Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikoletta Kaszás Author-X-Name-First: Nikoletta Author-X-Name-Last: Kaszás Author-Name: Ildikó Ernszt Author-X-Name-First: Ildikó Author-X-Name-Last: Ernszt Author-Name: Bálint Jakab Author-X-Name-First: Bálint Author-X-Name-Last: Jakab Title: Drivers and barriers of digital transformation - an empirical study on the example of Hungarian companies Abstract: Industry 4.0 has become an unavoidable concept in recent years; many refer to it as the fourth industrial revolution. Although the topic is widely covered in the international literature, empirical studies show that many companies have not started to adopt these new technologies, yet. Thus, in our research we focused on factors supporting and hindering the digital transformation, and this topic was examined through the example of Hungarian enterprises. Based on the responses of the 776 surveyed organisations, we found that there is a moderately strong correlation between barriers and digital maturity, which stems primarily from a lack of knowledge of technology and a lack of trust in human resources. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 245-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: digital transformation; Industry 4.0; drivers; barriers; Hungary. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=133643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:245-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatma Ersoy Duran Author-X-Name-First: Fatma Ersoy Author-X-Name-Last: Duran Author-Name: Emel Yontar Author-X-Name-First: Emel Author-X-Name-Last: Yontar Title: Sustainability studies applied to reverse logistics: an overview of the literature Abstract: Considered within the scope of sustainability, reverse logistics, which includes the recycling process and waste management, is the process of dealing with the current flow from the end consumer to the supplier in the logistics processes in the opposite direction. The aim of this study, which deals with these two important concepts, is to provide a different perspective to the studies to be done in this field by considering the sustainable reverse logistics studies that have been made in the literature over time. In this direction, 52 articles based on sustainable reverse logistics are examined and analysed. With this study, it is aimed to detail the reverse logistics activities, which are one of the areas of use, by drawing attention to the concept of sustainability, and to contribute to the increase of sustainable reverse logistics studies by drawing attention to the gains and gaps in the literature. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 266-285 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: sustainable reverse logistics; sustainability; reverse logistics; logistics. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=133644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:266-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zubair Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Zubair Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Author-Name: Mohd Adib Ismail Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Adib Author-X-Name-Last: Ismail Author-Name: Lokhman Hakim Osman Author-X-Name-First: Lokhman Hakim Author-X-Name-Last: Osman Author-Name: Zizah Che Senik Author-X-Name-First: Zizah Che Author-X-Name-Last: Senik Title: Supply chain flows of the assets in normal, conventional, and Islamic banking financing scenarios: a new perspective Abstract: Assets are significant parts of supply chains. On the other hand, Islamic banking is called asset-backed due to Islamic financial concepts, so the supply chain flows of the assets in normal, conventional and Islamic finance scenarios are different. However, studies are scarce in this regard. Therefore, the study's purpose is to elaborate on the supply chain flows of the assets in normal, conventional, and Islamic financing scenarios. This is a conceptual paper, which uses the library research method and participant observation background of the principal researcher. This study found three propositions that show Islamic banks have a unique stake in the supply chain flows of their financed assets. They are not only stakeholders in the financial and informational supply chain flows, but they must be considered the stakeholders in the ownership supply chain flow. This point makes them different from conventional financers as well as different from the normal supply chain flows of the assets. This study will support making a win-win situation for supply chain entities. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 286-300 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: supply chain flows; financed assets; ownership supply chain flow; physical supply chain flow; financial supply chain flow. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=133645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:286-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammadnaser Ansari Author-X-Name-First: Mohammadnaser Author-X-Name-Last: Ansari Author-Name: Mohsen Nikfar Author-X-Name-First: Mohsen Author-X-Name-Last: Nikfar Author-Name: Jeffrey S. Smith Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey S. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Design, storage location allocation and routing: a comprehensive comparison Abstract: With the current disturbance in the supply chain and sudden shift towards e-commerce with the onset and continued impact of COVID-19, warehousing and warehouse efficiency is once again in the spotlight. Analysing the performance of various methods and approaches in designing, planning, and operating a warehouse has been a subject of interest for researchers. This paper investigates the effect of four main factors in warehouse operations on order-picking total fulfilment time. The number of cross-aisles, storage location assigning approaches, location ranking methods, and routing methods have been examined using a real order data sample. Later, their effect on the order picking time in a traditional parallel aisle warehouse has been investigated. The authors also performed a full analysis of variance (ANOVA) and sensitivity analysis to find the best combination of design, storage location assigning problem (SLAP), and routing, for a set of order data. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 301-327 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: warehouse; routing; design; storage location assigning problem; SLAP; performance. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=133646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:301-327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nita H. Shah Author-X-Name-First: Nita H. Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Author-Name: Pratik H. Shah Author-X-Name-First: Pratik H. Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Author-Name: Milan B. Patel Author-X-Name-First: Milan B. Author-X-Name-Last: Patel Title: Inventory policies with impact of advertisement efforts and static rebate versus dynamic rebate Abstract: In this paper, we have developed an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating products. We have considered the use of preservation technology investments to reduce and control the deterioration rate. The retailer uses frequent advertisements to promote the product and to create awareness among target customers. Retailer implements advance booking strategy together with the production process. Product demand is influenced by product quality, selling price, and advertisement frequency in the phase when there is no deterioration. Once the deterioration of the product starts, the retailer offers a price rebate to clear stock, and hence the product demand gets affected by the rebate also in the deterioration phase. We proposed an iterative method to solve the mathematical problems and its applicability is validated through a numerical example. The study aims to check the impact of static/dynamic rebates and advertisements on sales revenue. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 328-345 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: advertisement; advance booking; preservation; quality; rebate; selling price. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=133647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:3:p:328-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Surendra Vikram Singh Padiyar Author-X-Name-First: Surendra Vikram Singh Author-X-Name-Last: Padiyar Author-Name: Vandana Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Vandana Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Author-Name: Neelanjana Rajput Author-X-Name-First: Neelanjana Author-X-Name-Last: Rajput Title: Multi-echelon supply chain inventory model for perishable items with fuzzy deterioration rate and imperfect production with two-warehouse under inflationary environment Abstract: This paper considers the supply chain (SC) model and develops a model for vendor, supplier, and buyer. Here deterioration rate is uncertain, therefore, deterioration rate is taken as triangular fuzzy number, and defuzzify the total cost by using singed distance method (SDM). Here items with imperfect quality. In this model, supplier uses two-warehouse (TW) to reduce the storage problem, one is own-warehouse (OW) and other is rented warehouse (RW). Here, demand is exponential for vendor and supplier, and stock-dependent for the buyer. Shortage is applicable only at the buyer's end, which is partially backlogged. The objective of this study is to minimise the total cost, as well as it was found that if vendor increases the production rate, then the total cost is coming down in both crisp model and fuzzy model. We have illustrated the model by a numerical example and sensitivity analysis. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 144-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: multi-echelon supply chain; fuzzy deterioration rate; imperfect production; two warehouses; variable demand rate and inflation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=131678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:144-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Sutrisno Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Sutrisno Author-Name: S. Solikhin Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Solikhin Author-Name: Purnawan Adi Wicaksono Author-X-Name-First: Purnawan Adi Author-X-Name-Last: Wicaksono Title: Integrated decision-making tool for raw material procurement, inventory management, and production planning in the probabilistic environment via bi-objective stochastic programming Abstract: In this paper, a mathematical optimisation model is proposed to solve problems in an integrated supply chain including the procurement of raw materials, inventory management, and production planning in a probabilistic environment concerning multiple raw materials, supplier alternatives, product types, and review time. The term 'probabilistic environment' means that there are some unknown parameters treated as a random variable. The bi-objective stochastic programming is used to calculate the optimal decision for the lot of raw materials procured from each supplier and stored in the inventory, and the lot of products manufactured in the production unit. A numerical experiment illustrating the implementation of the provided model is also discussed in this research. The results showed that the given problem is well solved, and the optimal decision is achieved. This confirms that the provided model can be implemented by decision-makers as their decision-making tool. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 129-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: bi-objective stochastic programming; decision-making tool; inventory management; probabilistic environment; production planning; raw material procurement. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=131679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:129-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Halil Hilmi Öz Author-X-Name-First: Halil Hilmi Author-X-Name-Last: Öz Author-Name: Bahar Özyörük Author-X-Name-First: Bahar Author-X-Name-Last: Özyörük Title: Performance measurement in non-profit fourth party reverse logistics: an application in a foundation specialised in packaging waste Abstract: In the existence of constraints of other modes of operations in reverse logistics (RL), non-profit fourth party reverse logistics (NP-4PRL) is a promising operation mode to effectively deal with inherent uncertainties and complexities of RL. However, there is hardly little research available about NP-4PRL, especially in performance measurement (PM), in literature. This paper aims to develop and validate a PM methodology and a measurement framework for non-profit organisations (NPOs) operating in 4PRL. To build a discussion background, the paper presents literature on 4PRL and measurement frameworks. Then, it develops a PM methodology and a measurement framework based on a hybrid model, which utilises triple bottom line and performance prism measurement frameworks. The PM methodology and the measurement framework developed for NP-4PRL are validated through a survey, which is executed with face-face interviews with experts from a foundation operating in packaging waste product category. Moreover, the total performance index (TPI) calculation approach is shown to work correctly on a hypothetic example to measure business performance of NPOs operating in 4PRL. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 173-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: fourth party reverse logistics; non-profit organisations; NPOs; third party logistics; 3PL; performance measurement; PM; triple bottom line; performance prism; supply chain management. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=131680 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:173-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soumaya Elyoussoufi Author-X-Name-First: Soumaya Author-X-Name-Last: Elyoussoufi Author-Name: Mohamed Mazouzi Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Mazouzi Author-Name: Anass Cherrafi Author-X-Name-First: Anass Author-X-Name-Last: Cherrafi Author-Name: Jamal Elbaz Author-X-Name-First: Jamal Author-X-Name-Last: Elbaz Title: The excellence heart 2.0: a holistic model for sustained and innovative business excellence tested in an HVAC company Abstract: Achieving organisational excellence is an issue that has prompted both the scientific community and business managers. Several models are proposed. Unfortunately, such models tend to divide the approach or suggest complicated frameworks not adaptable to different companies. Based on literature reviews, Amazon's story, and TRIZ papers in management, we have developed a holistic and adaptable model that stimulates the company's creativity, agility, and sustainability. A case study in an HVAC company highlights the advantages of the model, which will initiate a new approach to business excellence. Moreover, further research can be conducted to test the model through case studies in different businesses and fields. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 204-228 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: holistic framework; innovative model; excellence; business; TRIZ; strategy; evolution system; HVAC; excellence heart; Lean Six Sigma; LSS; Amazon. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=131682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:204-228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siriporn Loetyingyot Author-X-Name-First: Siriporn Author-X-Name-Last: Loetyingyot Title: Green logistics service potential to enhance competitive advantage of logistics service provider in Nakhon Ratchasima Province of Thailand Abstract: The study aims to: 1) investigate the causal relationship factors of green logistic service potential from logistics service providers; 2) provide green logistics service development guidelines to enhance competitive advantage. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in this study. The instrument was questionnaires with 127 samples being collected. An in-depth interview was used with logistics executives in order to understand the service quality standard. The multiple regression analysis was employed in this study. The results indicated that: 1) green logistics service potential affected competitive advantages. These potentialities were green transportation management, customer relationship management and communication technology ability. The causal factors were social responsibility awareness and the external pressure affected green logistics service potential; 2) the green logistics service development guideline showed that the government should establish an organisation to be responsible for consulting green logistics service. All business sectors should collaboratively to improve green logistics services. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 229-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: green logistics service potential; social responsibility awareness; external pressure; competitive advantage; Thailand. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=131686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:229-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noorul Shaiful Fitri Abdul Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Noorul Shaiful Fitri Abdul Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Author-Name: Abdelsalam Adam Hamid Author-X-Name-First: Abdelsalam Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Hamid Author-Name: Nur Hazwani Karim Author-X-Name-First: Nur Hazwani Author-X-Name-Last: Karim Author-Name: Mohammad Khairuddin Othman Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Khairuddin Author-X-Name-Last: Othman Author-Name: Abdelghani Benayoune Author-X-Name-First: Abdelghani Author-X-Name-Last: Benayoune Author-Name: Muhammad Subhan Ishak Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Subhan Author-X-Name-Last: Ishak Title: A proposed hybrid VUCA theory and decision making for logistics enterprises in Oman due to uncertainty contemporary factors Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of the industrial revolution 4.0, the recent fuel price crisis, and the vision of the Sultanate of Oman logistics strategy 2040 are forcing the Omani logistics sector to determine its capability in handling these four issues simultaneously. This study proposes a decision-making model for small and medium logistics enterprises in Oman for analysing numerous potential business strategies by considering the uncertainty of contemporary factors. A hybrid of multiple-criteria decision-making methods, namely, the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy link-based approach and evidential reasoning approach, were used in this study. It was found that the 'centralised business activities' business strategy is preferable and more essential to be implemented immediately, mainly due to the geographical market positioning reason. This novel study contributes to developing the decision model for the Logistics Enterprises in Oman as a new measurement when dealing with the uncertainty of external factors of the business environment. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 1-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: operations management; logistics management; decision making; uncertainty supply chain; small-medium enterprises; VUCA theory. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=130457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:1-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rohit Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Rohit Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Manish Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Manish Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Title: Modelling cloud computing adoption barriers for Indian SMEs' supply chain using TISM and MICMAC analysis Abstract: The implementation of CC can have an impact on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises by changing the process of designing, producing, delivering, and discarding products. CC is advantageous to emerging countries, particularly India, and requires a comprehensive description for proper understanding and application in business. The aim of this paper is to identify the impediments to CC adoption from the perspective of Indian SMEs. The present research work is to identify the barriers to adopting CC in Indian SMEs using extensive literature and the response obtained from experts. The second main objective of this research is to develop an interpretive hierarchy of CC adoption barriers using TISM technique and categorise these identified barriers into different clusters using MICMAC analysis. This paper identifies four driving barriers named: 1) lack of government support; 2) low understanding of CC; 3) limitation of IT system; 4) lack of connectivity. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 30-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: digital technology; supply chain integration; supply chain relationship; inhibiting factor for ICT adoption; cloud computing adoption. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=130466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:30-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elham Shadkam Author-X-Name-First: Elham Author-X-Name-Last: Shadkam Title: Investigating the multi-objective optimisation problem of supplier selection using the new COTOP hybrid method Abstract: In recent years, selecting the best supplier in the supply chain problem has become a strategically important issue. The nature of this problem is usually complex and there are conflicting objectives. Selecting the best supplier will significantly reduce the cost of purchasing materials and the delivery time. It also increases the level of competitiveness of organisations. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to solve multi-objective optimisation problems. The proposed method in this paper has been used to solve the evaluation and selection of the appropriate supplier. The proposed hybrid method is a combination of the cuckoo optimisation algorithm (COA) and the TOPSIS method and is therefore called COTOP. The speed and accuracy of the results from the implementation of the proposed COTOP method on the supplier selection problem show the efficiency of the algorithm in solving multi-objective problems, and this method can well identify the Pareto frontier of the problem. Due to the use of the cuckoo optimisation algorithm, the proposed COTOP method can be used in large-scale problems, and due to the use of the TOPSIS method, there is no concern in terms of the number of objective functions. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 79-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: supplier selection; supply chain; TOPSIS; cuckoo optimisation algorithm; hybrid method. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=130468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:79-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sahand Ashtab Author-X-Name-First: Sahand Author-X-Name-Last: Ashtab Author-Name: Babak Mohamadpour Tosarkani Author-X-Name-First: Babak Mohamadpour Author-X-Name-Last: Tosarkani Title: Scenario-based multi-objective optimisation model based on supervised machine learning to configure a plastic closed-loop supply chain network Abstract: Plastic recycling has received a lot of attention around the world. In this regard, a multi-objective optimisation model for plastic closed loop supply chain (CLSC) configuration is developed. Specifically, this paper simultaneously investigates the impact of adding washing machines to plastic recovery centres and corporations' role in consumer awareness on plastic recycling on plastic CLSC network configuration cost and carbon dioxide (i.e., CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB>) emissions. Our numerical results indicate that the combination of adding washing machines to recovery centres, and increased return of plastic products due of increased corporate responsibility in consumer awareness have the potential to contribute to both economic and environmental pillars of sustainability by decreasing the design cost, i.e., by 3.93%, and CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions, i.e., by 14.24%. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to consider the effects of unpredictable changes in demand and return. The implications of our study concerning social sustainability, policymakers, and municipalities are discussed. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 106-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: multi-objective optimisation; machine learning technique; logistic regression; corporate responsibility; closed loop supply chain; CLSC; plastic. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=130469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:106-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Deepika Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Deepika Title: Selection of ideal supplier in e-procurement for manufacturing industry using intuitionistic fuzzy AHP Abstract: Purchasing plays a momentous role in establishing relationships with a plethora of business partners in supply chain and is pivotal concerning overall firm operations and supply chain performance. Majority of firms militate against the cost-competitive world in reducing the overall component cost by scrutinising cost-effective suppliers. E-procurement is one of the pre-eminent features in supply chain management (SCM) and has garnered considerable attention among manufacturing industries in the Middle East. Due to its distinct nature, a glut of novice criteria and sub-criteria has been augmented with the traditional classifications for selecting a consummate supplier. Initially, the selected criteria were analysed and compared by deriving priority weights using AHP, FAHP and IF-AHP, respectively. Subsequently, we focused on utilising IF-AHP for the first time in e-procurement for efficient supplier selection. Of particular note, this study assists the firm in optimising the evaluation of impeccable supplier selection in e-procurement based on key criteria. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 56-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2023 Keywords: e-procurement; supplier selection; multi-criteria decision making; MCDM; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process; FAHP; intuitionistic preference relation; IPR; intuitionistic fuzzy set; IFS; consistency. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=130484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:56-78