Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tripti Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Tripti Author-Name: Ravi Shankar Author-X-Name-First: Ravi Author-X-Name-Last: Shankar Title: Modelling a sustainable agri-food supply chain: a theoretic system construct Abstract: Stakeholders in an agri-food supply chain (AFSC) have responsibility to embrace sustainability as a yardstick to measure their business operations. System-based thinking for an AFSC is essential to harmonise interest of each parties while identifying and evaluating various critical success factors (CSFs) considering stakeholder's view in a sustainability perspective. This study examines relevant critical variables statistically tested for reliability and consistency for implementing system wide sustainability in AFSC. The total interpretative structural modelling (TISM) digraph is derived from the inter-relationship of the variables and the matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis (MICMAC) technique is used to priorities the CSFs based on the potency of their driving and dependence linkages. The developed model offers discussion, analysis and managerial implication in the light of stakeholder-oriented management within the overall paradigm of system sustainability. The study establishes that the government's role is the most important critical variable which conditions the whole system by offering guiding principles to all stakeholders for policy advancement and effective implementation. The study would help supply chain managers to avoid accumulating data that have little relevancy rather focus on the data built around critical variables only. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 1-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: system sustainability; critical success factor; CSF; stakeholder management; sustainable agri-food supply chain; total interpretative structural modelling; TISM; matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis; MICMAC. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:1-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankita Kashyap Author-X-Name-First: Ankita Author-X-Name-Last: Kashyap Author-Name: Pooja Lakhanpal Author-X-Name-First: Pooja Author-X-Name-Last: Lakhanpal Title: Development of levels of buyer-supplier collaboration: a Delphi study Abstract: The world is witnessing a stupendous increase in collaborative buyer-supplier practices in sustainable supply chains due to large-scale globalisation and mounting stakeholder pressure. There is an increasing need for classifying collaborative parameters into stages and levels of progression. With various already existing indicators of buyer supplier collaboration, classifying these collaborative parameters into stages and levels of progression is required to understand the development of these practices. This paper attempts to identify various significant indicators of such collaborations in Indian markets and to establish the different levels of collaborative spectrum Indian buyer's and supplier's perspective. This study uses a Delphi method to identify, rank and categorise the significant factors in levels of buyer-supplier collaboration using multi stakeholder viewpoints. A total of 66 experts comprising of academicians, NGOs and representatives of buyers and suppliers were selected to participate in the three rounds of the Delphi study. The study establishes seven levels of buyer-supplier collaboration that represent consensus-based indicators and display stages of locally accepted assessment of sustainable supply chain collaboration. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 27-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: buyer supplier collaboration; supply chain; sustainable; sustainable supply chain. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:27-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Domnina Author-X-Name-First: Olga Author-X-Name-Last: Domnina Author-Name: Tatyana Sakulyeva Author-X-Name-First: Tatyana Author-X-Name-Last: Sakulyeva Author-Name: Andrey Solovev Author-X-Name-First: Andrey Author-X-Name-Last: Solovev Author-Name: Rodion Rogulin Author-X-Name-First: Rodion Author-X-Name-Last: Rogulin Title: Risk management in supply chains under COVID-19 conditions Abstract: Coronavirus pandemic in 2020 posed new challenges for supply chains, requiring a rethinking of risk assessment approaches, with a focus on post-pandemic recovery and SC's ability to adapt to new business conditions. This study is aimed at performing a descriptive and comparative analysis of the potential risks of supply chains in a number of countries, as well as at assessing the processes of their integration into global supply chains based on the Global Resilience Index FM 2020 as a parameter of resilience of an entity to disruptive events, which fully meets the requirements for a comprehensive assessment of supply chain risks. According to the findings, when formulating a supply chain risk management strategy, the focus should be on an analysis of the external environment and the sustainability of the supply chain. The results and methods of this study can be applied by top managers of supply chain risk management, while government officials can use the results and methods of this article to determine policy for supply chain management. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 53-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: risk management; COVID-19 conditions; supply chain; resilience index; risk factors. