Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ritsche Anne Kloosterman Author-X-Name-First: Ritsche Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Kloosterman Author-Name: Jan Peter Van Der Hoek Author-X-Name-First: Jan Peter Van Der Author-X-Name-Last: Hoek Title: An integrated system approach to characterise a drinking water infrastructure system Abstract: The object of this article is the drinking water infrastructure (DWI), a critical societal infrastructure. To make effective decisions it is important to characterise and understand the complexity of DWI systems. DWI systems can be seen as a system of systems, consisting of the social-ecological system and the social-technical system. The social-ecological system determines the location and seize of the water resources, while the social-technical system is about the technical infrastructure. The two systems with different characteristics must align to work effective together in the DWI system. The tension between different lifecycles of the assets and dynamic changes in both systems, the time of change, is important to take into account. The SoPhyTech infra framework was developed based on the two systems and time of change. The advantages of applying the SoPhyTech infra framework is studied in a case comparing two very different DWI systems: Indonesia (Semarang) and the Netherlands (Vitens). The SoPhyTech infra framework was shown to be effective for characterising a DWI system with different interacting lifecycles in different systems and it is expected that it also can be used to characterise other infrastructure systems. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 1-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: system of systems; SoS; decision-making; complexity; drinking water; critical infrastructure; water resources; social-ecological system; technical infrastructure; social-technical system; long-term decisions making; long life time assets; Semarang; Vitens. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:1-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ganesh Sadashiv Kate Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh Sadashiv Author-X-Name-Last: Kate Author-Name: Pandurang Shanakar Patil Author-X-Name-First: Pandurang Shanakar Author-X-Name-Last: Patil Title: Risk analysis and allocation in public-private partnership power transmission line projects Abstract: The aim of this paper is risk analysis for the delivery of public-private partnership (PPP) power transmission line projects in India and to address risk analysis and their proper risk allocation between the different stakeholders involved. An empirical questionnaire survey was designed. A total of 45 valid responses were obtained for data analysis. The expected monetary value method (EVM) is employed for risk analysis and allocation. It was found that one risk was high risk, 65 were moderate, 35 were major, nine were minor risks and two were low risk. Risk allocation was done both phase and stakeholder wise. A key finding from this research is the execution phase of the power transmission line project involves huge risk, i.e., 64% and the project company takes a maximum of 53%. Hence, project company should focus more on critical risk factors of execution phase. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 23-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: public-private partnerships; PPPs; risk; risk analysis; risk allocation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:23-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayberk Karakavuz Author-X-Name-First: Ayberk Author-X-Name-Last: Karakavuz Author-Name: Berna Eren Tokgoz Author-X-Name-First: Berna Eren Author-X-Name-Last: Tokgoz Author-Name: Victor Zaloom Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Zaloom Author-Name: Alberto Marquez Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Marquez Title: Risk assessment of commonly transported chemicals in the Port of Houston Abstract: Handling a wide variety of chemicals in ports increases public safety and environmental concerns. This requires successful risk management to prevent harm to the public and the environment from chemical-related incidents. Minimising risk in port environments is imperative for authorities to ensure continuous and safe port operations. In this study, commonly transported chemicals have been identified in the Port of Houston, and each chemical has been assessed to establish an overall risk score based on its public safety and environmental health effects in case of exposure. Subsequently, a risk score has been determined using toxicity, behaviour and transportation amounts of chemicals, and congestion and visibility in the port at the time of an incident. A practical risk assessment framework has been presented to evaluate and prioritise chemicals based on their risk scores to assist government authorities, first responders, port workers, and emergency planners in their decision-making processes. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 38-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: ports; chemical transportation; risk assessment; port accidents. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:38-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sam Whittaker Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: Whittaker Author-Name: Malik M.A. Khalfan Author-X-Name-First: Malik M.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Khalfan Author-Name: Irfan UlHaq Author-X-Name-First: Irfan Author-X-Name-Last: UlHaq Title: Developing community disaster resilience through preparedness Abstract: Disasters have the potential to cause great devastation, such as significant human, material and environmental loss. Due to the increase in disaster frequency and impacts, there has been a shift in focus from disaster recovery and response to disaster prevention. Preventative disaster management is essential in reducing and eliminating community disaster risk exposure. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of three past events including the 2011 Queensland floods, the Harrietville Community Emergency Management Plan and the Christchurch and Japan earthquakes. By combining the existing literature, secondary qualitative data analysis, a conceptual model of disaster management has been developed. The findings of this research include; the development of a conceptual model that present new concepts to improve the community resilience capabilities; identification of effective methodologies for developing community resilience; the potential implementation of social media as a preparedness strategy; and discussion on community empowerment and a shared responsibility amongst all agencies. