robust to reverse causality and alternate proxies of capital intensity. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 130-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: profitability; capital intensity; firm size; Scandinavia; panel data analysis. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104756 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:130-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Ferretti Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Ferretti Author-Name: Eva Panetti Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Panetti Author-Name: Adele Parmentola Author-X-Name-First: Adele Author-X-Name-Last: Parmentola Title: The development of local innovation systems and firm performance: empirical evidence from the South of Italy Abstract: By positioning in the literary stream that considers the performance of local innovation systems (LIS) in terms of their contribution to the regional economic growth and, more specifically to the increase of entrepreneurial capacity, this paper explores the effect of LIS development on firm performance in the particular case of top-down initiatives to promote cooperation among industry and universities in the region of Campania (South of Italy). Main findings show that these initiatives are associated to a greater firm performance in two districts, focused on the Biotechnology and Cultural Heritage respectively, suggesting that the effect of LIS development on firm performance is dependent upon sectorial characteristics such as the knowledge intensity and the level of basic research needed for the conduct of firms' innovation activities as well as their need of recurring to complementary capabilities. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 152-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: local innovation systems; LIS; firm performance; Campania; high-technology districts; Italy; South of Italy; social network analysis; network structure; network centrality. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:152-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alka Rathore Author-X-Name-First: Alka Author-X-Name-Last: Rathore Title: Management of non-performing loans by Bhutanese commercial banks Abstract: This paper include four commercial banks of Bhutan to find out the impact of NPAs on profitability indicators of banks. The secondary data are collected from annual reports of the banks, recovered from the respective bank sites and the staff of the banks with regard to data on the various internal determinants. The study used the estimated ratios, and calculated ratios from annual reports of four commercial banks of Bhutan namely Bank of Bhutan, Bhutan National Bank, Druk Panjab National Bank, and Tashi Bank over the period of 2010 to 2015. To measure and analyses the data money related ratios, regression analysis, analysis of variances (ANOVA) used. This investigation uncovers that private sector bank has lower non-performing loans than public sector banks. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 166-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: Bhutan; banks; NPA; regression analysis; Tashi Bank; profitability; Bank of Bhutan; Druk Panjab National Bank; Bhutan National Bank; determinants. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104758 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:166-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hafizah Hammad Ahmad Khan Author-X-Name-First: Hafizah Hammad Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Khan Author-Name: Hussin Abdullah Author-X-Name-First: Hussin Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullah Author-Name: Shamzaeffa Samsudin Author-X-Name-First: Shamzaeffa Author-X-Name-Last: Samsudin Title: The impact of interest rates on household debt accumulation in Malaysia: a structural break analysis Abstract: This study aims to investigate the long run impact of the cost of borrowing on the household debt in Malaysia in order to determine whether the interest rate targeting method could provide solutions to control high debt accumulation. By using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with structural break, findings of this study suggest that, although the cost of borrowing has a negative impact on household debt, the effect is relatively low compared to the income level, housing markets and demographic effects on the debt accumulation. As a result, the low interest rate policy adopted by the country since the Asian Financial Crisis is not the basis that brings towards the bulk of household debt in the country and thereby the interest rate targeting method is not the effective mechanism to control the high debt level. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 193-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: household debt; interest rate; life cycle model; structural break; unit root; Quandt-Andrews breakpoint test; autoregressive distributed lag; ARDL; Malaysia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:193-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Marangos Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Marangos Title: An institutional perspective to international development Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop an alternative scheme and recommendations for international development based on the institutionalist tradition. Such an exercise of contrasting the institutional tradition with the Washington Consensus and the After the Washington Consensus (AWC) has not been endeavoured. Students of international development would benefit from these findings that distinguish between mainstream and institutionalist perspectives on international development programs. A classification strategy is adopted using the WC and AWC as starting points. The alternative institutionalist development program is scrutinised according to how it varies from the WC and AWC features. The original WC and the AWC are both based on the prevailing mainstream discourse on the relationship between institutions and economic development that requires only institutions that maximise market freedom and protect private property rights. As well, the Washington Consensus and the AWC have a poor understanding of evolutionary character of institutional change, habitually being either overly optimistic or pessimistic about the feasibility of institutional change. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 203-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: Washington consensus; economic development; institutionalism; international development. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=104764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:203-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoud Nassar Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud Author-X-Name-Last: Nassar Author-Name: Ammar Jreisat Author-X-Name-First: Ammar Author-X-Name-Last: Jreisat Title: The application of corporate governance rules in the UAE Abstract: The main objective of this study is to measure the compliance of corporate governance rules in UAE, and their correspondence with the global governance rules. To achieve this, questionnaires were designed and distributed over all companies listed in both Dubai and Abu Dhabi markets. In the study methodology, the researcher distributed around (197) questionnaires for the study sample consisted of board of directors' members in the companies, general managers, financial managers who have relation to the application of governance rules inside companies. Results showed that UAE companies comply with the application of governance rules of all study variables that hadn't any effect with a statistical significance (company size measured with the current number of the company's employees, sector type and ownership type) on the mechanisms of governance system application in the UAE companies. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 223-244 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: corporate governance; UAE companies; audit committee; board of directors; risk management; ownership; social responsibility. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106522 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:223-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sudeshna Ghosh Author-X-Name-First: Sudeshna Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh Title: Reconsidering the import demand function of China: evidence from asymmetric cointegration Abstract: This paper examines the association among the quantity of imports expressed in real terms, relative import prices, exchange rate volatility, foreign exchange reserves and real GDP in the aggregate import demand function for China during the period 2000Q1–2015Q4. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model was applied to test for the long-run association among the variables and also to explore the short-run dynamics. The study obtains a long-run cointegrating association between the variables. An increase in income of China by 10% leads to the rise in imports by 6.7%, again a fall in the income level by 10% leads to the drop in the import demand by 39%. The impact of exchange rate volatility is rather mixed, a phase of rising fluctuations generates a decline in the imports by 21%; however, when the fluctuations are diminishing imports are not impacted significantly. The study lends support to the hypothesis that volatility of the exchange rates discourages imports. The study further shows that foreign exchange reserves do not impact imports in China. Such investigation will be important in making policy decisions related to trade and balance of payments in China. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 245-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: China; import demand function; exchange rate; volatility; GDP; relative price; time series; NARDL. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106525 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:245-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tihana Škrinjarić Author-X-Name-First: Tihana Author-X-Name-Last: Škrinjarić Author-Name: Marina Slišković Author-X-Name-First: Marina Author-X-Name-Last: Slišković Title: Revisiting the CAPM model with quantile regression: creating investment strategies on the Zagreb Stock Exchange Abstract: This research explores whether conditional CAPM holds at different points of the return distribution by focusing on data from the Zagreb Stock Exchange and quantile regression methodology. Weekly data on 5 sector indices, market return on CROBEX and return on Treasury bills (91 days) for the period January 2012 to April 2018 was collected in order to empirically evaluate the CAPM model via quantile regression. The contribution of this research is given in the simulation part, where several specifications of investment strategies based on estimation results are discussed. Previous literature does not focus on utilising estimation results as guidance for dynamic investment strategies. Based upon simulations of several strategies, it was shown that quantile regression strategies could be beneficial for more conservative investors. Since this study is one of the few which try to link statistical aspects of estimating finance models with investment strategies, this research contributes to the existing literature. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 266-289 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: downside beta; quantile regression models; stock market; volatility; systematic risk; CAPM; developing stock market; pseudo R2; dynamic investment strategy; portfolio optimisation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:266-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoli Wang Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoli Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Ye Yang Author-X-Name-First: Ye Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Yi Tan Author-X-Name-First: Yi Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Title: Can cooperative networks promote enterprise innovation in China? Abstract: Based on the institutional background of China's economic development and transformation, in this paper, we investigate whether cooperative networks promote enterprise innovation in China using the World Bank's 2012 survey data on Chinese companies' operations. We found that: 1) the diversity of cooperative networks significantly increased the enterprises' probability of carrying out innovative activities; 2) different cooperation networks have different impacts on corporate innovation: i.e., both 'enterprise-customer' corporative network and the 'enterprise-research organisation' corporative networks have significantly increased the probability of enterprise innovation, but the 'enterprise-supplier' network has hindered the corporate's process innovation; 3) after considering the characteristics of corporate heterogeneity, the cooperation network will benefit high-tech enterprises more than for the low- and medium-tech enterprises in China. Our research contributes to the literature by providing significant insights for the companies to understand their innovation mechanism and also offering meaningful enlightenments for relevant policy-making departments. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 290-312 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: corporative network; enterprise innovation; innovative value chain; network diversity. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:290-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pedro Reis Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Reis Title: Implied equity duration as a measure of risk and its simultaneous endogeneity with performance in European companies Abstract: This work, in addition to applying the adapted implied equity duration (IED) concept through incorporating the dividends returned by the stock markets of France, Germany, Spain, Portugal and the UK, creates and tests new concepts both for firm risk and of business life expectancy, entitled the implied enterprise value duration (IEVD), for those countries. Furthermore, this article provides proof of the simultaneous endogeneity between IED and performance through recourse to a simultaneous equations system approach with 3sls and, additionally, studies the implications of company expected life, capital structure, size, market expectations, historic growth and risk both on IED and on performance. This paper reaches an IED based on dividends for European companies of 9.93 years, contributing to the existing IED paradox and confirming that IED is a risk measure. Furthermore, it concludes that IED does not provide a proxy for company life expectancy. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 313-333 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: duration; implied equity; bonds; life; risk; valuation; performance. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=106531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:313-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katarina R.I. Keller Author-X-Name-First: Katarina R.I. Author-X-Name-Last: Keller Title: The economic effects of private social security accounts Abstract: Since the 1980s, over 30 countries have implemented various kinds of personal social security accounts. Most counties have adopted them as a part of their social security systems, to also continue to fund their public pay-as-you-go system. This paper analyses the effects of adopting private accounts, as well as the percentage of income paid into private accounts, on GDP per capita growth. Global panel-data regressions over time are used, as well as sample splits for developing countries and separately for Latin America, where many countries adopted some form of private accounts following Chile's ground-breaking example of a complete switch from public to private social security system. The paper estimates statistically significant effects of privatising parts or all of social security on countries' GDP per capita growth. Private accounts also benefit stock market growth and enrolment rates in secondary and higher education, as well as in reducing government expenditures and national debt. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 335-354 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: privatising social security; private social security accounts; economic growth. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:4:p:335-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dilek Temiz Dinç Author-X-Name-First: Dilek Temiz Author-X-Name-Last: Dinç Author-Name: Aytaç Gökmen Author-X-Name-First: Aytaç Author-X-Name-Last: Gökmen Author-Name: Sinan Can Altuntaş Author-X-Name-First: Sinan Can Author-X-Name-Last: Altuntaş Title: The relationship between Turkey's olive oil export income and economic growth Abstract: The purpose of this study is to provide information about the agricultural product sector and the olive and olive oil products. Also, the main purpose of this study is the demonstration of relationship between Turkey's olive oil export income and economic growth figures. This relationship is examined by using the quarterly data in between 1999:Q1 and 2017:Q1. In addition, another aim is to find solutions on the existing problems and to provide recommendations about the sector. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 355-377 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: table olive; olive oil; economic growth; export; Turkey. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:4:p:355-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sungchan Kim Author-X-Name-First: Sungchan Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Soyoung Park Author-X-Name-First: Soyoung Author-X-Name-Last: Park Title: The effectiveness of capital expenditure in an endogenous growth model: evidence from US states Abstract: The lessons from the last economic recession tell us that governments spend a lot of money on capital expenditure, such as the construction of buildings, roads and bridges in order to restore the economy. However, even if governments try to invest their money in capital expenditure, it is questionable whether expenditures on capital structures are really effective in achieving an economic recovery. Thus, our study attempts to investigate whether capital expenditure has a positive impact on economic growth. To achieve this goal, this article includes the endogenous growth model. More specifically, the endogenous growth model can be divided into two models: a basic model and an extensive model, which also set political and institutional factors as control variables. By using a panelled data analysis of US states from 1990 to 2013, the empirical results of the endogenous growth model suggest that the proportion of capital expenditure as a percentage of GSP is negatively related to economic growth, while state government savings as a percentage of GSP has a positive relationship with it. Therefore, capital expenditure in the US states is not an effective tool for fiscal policy and their effectiveness should be further discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 378-390 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: capital expenditure; economic growth; endogenous growth model; state governments. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:4:p:378-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Chang Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Author-Name: Nanjun Zheng Author-X-Name-First: Nanjun Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng Author-Name: Yujie Shi Author-X-Name-First: Yujie Author-X-Name-Last: Shi Title: Customers' intention towards O2O food delivery service under the different characteristic of customer group – a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park Abstract: Two research questions are identified and discussed. Relevant factors that influence the customer preferences were selected as research objects, data collection was based on 348 valid questionnaires, SPSS software was used for data analysis by the means of the multivariate logistic research model. Customer intentions include delivery payment, delivery time, food quality and brand trust. Customer reviews are related to customer preferences. The delivery payment is the most important factor when customers use food delivery service, but different groups of people have different tendency compared with their counterparts. All variables are designed based on baseline categories; the outcome of the model is only significant while comparing two groups of variables. Multivariate logistic research model is used to find customer preferences under the different characteristic of customer groups based on questionnaires and tries to forecast the possibility of the tendency of one targeting customer group in Suzhou Industrial Park. This research conduct a questionnaire on the Suzhou industry park, the respondents are mainly students and white collars customers, the characteristics of respondents are typical in this area. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 391-417 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: customer preference; the multivariate logistic research model; targeting customer group. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:4:p:391-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kimin Kim Author-X-Name-First: Kimin Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: Are we in the same boat?: Value-creation in alliance portfolios in the US internet sector Abstract: Current research admits that value-creation occurs between the focal firm and its partner firms in alliance portfolios. However, most extant studies have focused on performance implications from the perspective of the focal firm. We consider the partner firms' perspective in examining the relationship between portfolio configuration and stock market valuation, along with the moderating role of environmental munificence. Using data on the alliance portfolios of 120 focal firms in the US internet sector covering 1995 to 2003, we found that partner firms that ally with a focal firm with higher portfolio diversity and/or higher portfolio density are likely to enjoy greater abnormal returns when the focal firm announces corporate events. We also found that portfolio density is more likely to be associated with higher abnormal returns when environmental munificence is low than when it is high. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 418-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 2020 Keywords: strategic alliance network; alliance portfolio; portfolio configuration; environmental munificence. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107495 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:19:y:2020:i:4:p:418-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christina Thomaidou Pavlidou Author-X-Name-First: Christina Thomaidou Author-X-Name-Last: Pavlidou Author-Name: Andreas Efstathiades Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Efstathiades Title: Practising internal marketing in secondary public education: development of an integrated model Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of internal marketing (IM) strategies in secondary public schools, providing suggestions to principals and policy-makers for their application. Based on the literature review, a conceptual model of IM strategies has been developed to test on secondary public schools in Cyprus. The structural equation modelling (AMOS) software used for data analysis showed that a range of IM strategies are absent from secondary public schools and there is a positive relationship between relationship development, human resource management (HRM) and education process and internal customer segmentation (EPICS) strategies respectively to IM in the public secondary schools. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 1-40 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: internal marketing; education; high schools; secondary public education; HRM; human resource management; relationship development; education process; internal customer segmentation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:1-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mira Nurmakhanova Author-X-Name-First: Mira Author-X-Name-Last: Nurmakhanova Title: Oil and growth challenge in Kazakhstan Abstract: Kazakhstan possesses substantial amount of petroleum and natural gas and relies extensively on revenues from the export of these commodities. We use Kazakhstan's dependence on revenues from the oil sector to demonstrate commodity producer vulnerability to external commodity price fluctuations. The goal of this paper is to examine the nature of the relationship between real gross domestic product (GDP), fiscal revenues, real exchange rate, price level, and oil prices. We employ Bayesian approach to time series data for the period 2000-2017. We find evidence of significant effect of oil prices on Kazakhstani economy where one of the key channels playing a role in the effect of oil prices on real activity is related to the real effective exchange rate. Additionally, results of this research indicate that one possible channel for oil price shocks to affect the real exchange rate is through the upward pressure on domestic price level. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 100-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: oil prices; real exchange rate; GDP; gross domestic product; fiscal revenues; Bayesian VAR. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108492 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:100-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmed Hassanein Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: Hassanein Author-Name: Hanaa Elgohari Author-X-Name-First: Hanaa Author-X-Name-Last: Elgohari Title: The linkage between stock and inter-bank bond markets in China: a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) analysis Abstract: This study applies the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) model to investigate the correlation between stock and inter-bank bond markets in China over the period from 2002 to 2016. The study finds no conditional correlation between China's stock and bond markets over the sample period. However, after dividing the sample into four different time scales, we find a significant correlation for the following periods: bond market fluctuations (2002-2005), recovery and persistence (2010-2013), and stock market shock (2014-2016). However, there is an insignificant correlation during the Global Financial Crisis (2006-2009). Further, we apply the BEKK model as a confirmatory analysis and find the presence of spillover effects between the stock and bond markets in both directions during the following periods: bond market fluctuations, recovery and persistence, and stock market shock. These results suggest that the correlation between the stock and bond markets in China is a time dependent. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 80-99 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: DCC; dynamic conditional correlation; BEKK; spillover effects; financial markets; China. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:80-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Chang Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Author-Name: Fatima Khaleel Author-X-Name-First: Fatima Author-X-Name-Last: Khaleel Author-Name: Fangyu Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Fangyu Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Qianwen Xu Author-X-Name-First: Qianwen Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Title: A study of small business owners' perceptions and experiences of government policies in Suzhou, China Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the Chinese government policies towards small businesses and the perspectives of the business owners on the implemented policies. The research adopts an in-depth interview with five business owners in Suzhou, China and the data collected from the interview are analysed by the SWOT method. Our findings reveal that businesses are satisfied with government intervention. However, over intervention may cause discouragement and may lead to the failure of businesses in China. In addition, the analysis of the findings reveals that most businesses require policy changes and policymakers should consider the weaknesses and opportunities for the future growth of the economy. Our paper provides a contribution to the literature of Chinese businesses and government policies, and helps the owners to understand the business context and challenges. The inability to investigate more entrepreneurs all over the country is the limitation of the study. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 59-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: economic growth; government policies; business owners; entrepreneurs; China. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:59-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoud Nassar Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud Author-X-Name-Last: Nassar Author-Name: Khalil Nimer Author-X-Name-First: Khalil Author-X-Name-Last: Nimer Author-Name: Abu Reza Momammad Islam Author-X-Name-First: Abu Reza Momammad Author-X-Name-Last: Islam Title: The suitability of the small and medium-sized enterprises in Dubai to the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards Abstract: The objectives of this paper are to identify and address the benefits of applying IFRS and its suitability by targeting SMEs licensed to practice auditing in Dubai at the end of 2017. We sent out questionnaires targeting 240 auditors; received 189 responses. Out of this 135 responses were considered. Others were discarded as they were not suitable for statistical analysis. There are a number of results obtained from this study based on the results of statistical tests. They are as follows. The consideration of SMEs (as an important part of the national economy) is that the requirements of IFRSs for these companies are compatible with their environment, in terms of presentation of financial statements ensuring proper presentation of their financial statements. They must prepare their accounting records in accordance with accounting standards in a timely and accurate manner, which in turn, would eventually, enable these companies to make right decisions. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 41-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: IFRS; International Financial Reporting Standards; SMEs; small and medium size enterprises; international standards; financial reporting; accounting regulations; Dubai. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:1:p:41-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jay P. Trivedi Author-X-Name-First: Jay P. Author-X-Name-Last: Trivedi Author-Name: Kaushal Kishore Author-X-Name-First: Kaushal Author-X-Name-Last: Kishore Title: Investigating the factors influencing consumers' purchase intention for electric cars: an emerging market perspective Abstract: Research attempting to identify factors leading to consumers' adoption of electric cars is limited and inconclusive. Hence this study explores the factors which influence Indian consumers' attitude towards the electric car brands, further leading to brand love and finally resulting in purchase intentions. The mediating role of brand attitude and brand love between the independent variables and purchase intentions is also observed. Descriptive research design was used for the study and data were collected from 539 respondents. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and Hayes PROCESS method for mediation. The results exhibit that vivacity, online reviews, and accessibility are the top three factors which influence consumers' brand attitude, which results in brand love and further purchase intentions. Brand love was empirically established as a stronger predictor of purchase intentions as compared to brand attitude. The mediating role of brand attitude and brand love was also established. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 117-137 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: electric cars; emerging market; brand love; brand attitude; purchase intentions. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:117-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Subrata Dutta Author-X-Name-First: Subrata Author-X-Name-Last: Dutta Author-Name: Richa Mandan Author-X-Name-First: Richa Author-X-Name-Last: Mandan Title: Onion dehydration industry in Gujarat state of India: issues of competitiveness, expansion and diversification Abstract: The fruits and vegetables processing industries have tremendous potentials in creating income and employment for rural labour-force. This study is concerned with the problems and prospects of the cluster of onion dehydration enterprises located in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state in India. The issues that concern the entrepreneurs of the onion dehydration industry have not been discussed much in the existing literature. Gujarat ranks second in India, after Maharashtra state, in terms of onion production, and ranks first in terms of productivity. That is why we have selected Gujarat for this study. Dehydrated onion has very limited market in India; this industry mainly markets their products in foreign countries. India's international competitiveness is found to be contingent upon several local/regional factors that have been thoroughly investigated in this paper. In addition, we have carried out econometric analyses to identify the determinants of financial expansion and diversification of the processing industry. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 192-216 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: onion dehydration enterprise; supply-demand mechanism; competitiveness; price issue; firm expansion; product diversification; regional development; Gujarat; India; logit model. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:192-216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emrah Durmaz Author-X-Name-First: Emrah Author-X-Name-Last: Durmaz Author-Name: Şahap Akan Author-X-Name-First: Şahap Author-X-Name-Last: Akan Author-Name: Mahmut Bakır Author-X-Name-First: Mahmut Author-X-Name-Last: Bakır Title: Service quality and financial performance analysis in low-cost airlines: an integrated multi-criteria quadrant application Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the financial performance and service quality of major low-cost carriers (LCCs) operating in Europe. For this purpose, 6 LCCs were evaluated based on 7 service quality and 10 financial attributes. Due to the multidimensional nature of the performance phenomenon, integrated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, including the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS); were adopted in the study. After the performance evaluation, the airlines were positioned on the Quadrant matrix according to their performance in two measurements. The study shows that Ryanair is located in region A, which is the best region in the matrix. In addition, it is found that the increase in service quality has an adverse effect on financial performance. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the calculation and the stability of the ranking. As a result of the analysis, the applicability of the proposed approach was confirmed. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 168-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: airline; LCC; low-cost carrier; quadrant analysis; financial performance; service quality; MCDM methods. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:168-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ammar Jreisat Author-X-Name-First: Ammar Author-X-Name-Last: Jreisat Title: Credit risk, economic growth and profitability of banks Abstract: The determinants of banking profitability targeting the UAE banking sector was the main purpose of this study. There are different factors that affect the profitability of banks in UAE, the importance of each factor will be tested using regression models. By using a dataset of 14 banks for the period 2008-2016. Based on the findings the most important factor to improve the banking profitability are increase non-interest income, as well as the positive impact of economic growth on banking profitability. The study concluded that credit risk is one of the most important negative effects affecting the banks' financial performance by increasing non-performing loans and reducing the quality of total loans, which requires UAE banks to focus on increasing non-interest income and avoiding risk when lending to customers in addition to being cautious about it. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 152-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: profitability; credit risk; inflation; economic growth; banking sector; panel regression; ordinary least square panel regression; fixed effects panel regression; UAE. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109150 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:152-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sungchan Kim Author-X-Name-First: Sungchan Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Soyoung Park Author-X-Name-First: Soyoung Author-X-Name-Last: Park Title: Budgetary choice and its path to economic growth in the US states: does total expenditure stabilisation work as a mediating factor? Abstract: As the three roles of government are closely related to economic growth (Moreno-Dodson, 2008; Musgrave, 1959), state governments also play a similar role in pursuing economic growth by adopting two budgetary choices. The first choice, the allocation role, involves investing in capital expenditures, while the second choice, the stabilisation role, involves saving money for the future. However, compared to the central government, little is known about the effectiveness of budgetary choice at the subnational level. Thus, this paper investigates whether spending on capital expenditures and saving for the future are effective for state governments in the USA, and how another role of government affects economic growth. The empirical results demonstrate that making capital expenditures and saving for the future are positively related to economic growth in state government. However, the volatility of total expenditures does not have a significant relationship with economic growth. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 138-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: capital expenditures; state government saving; economic growth; expenditure volatility; structural equation model; capital expenditure; BSFs; budget stabilisation funds. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109151 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:138-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibrahim Niankara Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Niankara Author-Name: Riham Muqattash Author-X-Name-First: Riham Author-X-Name-Last: Muqattash Title: The impact of financial inclusion on consumers saving and borrowing behaviours: a retrospective cross-sectional evidence from the UAE and the USA Abstract: This paper highlights the impact of financial inclusion on borrowing and saving decisions in the United States (USA) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It does so, using data from the 2014 Global Findex database, and an empirical strategy that contrasts fully parametric and semi-parametric specifications of the saving and borrowing functions. The semi-parametric bivariate probit specification is found to better describe the two processes of saving and borrowing, with a 12.3% correlation coefficient. Although no significant difference is found in the likelihood of borrowing in the two economies, we found however, that consumers in the US are 31.4% more likely to save than their UAE counterparts. In addition, and in line with the "Permanent Income Hypothesis", the results do not reveal any income based saving nor borrowing gradient in the two economies. Conversely, a gender based saving (12.4%) and borrowing (13.8%) inequality in favour of the male gender in found to prevail. Furthermore, access to a bank account and a debit card, companies' policy of direct salary deposits, and government transfer programs are all financial inclusion strategies that are found to significantly raise the likelihood of saving and borrowing in the two nations. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 217-242 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: borrowing; economic growth; financial inclusion; saving; UAE; USA. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109152 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:2:p:217-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yian Chen Author-X-Name-First: Yian Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Victor Chang Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Title: Philips vs. Matsushita: a critical review and comparison Abstract: This paper examines the rise of two global companies Philips and Matsushita. The aim is to identify factors that contributed to the companies becoming the most successful in the industry. Furthermore, it evaluates and analyses the strategic choices the companies have made from the start of the establishments until the beginning of the new millennia. This paper aims to analyse how these strategies helped Matsushita overtake Philips as number one in the consumer electronics industry. However, the evolved organisational structure also creates disadvantages for the company to speed up growth. Finally, in the last part of this report, recommendations are made for Matsushita about appropriate strategies that can be adopted in the new millennium. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 243-254 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: Philips and European manufacturing; Matsushita and Japanese manufacturing; Philips and Matsushita comparison; centralisation and decentralisation in management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:243-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Firas Abdel-Mahdi Massadeh Author-X-Name-First: Firas Abdel-Mahdi Author-X-Name-Last: Massadeh Author-Name: Moustafa Elmetwaly Kandeel Author-X-Name-First: Moustafa Elmetwaly Author-X-Name-Last: Kandeel Author-Name: Ali Abdel Mahdi Massadeh Author-X-Name-First: Ali Abdel Mahdi Author-X-Name-Last: Massadeh Title: Trademark cancellation in terms of commercial and administrative law: a comparison of the UAE and Jordan Abstract: This paper concerns the method of judicial review in the dismissal of a trademark, from a procedural judicial perspective. The research examines the impact procedural laws can have on substantive laws, in terms of the influence of commercial litigation and civil procedures on one hand, and administrative law procedures on the other, regarding the potential outcomes for dismissing a trademark. In the UAE's unified legal system, the civil/commercial courts review decisions to register trademarks, while in Jordan's dual legal system it is the administrative courts, which do so. This paper investigates if this difference plays any role in cancelling trademarks, and whether it has any subsequent impact on investment and commerce. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 364-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: trademarks; commercial litigation; administrative judiciary; absolute grounds for dismissal; UAE; Jordan. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110420 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:364-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ishani Patharia Author-X-Name-First: Ishani Author-X-Name-Last: Patharia Author-Name: Sanjay Rastogi Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Rastogi Author-Name: Ravinder Vinayek Author-X-Name-First: Ravinder Author-X-Name-Last: Vinayek Author-Name: Sheetal Malik Author-X-Name-First: Sheetal Author-X-Name-Last: Malik Title: A fresh look at environment friendly customer's profile: evidence from India Abstract: Increasing environmental concern has led to global pressure on companies to produce environment friendly products. There is a corresponding need to improve environment friendly purchase behaviour. This paper provides a precise profile of environment friendly customers of electronic products by performing logistic regression analysis. Data was collected from 589 Indian customers who had purchased electronic products during the six months before participating in the survey. The results reveal that people with high environmental concern, having good knowledge about environmental problems and their solutions through environment friendly buying behaviour will buy environment friendly electronic products if they have trust in product attributes and believe that their actions contribute towards environmental sustainability. These findings provide very important clues to design pragmatic strategies to improve environment friendly purchase behaviour. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 310-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: environment friendly customer's profile; developing economy; GPB; green purchase behaviour; theory of planned behaviour; perceived consumer effectiveness; government efforts; logistic regression; environment concern; environmental knowledge and awareness; trust. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:310-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Korhan Gokmenoglu Author-X-Name-First: Korhan Author-X-Name-Last: Gokmenoglu Author-Name: Mohamad Kaakeh Author-X-Name-First: Mohamad Author-X-Name-Last: Kaakeh Title: Investigating the determinants of capital leverage: the case of China's real estate sector Abstract: This study empirically investigated the determinants of capital leverage of the Chinese real estate sector. Annual panel data of 130 companies covering the period 2007-2017 were used. Profitability was treated as a latent variable to avoid any specification error. Structural equation modelling (SEM) confirmed that while the size and financial cost have a significant positive effect on the level of capital leverage; liquidity, tangibility, and non-debt tax shield (NTDS) have a significant negative effect. The findings provide supportive evidence for both the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. An interesting outcome of our research is that despite the substantial difference in institutional structure between China and Western countries, the firm-specific determinants of leverage are partially similar between the two. The policy implications of our research are discussed in the conclusion section. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 288-309 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: SEM; structural equation modelling; capital structure; leverage; real estate sector; Chinese firms; trade-off theory; picking order theory. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:288-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soonwook Hong Author-X-Name-First: Soonwook Author-X-Name-Last: Hong Title: Are chaebol firms ethical? Abstract: The present study investigates the ethics of chaebol firms. The ethics includes both external ethics and internal ethics. The ethics of chaebol firms is tested using corporate social responsibility (CSR), which represents corporate external ethics, and earnings management, which represents corporate internal ethics. The empirical result shows that chaebol firms conduct less accrual earnings management, while conducting more real earnings management. Chaebol firms are found to be active in CSR activities. That is, chaebol firms seem to be ethical externally, but unethical internally. In addition, those chaebol firms that diligently conduct CSR activities are shown to conduct less accrual and real earnings management. Although chaebol firms are unethical internally, active CSR activities are judged to reduce the internal unethicality of chaebol firms. The present study is meaningful in that it analyses the ethics of chaebol firms, which occupy a considerable proportion in South Korean economy, from various angles. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 322-347 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: chaebol; business ethics; CSR; corporate social responsibility; accrual earnings management; real earnings management; external ethics; internal ethics; South Korea. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110438 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:322-347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giridhar B. Kamath Author-X-Name-First: Giridhar B. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamath Author-Name: Simon George Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: George Author-Name: Shirshendu Ganguli Author-X-Name-First: Shirshendu Author-X-Name-Last: Ganguli Title: Consequences of event-sponsor fit in sport sponsorship: evidence from the Indian Premier League Abstract: This study investigates the sponsorship effectiveness in the context of the Indian Premier League (IPL). A conceptual model was developed with the event-sponsor fit as the independent variable and brand equity and purchase intention of the event sponsor as the dependent variables. Data were collected from 303 IPL fans using a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modelling was used. IBM SPSS 17 and AMOS 18 software were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing. The results showed that event-sponsor fit influences the attitude towards the sponsor and sponsorship as a whole. The attitudinal constructs influenced the brand equity and purchase intention of the sponsor brand. This is the first study that empirically tests the relationship between event-sponsor fit, attitudinal constructs, brand equity and purchase intention in the context of IPL. The findings of this study can help the brand marketers to make the best of the sponsorship deals. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 348-363 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: event-sponsor fit; attitude towards sponsor; purchase intention; Indian Premier League. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110439 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:348-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibrahim Niankara Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Niankara Title: The role of English language proficiency on immigrants' health and economic integration in the USA Abstract: This study reports on the role of English language proficiency (ELP) in immigrants' health and economic integration in the USA. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation of a mixed bivariate ordered probit specification of annual earnings and medical care spending is conducted using a representative sample of immigrant families' data from the 2015-2017 US National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). The results reveal that annually, limited ELP has an increasingly negative impact on immigrants' propensity to earn income (-$44.83, -$50.66 and -$56.97), while simultaneously positively impacting at a decreasing rate their propensity to spend on medical care ($8.09, $6.09 and $4.32). Furthermore, a positive and significant 7.2% correlation coefficient is found between annual earnings and medical care spending propensities, suggesting that the income effect of higher earnings from increased ELP outweighs the substitution effect leading to higher health consciousness and preventive care spending. Thus, policies aimed at raising immigrants' families ELP in the USA would not only contribute to their effective socio-economic integration, but also strengthen the US workforce and economy in the long run. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 255-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: annual earnings; Bayesian analysis; cultural integration; economic integration; English proficiency; immigrants; MCMC; Markov chain Monte Carlo; medical care; USA. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=110445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:3:p:255-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Parham Parsva Author-X-Name-First: Parham Author-X-Name-Last: Parsva Title: Investigating the impact of trade shocks on production in Iranian manufacturing industries Abstract: In this study, using the panel vector autoregression model, the impact of trade shocks on production in Iranian manufacturing industries is investigated. For this aim, the time series data of the period from 1995 to 2017 as well as the impulse response and variance decomposition functions (VDFs) are used. The results of the model's estimation show that Iran's industrial development is heavily influenced by the import of capital and intermediate goods. Also, the results of this study indicate that various industries are affected differently by trade shocks, as some industries receiving a downward effect and some industries receiving an upward effect from these shocks. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 391-406 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: trade shocks; panel VAR; impulse response function; variance decomposition; Iranian manufacturing industries. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111081 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:391-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul Razzak Al-Chahadah Author-X-Name-First: Abdul Razzak Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Chahadah Author-Name: Ghaleb A. El Refae Author-X-Name-First: Ghaleb A. El Author-X-Name-Last: Refae Author-Name: Amer Qasim Author-X-Name-First: Amer Author-X-Name-Last: Qasim Title: The impact of financial inclusion on bank performance: the case of Jordan Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of financial inclusion on the financial performance of Jordanian banks listed in the Amman Stock Exchange. The study empirically tested the impact of five main indicators of financial inclusion on bank performance. Using a simple regression analysis, findings of the study showed statistically significant impact of two indicators of financial inclusion (i.e., financial access and enterprise financing) and bank financial performance (i.e., bank profitability) of Jordanian banks. The study recommends Jordanian financial institutions to move toward increasing innovative access to financial services as well as enhancing IT infrastructure and the development of financial services to raise the level of digital banking services which is currently considered relatively low when compared to other middle-income countries. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 483-496 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: financial inclusion; banks performance; emerging economies; Jordan; bank profitability. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111096 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:483-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hafiz M. Sohail Author-X-Name-First: Hafiz M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sohail Title: Foreign direct investment and corruption paradigm impacts: a panel data study Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the overriding key in the advance and growth of any economy. In this paper, using unbalanced panel data and OLS regression, we first probe the effect of corruption on FDI in the host less corrupt country (LCC) and the host more corrupt country (MCC). Secondly, we investigate the impact of corruption difference (between home and host countries) on FDI in both categories (LCC, MCC). We test the model of big sample of countries that diverge in their level of corruption. To confirm the validity of this study, a multiplicity model of specifications and estimation strategies is investigated to endow with robustness. However, the consequence of corruption difference found negative and consider it as grabbing hand in full sample and in MCC. This study reveals that the overall effect of corruption is positive and found it as helping hand. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 467-482 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: corruption; corruption difference; MCC; more corrupt country; LCC; less corrupt country; FDI; foreign direct investment; international investment; panel data; cross boarder activities; regression analysis; factors movements. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111097 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:467-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Amélia Mendonça Flores Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Amélia Mendonça Author-X-Name-Last: Flores Author-Name: Igor Bernardi Sonza Author-X-Name-First: Igor Bernardi Author-X-Name-Last: Sonza Title: The effect of control-ownership rights and business groups on cash holdings Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of voting and cash flow rights deviations and group affiliation on the cash holdings of Brazilian companies. We employed a panel data analysis for 81 listed Brazilian firms during the period from 2010 to 2017, with Dynamic GMM-Sys. The results report that the greater the deviations between voting and cash flow rights, the higher is the cash holdings, probably related to future projects that provide private benefits. Controllers will have incentives to dispose of company resources (cash) for their interests, to the detriment of minority shareholders. The group affiliation is not a determinant of cash holdings in Brazil. The research brings new perspectives of complex organisational structures, such as companies with deviations of rights. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 375-390 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: cash holdings; voting rights; cash flow rights; deviations; business groups; Brazil. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:375-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mladen Turuk Author-X-Name-First: Mladen Author-X-Name-Last: Turuk Author-Name: Tin Horvatinović Author-X-Name-First: Tin Author-X-Name-Last: Horvatinović Author-Name: Željko Sudarić Author-X-Name-First: Željko Author-X-Name-Last: Sudarić Title: Examining the causes of entrepreneurial intentions and their moderating effects Abstract: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the development of an economic system on the national and regional level. Given these findings, it is not startling that several different strands of research have been and are still being conducted on the topic of what determines individuals to create and start their business ventures. In this paper, we used the theory of planned behaviour as our theoretical foundation. Along with the conventional elements of the theory, individual's attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, we tested additional moderating effects. The results show that attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control have a positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions, while the opposite is true for subjective norms. In addition, gender has a significant moderating effect only for subjective norms. Finally, subjective norms were found to moderate both the relation of attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 425-441 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions; entrepreneurial education; theory of planned behaviour; moderating effects; gender effects; business; business venture; Croatia; HR. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111099 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:425-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nor Faezah Abdullah Sani Author-X-Name-First: Nor Faezah Abdullah Author-X-Name-Last: Sani Author-Name: Ruhaini Muda Author-X-Name-First: Ruhaini Author-X-Name-Last: Muda Author-Name: Roshayani Arshad Author-X-Name-First: Roshayani Author-X-Name-Last: Arshad Author-Name: Ramesh Nair Author-X-Name-First: Ramesh Author-X-Name-Last: Nair Title: The influence of environmental, social, governance factors and firm performance on the sustainable reporting of Malaysian companies Abstract: Sustainability reporting is essential to demonstrate commitment, transparency, and competitive advantage. This study aims to assess the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors and firm performance by using firm value (i.e., Tobin's Q) and firm profitability (ROA), and to what extent the practice of continuously and voluntarily disclosures sustainability activities impacts firm performance. This study utilises the dataset of 47 companies that were listed on the FTSE4G Bursa Malaysia from 2014 to 2017. The findings indicate that there is no significant relationship between ESG factors and firm value as well as firm profitability of companies that continuously issued sustainability reports. However, the result reveals that there is a significant and positive relationship between ESG factors and firm value for companies that continuously listed on the FTSE4G Bursa Malaysia. This implies that the companies have gained a good reputation and competitive advantage, regardless of whether they issued sustainability reports annually. The outcomes of this study will be useful for the sustainable reporting of Malaysian companies. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 407-424 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: ESG; environmental social governance; sustainability reporting; voluntary disclosures; firm performance; firm value; FTSE4G Bursa Malaysia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:407-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Souvik Kumar Ghosh Author-X-Name-First: Souvik Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh Author-Name: Anupam De Author-X-Name-First: Anupam Author-X-Name-Last: De Title: Identification of the internal reasons of public sector bank fraud in India by using confirmatory factor analysis Abstract: In the last three decades, Indian Public Sector Banks has witnessed exponential growth in fraud and fraudulent transactions which are classified into two categories, i.e., internal and external. The current study is to find out the internal reasons through confirmatory factor analysis. Initially, a good number of officers up to Deputy General Manager from various public sector banks were interviewed to identify 23 internal reasons of fraud. Thereafter, based on the information collected through interviews a structured 5 scale questionnaire was prepared to collect responses from different public sector bank employees. Applying Factor Analysis and based on certain criteria, 3 variables were excluded to get 20 variables which are grouped in 4 categories, i.e., factors. Thereafter validity of the constructs through model fit is checked using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Lastly, the most important variable in each factor was identified to focus on the impact areas to curb public sector banks fraud. Journal: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research Pages: 442-466 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2020 Keywords: internal reasons of fraud; public sector bank; factor analysis; confirmatory factor analysis; multiple regression; public sector banks fraud in India; mitigation of fraud risk. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=111104 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijecbr:v:20:y:2020:i:4:p:442-466