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:53-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hasan Halife Author-X-Name-First: Hasan Author-X-Name-Last: Halife Author-Name: Malek Alshukur Author-X-Name-First: Malek Author-X-Name-Last: Alshukur Title: Impact of revenue-sharing contracts on improving profits for manufacturers and suppliers in the supply chain of organic textile products Abstract: This article is concerned with designing a supply chain for organic textile products to improve, to increase and to ensure a fair distribution of profits for all participants in such a supply chain. To make such a supply chain as an integrated system, it was first important to ensure that the cotton products are produced organically, and then to suggest a supply chain in a 'win-win' strategy. The various contracts possible between the various members of the supply chain were presented and analysed mathematically using game theory. It was found that there were six possible contracts based on the scenarios of the game between the suppliers and the vendors. Further, it was possible to define the conditions which improve the profits in comparison with the case in which these contracts were not employed. This study is important because it promotes sustainability through encouraging the trade in organic cottons. Additionally, it helps in ensuring a fair distribution of the benefits and in improving profit shares for most members of the supply chain of organic cotton, in particular suppliers and manufacturers. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 69-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: supply chain; organic textiles; green products; revenue-sharing contracts; game theory. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:69-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Budhi Haryanto Author-X-Name-First: Budhi Author-X-Name-Last: Haryanto Author-Name: Joseph Aditya Pandu Gunawan Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Aditya Pandu Author-X-Name-Last: Gunawan Author-Name: Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitra Author-X-Name-First: Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Author-X-Name-Last: Fenitra Author-Name: Ansar Abbas Author-X-Name-First: Ansar Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas Title: The role of culture adoption in moderating the influence of country image, corporate image, brand image on brand attitude and purchase intention toward foreign brands Abstract: This study examines the role of cultural adoption in moderating the relationship of country image to corporate image and brand image to brand attitude and purchase intention to foreign brands. During the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was conducted online for Indonesian people interested in the Japanese restaurant Sushi Tei. The data collected from 171 respondents were analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that only corporate image and brand image were found to significantly affect brand attitude and purchase intention, while country image was insignificant. Furthermore, in the moderation test, the homologiser moderation effect was found. Culture adoption did not moderate any relationships between the conceptualised variables, but what was found was a significant relationship between culture adoption and brand attitude. The mediation test found that brand attitude partially mediated the relationship between corporate image, brand image, and purchase intention. This study also discusses its implications, both theoretically and practically, and its implications for future studies. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 89-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: country image; corporate image; brand image; brand attitude; purchase intention; cultural adoption. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=122437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:89-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debesh Mishra Author-X-Name-First: Debesh Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra Author-Name: Suchismita Satapathy Author-X-Name-First: Suchismita Author-X-Name-Last: Satapathy Title: The challenges and problems in the implementation of supply chain management in small and medium-scale industries: a case study of Indian coir industries Abstract: For sustainable economic development, the rural or small or medium-scale industry play a vital role. By encouraging in setting-up of these industries in diverse regions of country will help in the attainment of political freedoms, economic freedoms and also in the foundation of newer social orders. The Indian coir industry has been regarded as one of the rural or small or medium scale industry when compared to other emerging industries. However, due to a number of constraints, the present coir industries are degrading in terms of their growth and development. An effective implementation of supply chain management (SCM) strategy would ensure in proper functioning of these coir sectors in a competitive level. Therefore, this study aimed at making a SWOT analysis of the existing coir industries in Odisha state in India, which was further followed by the identification of the challenges and problems for effective implementation of SCM strategies. Moreover, the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) method was used to find the interrelations among those challenging variables and to develop an interrelationship model followed by 'Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) ' analysis in order to have a wider vision on the present SCM implementation strategies and concerned issues. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 109-138 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: coir industries; challenges; strength; weaknesses; opportunities and threats; SWOT; supply chain management; SCM; factor-analysis; interpretive structural modelling; ISM; MICMAC; Odisha; India. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124346 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:109-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ardavan Babaei Author-X-Name-First: Ardavan Author-X-Name-Last: Babaei Author-Name: Majid Khedmati Author-X-Name-First: Majid Author-X-Name-Last: Khedmati Author-Name: Mohammad Reza Akbari Jokar Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Reza Akbari Author-X-Name-Last: Jokar Title: Evaluation of supply chain routes based on control engineering and DEA considering traffic congestion and uncertainty Abstract: In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to assess the flow distribution based on the traffic criterion. In the mathematical model, the resilience and stability criteria are developed based on the concepts of control engineering and optimal control. The results show that the route stability is dependent on the traffic parameter. Then, considering several factors including stability, safety, resilience, risk-averse investment, the environment and noise, a decision-making model is presented to evaluate the performance of the flow distribution routes during crises. Goal programming and data-oriented modelling are used to solve the mathematical model. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used as the data-oriented model to evaluate the performance of scenarios under uncertainty. Furthermore, a decision-making methodology is proposed for ranking the routes. The results show that increasing beta can lead to lower desirability of a route. Finally, a managerial analysis is presented based on efficiency, risk, and PEST measures. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 139-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: energy distribution; supply chain routes; uncertainty; crisis situations; traffic criterion; decision-making; efficiency. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:139-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aicha Elaiche Author-X-Name-First: Aicha Author-X-Name-Last: Elaiche Author-Name: Ali Osman Kusakci Author-X-Name-First: Ali Osman Author-X-Name-Last: Kusakci Title: Impact of social sustainability on supply chain performance with mediating effect of differentiation: the case of Moroccan manufacturing firms Abstract: This study examines the relationship between social sustainability practices (SSPs) and supply chain performance (SCP) indicators in the context of Moroccan manufacturing companies with a three-step research methodology. Among the various supply chain KPIs used in the literature, the three most preferred by supply chain experts were selected with interval type-2 fuzzy AHP (IT2F-AHP) method, which offers an accurate approach in subjective decision-making situations. Afterwards, the data collected with the developed instrument were evaluated using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. Lastly, in order to understand the nature of the inferred relationship, the moderating role of differentiation, as a competitive advantage strategy, was assessed. The findings obtained show that there is a significant relationship between social sustainability and SCP for the Moroccan manufacturing sector, which may inspire further research in other developing markets. Additionally, it has been found that differentiation has a total mediation effect on the two aforementioned constructs' relationship. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 167-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: social sustainability; supply chain performance; differentiation; interval type-2 fuzzy AHP; structural equation modelling; sustainability; manufacturing; supply chain; Morocco; social sustainability practices. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:167-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Tharani Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Tharani Author-Name: R. Uthayakumar Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Uthayakumar Title: A novel integrated approach on growing supply chain for multi-species poultries with carbon emission and preservation technology Abstract: This study comes up with a two echelon growing supply chain consisting of a primary poulterer and a secondary poulterer for multi-species poultries. We derive the mathematical growing inventory model with preservative technique, quantity discount and carbon emission. We classify the emission into two types, namely the direct and indirect emissions. We incorporate the quantity discount as a function of secondary poulterer's order quantity and it is inscribed to be all-unit-discount format. The objective is to maximise the profit function of both the poulterer individually and also integrated approach. Numerical illustrations and sensitivity are carried out to show the application of the proposed model. In this study, a genetic algorithm (GA) tool has been developed to find the expected maximum profit cost of the proposed inventory model. Also we compare the results of each poulterer individually with the integrated approach of two poulterers. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 198-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: integrated supply chain; growing inventory model; carbon emission; preservation technology; quantity discounts. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:198-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Esteban Granda-Muñoz Author-X-Name-First: Diego Esteban Author-X-Name-Last: Granda-Muñoz Author-Name: Geovanny David Espinel-Alvear Author-X-Name-First: Geovanny David Author-X-Name-Last: Espinel-Alvear Author-Name: Christian Eduardo Villagómez-Ramírez Author-X-Name-First: Christian Eduardo Author-X-Name-Last: Villagómez-Ramírez Author-Name: Sonia Valeria Avilés-Sacoto Author-X-Name-First: Sonia Valeria Author-X-Name-Last: Avilés-Sacoto Author-Name: Galo Eduardo Mosquera-Recalde Author-X-Name-First: Galo Eduardo Author-X-Name-Last: Mosquera-Recalde Title: Supply schedule and vehicle routing problem for a home appliance distribution company Abstract: Worldwide, distribution companies face logistics problems associated with finding proper routes and delivery frequencies, triggering high logistics costs and low service levels. This is the case of an Ecuadorian home appliance distribution company, whose particular concern is reducing its logistics costs by enhancing its supply schedule with optimal routes, thus satisfying its customers. Using the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) optimisation model as a baseline, and including new restrictions aligned to the company's needs, optimal routes are obtained. Then, a new scheduling model is proposed to cover all the company's requirements to create a favourable supply schedule, respecting the shipping capacity of the distribution centre as well as its trucks. As a result, the logistics costs are noticeably reduced because the daily supply is stabilised in terms of money flow with a minimum number of visits while covering the demand. Thus, the company becomes agile, flexible, and competitive. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 221-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: supply schedule; clustering; optimal routes; flow of money; home appliances; distribution system; customer location; truck capacity; transportation costs; vehicle routing problem; supply logistics operations; k-means algorithms; vehicle fleet; distribution centre. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=124359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:221-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yaling Feng Author-X-Name-First: Yaling Author-X-Name-Last: Feng Title: Container freight rate level forecasting with machine learning methods Abstract: In an ocean container transportation market, the fluctuation of spot rate is volatile, making it difficult for market players to optimise freight related operations. This paper applies an multivariant approach to first identify the significant factors affecting rate development and then utilises machine learning methods to handle the complex multivariant nonlinearities, attempting to achieve an balance between forecasting accuracy and economic factor interpretation. In the Far East-Europe trade case study, it is found that four key factors, demand, the fitting value of ARIMA model, utilisation rate and containership fleet growth, affect the rate significantly; and among the tested machine learning methods, random forest outperforms the other. Comparing with the best univarite model (ARIMA), the obtained multivariant model performs equally well, indicating that despite of the complex nonlinearities between the variables in container freight, multivariant modelling in combination with machine learning methods has the potential for reliable prediction. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 245-263 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: container freight rate; multivariant forecasting; univariate forecasting; machine learning. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125689 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:245-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natnael Nigussie Goshu Author-X-Name-First: Natnael Nigussie Author-X-Name-Last: Goshu Author-Name: Semu Mitiku Kassa Author-X-Name-First: Semu Mitiku Author-X-Name-Last: Kassa Title: Stochastic sequential supply chain management system: with a solution approach using the systematic sampling evolutionary method Abstract: Supply chain management describes a complex sequence of strategies implemented by multiple decision makers to transform raw materials into products and deliver to the market. Mathematical formulations of such problems involve hierarchical games with some form of stochastic properties in the problem definition. Such kind of mathematical problems are generally known to be NP-hard and are challenging to solve. This paper considers a general form of supply chain management problem with various forms of model formulations and analysis. Moreover, a solution approach based on a systematic sampling evolutionary method is also proposed to solve any form of such problem definitions to obtain a Stackelberg equilibrium or Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium solution. The convergence of the solution approach is shown. The reliability of the proposed method is checked. In addition to this, the algorithm is implemented on carefully constructed stochastic supply chain management problems and solutions to these problems are presented. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 264-288 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: supply chain management; Stackelberg equilibrium; Nash equilibrium; sample average approximation; systematic sampling. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:264-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olli-Pekka Hilmola Author-X-Name-First: Olli-Pekka Author-X-Name-Last: Hilmola Title: Did the COVID-19 crisis change inventory efficiency? Evidence from Finland Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many things changed within a short notice; shutdowns as well as openings of economies and factories were unsynchronised and unpredictable throughout the world in 2020. However, demand was sustained rather well due to ultra-loose monetary policies and low interest rates. Therefore, it is needed to know, how inventory efficiency developed in this environment. This research work examines Finnish publicly traded companies from the manufacturing and retail industry and their inventory efficiency. Findings illustrate that the year 2020 did not have that much impact on inventory efficiency. It seems that trajectories which started in 2010 remain - inventory turns are getting lower at a moderate pace, and inventory investments are increasing in absolute terms. However, share of inventories from total assets remains as unchanged. In conclusion, inventory efficiency has barely changed at all (within the three used measures). Different forces and changes must have had neutralising effects on each other in 2020. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 289-305 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: inventory efficiency; COVID-19; Finland. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:289-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nitipon Tansakul Author-X-Name-First: Nitipon Author-X-Name-Last: Tansakul Author-Name: Suthathip Suanmali Author-X-Name-First: Suthathip Author-X-Name-Last: Suanmali Author-Name: Thanwadee Chinda Author-X-Name-First: Thanwadee Author-X-Name-Last: Chinda Title: Development of supply chain performance index in dynamic environment: structural equation model Abstract: Since the performance of suppliers critically influences the overall supply chain performance (SCP), the identification and evaluation of SCP through the standard index is an important approach to identifying the problem and improving SCP. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a SCP measurement index in a specific context and environment. In addition, the index for SCP should be adjustable to be compatible with a specific ecosystem (industry, country, culture, etc.). The purpose of this research is to construct an adaptable SCP measurement model based on the perception of stakeholders who directly participate in a supply chain. This research conducted an empirical survey on 210 automotive companies in Thailand to validate the proposed method. Then, the structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the relationships among influential factors in a supply chain. In consequence, an index is constructed by employing influential weights obtained from SEM. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 306-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: supply chain performance index; supply chain flexibility; SCF; automotive industry; structural equation modelling; SEM; supply chain integration; SCI. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125692 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:306-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ly Thi Thao Diep Author-X-Name-First: Ly Thi Thao Author-X-Name-Last: Diep Author-Name: Rujira Chaysiri Author-X-Name-First: Rujira Author-X-Name-Last: Chaysiri Title: A joint location-distribution-inventory model for a multi-echelon supply chain network considering multi-sourcing, drop-shipping, and lateral transhipment Abstract: Competitive pressure in the global marketplace requires enterprises to establish efficient distribution planning and inventory management in a supply chain. This study proposes a framework to optimise distribution and inventory decisions, integrating decisions of opening or closing facilities in a multi-echelon supply chain network under non-stationary demand. The model adopts distribution requirements planning (DRP) and considers flexible distribution strategies, including multiple sourcing, drop-shipping, and lateral transhipment to minimise the total expected cost. The original stochastic model has been transformed into an equivalent deterministic mixed-integer linear programming model by using the sample average approximation (SAA) technique. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the model and its practical applications. The model that adopted multiple flexible distribution strategies outperforms the models that adopted a single distribution strategy. This study is useful for enterprises who sell products through their physical stores and online stores on e-commerce platforms or company private websites. Journal: Int. J. of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling Pages: 331-358 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2022 Keywords: multi-echelon supply chain network; distribution requirement planning; multiple sourcing; drop-shipping; lateral transhipment; demand uncertainty; multi-channel distribution; flexible distribution strategy; opening or closing facility. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=125693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijbpsc:v:13:y:2022:i:3:p:331-358