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 53-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: disaster resilience; disaster preparedness. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:53-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanjeev Kadam Author-X-Name-First: Sanjeev Author-X-Name-Last: Kadam Author-Name: Prabir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Prabir Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Bandyopadhyay Title: A case study of Elphinstone Road foot-over-bridge stampede in Mumbai Abstract: Planning or implementation delays of critical infrastructure (CI) projects resulted in misfortunes such as accidents, stampedes or deaths. In this descriptive case study, an incidence of the stampede at the suburban train station in Mumbai has discussed. An endeavour has been made to examine underlying causes which instigate direct causes reinforced by contributing causes. Indian Army was being roped in for constructing additional foot-over-bridge (FOB) after the stampede. This case features the earnestness of appropriate and timely development of associated infrastructure in and around suburban stations in Mumbai proportionate to abundant passengers commuting. Post stampede reports from newspapers, televisions channels and the internet have largely used to build this case. Pre and post cause analysis discussion on Elphinstone Road FOB stampede case is an eye-opener to justify sustainable emergency management and associated infrastructure development in Mumbai. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 77-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: associated infrastructure; critical infrastructure; Elphinstone Road; emergency; evacuation; foot-over-bridge; FOB; Mumbai; railway; stampede; suburban train. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=105412 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:77-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qais Saif Qassim Author-X-Name-First: Qais Saif Author-X-Name-Last: Qassim Author-Name: Norziana Jamil Author-X-Name-First: Norziana Author-X-Name-Last: Jamil Author-Name: Muhammad Reza Z'aba Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Z'aba Author-Name: Wan Azlan Wan Kamarulzaman Author-X-Name-First: Wan Azlan Wan Author-X-Name-Last: Kamarulzaman Title: Assessing the cyber-security of the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol in SCADA system Abstract: Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is the heart of almost every critical infrastructure system, whereby SCADA is generally employed in order to control and to monitor both the physical and industrial processes within these systems. It is, thus, of vital importance that any vulnerabilities of SCADA system to be identified and mitigated to prevent unplanned incidents, malicious activities, and cyber-attacks. The IEC 60870-5-104 refers to an international standard applied for tele-control in electrical engineering and power SCADA systems, which appears to be a significant principal protocol in electrical power system automation. Major industrial control vendors employ this protocol to monitor and to manage power utility devices. Nonetheless, IEC 60870-5-104 suffers from several designs and implementation weaknesses in terms of security aspects. As such, this study briefly presents this protocol and summarises its security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it highlights the potential cyber-attacks based on the identified vulnerabilities. Additionally, the paper depicts several possible countermeasures to tighten the security of the SCADA systems. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 91-106 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: supervisory control and data acquisition; SCADA; power system; IEC 60870; cyber attack; security vulnerabilities; encryption; authentication. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:91-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Rehak Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Rehak Author-Name: Simona Slivkova Author-X-Name-First: Simona Author-X-Name-Last: Slivkova Author-Name: Radim Pittner Author-X-Name-First: Radim Author-X-Name-Last: Pittner Author-Name: Zdenek Dvorak Author-X-Name-First: Zdenek Author-X-Name-Last: Dvorak Title: Integral approach to assessing the criticality of railway infrastructure elements Abstract: In the last ten years, considerable attention has been paid to analysing and assessing the criticality of railway infrastructure elements. Publications on the subject mostly assess elements only from a certain point of view, such as purpose, reliability or risk. This leads to only a partial assessment of criticality without continuous correlation, which may result some critical elements of the system being omitted. The article introduces the railway infrastructure criticality assessment tool (RICA tool), which was created to evaluate the criticality of railway infrastructure elements in all aspects. The integral approach of the tool lies in comprehensively assessing the technical and process factors of rail transport. The criticality of railway infrastructure elements is therefore assessed not only in terms of the relevance and resilience of elements but also their interdependence, substitutability, risk and impact. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 107-129 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: railway infrastructure; criticality assessment; integral approach; RICA tool; technical and process factors. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107256 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Open Access Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:107-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dong-yu Ji Author-X-Name-First: Dong-yu Author-X-Name-Last: Ji Author-Name: Guo-yan Zhou Author-X-Name-First: Guo-yan Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou Title: Force analysis and research on bridge inverted siphon project in operating period Abstract: In order to study the stress and deformation distribution of the inverted siphon bridge project. The finite element method is used to analyse the force of the bridge inverted siphon in operating period, the finite element model of bridge inverted siphon structure is established according to the actual engineering conditions. The results show that, the stress change in the inverted siphon is mainly caused by internal water pressure, water pressure is an important load of inverted siphon structure design, the stress value of inverted siphon pipe inner surface is greater than that of outer surface, there was obvious stress concentration at the support of the inverted siphon, local reinforcement should be used in design. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 130-149 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: inverted siphon; operating period; finite element method; simulation model; stress distribution. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:130-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdalmuttaleb M.A. Musleh Al-Sartawi Author-X-Name-First: Abdalmuttaleb M.A. Musleh Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Sartawi Title: Information technology governance and cybersecurity at the board level Abstract: Security breaches are very costly in the USA, followed very closely by the Middle East. Shareholders and investors demand that their firms mitigate all kinds of risks, and it is the responsibility of the BOD to gain and maintain their confidence. In view of this scenario, MENA companies need to protect their data, while the BODs need to embed a culture of cybersecurity in the firm. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between information technology governance (ITG) and the level of cybersecurity by MENA listed firms. The study used a checklist to collect data from a sample of 94 firms listed in the financial stock markets of the MENA countries for the year ended 2018. The study found that there is a significant and direct relationship between ITG and the level of a firm's cybersecurity. This indicates the importance of appointing board members with IT knowledge and experience. This leads to better decisions taken by the BODs when faced with cyber-threats and challenges. In addition, IT expertise on the BODs can be important to understand what the Heads of IT are doing on the inside and, thus being knowledgeable enough to challenge their actions. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 150-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: cyber risk; cybersecurity; information technology governance; ITG; board of directors; MENA countries. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:150-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Noroozian Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Noroozian Author-Name: Ali Sayyah Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Sayyah Title: A new hybrid reliability allocation method, based on developed ME-OWA method, Birnbaum importance measure and fuzzy DEMATEL technique Abstract: Reliability allocation is an important subject in designing products and systems. Maximal entropy ordered weighted averaging (ME-OWA) approach based on DEMATEL allocation method has been developed to cover some of the problems of the subject. However, there are some unexplained critical issues in <i>measurement scale</i>, <i>weights of the allocation factors</i>, <i>considering relations between components</i>, and <i>respecting predicted failure rates</i> that considering them in the mentioned method can result in a more comprehensive reliability allocation scheme in covering the problems. Moreover, the reliability importance of system components, and the fuzziness in DEMATEL method data are not considered in the ME-OWA-based DEMATEL allocation method. To address these issues in this paper, a new hybrid approach is proposed which is based on new ME-OWA weights, Birnbaum importance measure, and fuzzy DEMATEL technique. The results of implementing the new hybrid method on a fighter aircraft's digital flight control computer indicate several benefits of the new developed scheme in considering the stated concerns. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 162-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: reliability allocation; developed ME-OWA method; Birnbaum importance measure; fuzzy DEMATEL method. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:162-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adewale Adekiya Author-X-Name-First: Adewale Author-X-Name-Last: Adekiya Author-Name: Oscar Tiago Fontes Bernardes Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Tiago Fontes Author-X-Name-Last: Bernardes Title: Effect of organisational culture on ICT project success in public higher learning institutions in Nigeria Abstract: Evidences have shown that most projects in developing countries fails at an alarming rate probably due to lack of consideration for critical success factors that are needed in the project management process. In this study, organisational culture is highlighted as one of these factors and its effect on the success of information communication technology infrastructure in three higher educational institutions in Nigeria, was examined. By making use of the cross-sectional survey, research data were elicited from 63 employees/project managers who are deemed as stakeholders to this infrastructure. From the analysis that was conducted, it was discovered based on the perception of these respondents that the ICT infrastructures in these institutions meets and surpasses expectations. Put in another way, these infrastructures may be classified as a success. Additionally, a positive relationship was uncovered between organisational culture and project success which means that project success may be improved by concentrating on manipulating the culture that prevails in an organisational environment. Having this in mind, recommendations were made for organisations to view culture as a veritable tool for enhancing project success. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 187-210 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: organisational culture; information communication technology; ICT; project success; higher institution of learning. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:3:p:187-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hadi Farhangi Author-X-Name-First: Hadi Author-X-Name-Last: Farhangi Author-Name: Dincer Konur Author-X-Name-First: Dincer Author-X-Name-Last: Konur Author-Name: Suzanna Long Author-X-Name-First: Suzanna Author-X-Name-Last: Long Author-Name: Ruwen Qin Author-X-Name-First: Ruwen Author-X-Name-Last: Qin Title: Track inspection schedule planning with time and safety considerations Abstract: The automated track inspection is one of the most common inspection methods used to monitor the health of the rail tracks. Automated inspection is commonly carried out by vehicles equipped with technology capable of ultrasonic track inspection. Scheduling an automated inspection vehicle is, therefore, crucial to optimise the safety benefits achieved from inspection. In this study, we introduce a bi-objective track inspection scheduling problem for an automated ultrasonic inspection vehicle. This model maximises the safety benefits and minimises the time required for completing the scheduled inspections. We propose an evolutionary scheduling heuristic and compare it to a naive greedy scheduling method. Through a numerical study, we conclude that the evolutionary scheduling heuristic outperforms the greedy scheduling heuristic. Furthermore, we note that considering two objectives for track inspection planning leads to inspection schedules with higher safety benefits per unit inspection time. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 211-239 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: track inspection; schedule planning; multi-objective optimisation; heuristics. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:3:p:211-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Polinpapilinho F. Katina Author-X-Name-First: Polinpapilinho F. Author-X-Name-Last: Katina Title: System acquisition pathology: a comprehensive characterisation of system failure modes and effects Abstract: Acquisition systems are shaped by calls for reforming, improving and modification. These calls include tangible processes, tools, and methods geared towards meeting cost, schedule, and technical performance. Failure avoidance is often considered a driving factor in acquisition systems. However, there remains a lack of systems research, particularly the inclusion of systems perspectives in acquisition systems failure analysis. The aim of this research was three-fold: 1) to understand the current state of acquisition systems with an emphasis on success/failures; 2) to elevate general systems theory (GST) as a foundation for the comprehensive characterisation of system acquisition failure, and; 3) to articulate a GST-based approach for identification/assessment of failures in system acquisition. Using GST, a grounded theory method is used to develop a construct for system acquisition pathology and validated in a case application. A method for identification of system acquisition pathology is then described along with implications for system acquisition research. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 255-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: complex system governance; acquisition system; Department of Defense; DoD; general systems theory; GST; (meta)pathology; M-Path; system pathology; system performance; systems engineering; system failure. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:3:p:255-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ganesh Sadashiv Kate Author-X-Name-First: Ganesh Sadashiv Author-X-Name-Last: Kate Author-Name: Pandurang Shanakar Patil Author-X-Name-First: Pandurang Shanakar Author-X-Name-Last: Patil Title: Application of risk analysis and allocation model on public-private partnership power transmission line projects Abstract: The aim of this paper is to apply risk analysis and allocation model on a particular public-private partnership (PPP) power transmission line project in India, so as to asses risks in various phases of PPP power transmission projects. After risk assessment risk allocation is done so that the concerned stakeholders can take migratory action in similar future projects. A case study of the Bongaigaon-Siliguri power transmission line project is studied. The expected monetary value method is used for risk analysis. It is found that the major and high-risk level risk contribution is high. Then risk allocation is done from this it is found that in execution phase risk is more as compared to other phases of the project. In stakeholder wise risk allocation it is found that the project company is taking the maximum risk, which is highest as compared to other stakeholders involved in the PPP power transmission line project. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 240-254 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: public-private partnership; PPP; risk analysis; risk allocation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=108502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:3:p:240-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianning Li Author-X-Name-First: Jianning Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Lusong Yu Author-X-Name-First: Lusong Author-X-Name-Last: Yu Author-Name: Ziqi Li Author-X-Name-First: Ziqi Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Wei Lu Author-X-Name-First: Wei Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Title: Study on seismic performance of long-span railway continuous girder bridges in high seismic intensity region Abstract: In order to study the seismic response characteristics of long-span railway continuous girder bridges, located in the high seismic intensity regions. Take reasonable measures, to solve the seismic problem of fixed piers. This paper introducing a long-span railway continuous girder bridge as a research background, establishes a finite element model, nonlinear seismic response analysis of the whole bridge was carried, using the ductile seismic design method and the seismic isolation method. The parameters of the liquid viscous damper, and its influence on the damping effect are discussed. The results show that when using the ductility seismic design method, the structure relies on the plastic hinge hysteresis mechanism to dissipate the seismic energy, which may causes the large damage of the fixed pier. After damping design, the seismic design difficulty has been reduced. But to further solve the seismic problem, it is recommended that other seismic isolation devices be used simultaneously. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 310-327 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: high seismic intensity region; long-span continuous girder bridge; nonlinear analysis; liquid viscous damper; damping effect. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:4:p:310-327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samir Benammar Author-X-Name-First: Samir Author-X-Name-Last: Benammar Author-Name: Kong Fah Tee Author-X-Name-First: Kong Fah Author-X-Name-Last: Tee Title: Failure probability analysis of heliostat systems Abstract: Heliostats represent the most important maintenance cost in the solar power tower plant. The aim of this work is to provide a failure probability analysis for heliostat design in order to minimize this maintenance cost. Based on mechanics of material study and wind aerodynamic analysis, a performance function, with five random variables, has been developed wherein the random variables are: wind speed, inside and outside pedestal diameters, pedestal yield stress and mirror mass. Four main methods have been proposed: first order reliability method, second order reliability method, Monte Carlo (MC) method and subset simulation (SS) method. The variation of failure probability with the variation of pedestal wall thickness and wind speed, for different outside diameters and heliostat azimuth and elevation angles, has been simulated. The results show that SS is more efficient and accurate for small failure probabilities; however, MC is more accurate for high failure probabilities. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 342-366 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: failure analysis; heliostat; probability of failure; subset simulation; wind load. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112037 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:4:p:342-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianyuan Ni Author-X-Name-First: Jianyuan Author-X-Name-Last: Ni Author-Name: Berna Eren Tokgoz Author-X-Name-First: Berna Eren Author-X-Name-Last: Tokgoz Author-Name: Fei Gao Author-X-Name-First: Fei Author-X-Name-Last: Gao Author-Name: Yueqing Li Author-X-Name-First: Yueqing Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Practical risk assessment tool for the frequently transported chemicals at the Gulf of Mexico ports Abstract: Seaports have to process and maintain numerous dangerous chemicals every day because of the increase in the maritime transportation of these chemicals. Since the location of seaports is close to the cities, they pose a serious threat to the public as well as their immediate environment. However, public and environmental risks of dangerous chemicals are different. To rank risk scores of chemicals for public health, three types of effects have been evaluated. They are acute, chronic and sub-chronic effects. On the other hand, to rank risk scores of chemicals for environment, hazard scores for bioaccumulation, aquatic toxicity, and chronic aquatic toxicity have been calculated. More than 600 of frequently transported chemicals were prioritised for the 14 ports at the Gulf of Mexico (GM). Ports were selected based on their annual cargo volume in 2016. The top 11 substances were presented according to their public and environment risk scores. In addition, a Java-platform software tool with user-defined properties (congestion, visibility, and annual tonnage of chemicals) was developed to display the public and environmental health risk scores in case of a chemical spills. It is believed that such a tool can help port authorities and workers better understand, prevent, and take immediate actions on chemical accident. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 293-309 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: Gulf of Mexico; risk assessment; Java software tool; port management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:4:p:293-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jian-hua Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Jian-hua Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Title: Finite element analysis of continuous curved girder bridge Abstract: Reinforced concrete continuous curved girder bridge is an important structure in highway traffic, due to the complex stress condition of the structure, the numerical simulation analysis before bridge design is particularly important. The finite element method is used to establish the calculation model of reinforced concrete continuous curved girder bridge, according to the load distribution characteristics during the construction and operation of the bridge, the calculation and analysis conditions of the bridge are designed, the most unfavourable position of bridge load is analysed. The results show that, the maximum longitudinal stress of bridge usually occurs at the middle section or support of continuous beam span, this is mainly the stress distribution law of continuous beam structure, the vertical displacement of the bridge shows regular fluctuations at the support and each middle span. The research results provide a reference for the design and construction of reinforced concrete continuous curved girder bridge. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 367-383 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: continuous curved girder; simulation analysis; finite element method; seismic load; stress distribution. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112058 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:4:p:367-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ademola Eyitope Ojo Author-X-Name-First: Ademola Eyitope Author-X-Name-Last: Ojo Title: The socio-economic drivers of public infrastructures development in Nigeria Abstract: The infrastructure development significantly contributes to economic growth and development of any economy. Infrastructure economists believe that infrastructure development also has relationship with a number of socio-economic indicators such as unemployment and gross domestic product per capita, etc. This study investigated the socio-economic drivers that influence infrastructures development (proxy by building and construction economic sector share of GDP) in Nigeria. Using available time series data on public capital expenditure, unemployment rate, inflation rate, population number, gross domestic product per capital and interest rate between 1980 to 2017, subjected to econometric analysis, the result identified unemployment and gross domestic product per capita as socio-economic drivers of infrastructure development, with long-run relationship between infrastructure development and these socio-economic variables. The study concluded that infrastructure development in Nigeria can sustain growth with its attendant benefits and indices. The study recommended increased public capital expenditure budgetary provision on social and economic infrastructures in order for the building and construction economy sector to play its roles in the process of economic growth and development in Nigeria. Journal: Int. J. of Critical Infrastructures Pages: 328-341 Issue: 4 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: socio-economic drivers; infrastructures; public capital expenditure; construction industry; Nigeria. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112063 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:16:y:2020:i:4:p:328-341