Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nor Azi Asminda Johari Author-X-Name-First: Nor Azi Asminda Author-X-Name-Last: Johari Author-Name: Darius El Pebrian Author-X-Name-First: Darius El Author-X-Name-Last: Pebrian Author-Name: Shamilah Ahmad Mokhtor Author-X-Name-First: Shamilah Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Mokhtor Author-Name: Rohaida Mohammad Author-X-Name-First: Rohaida Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammad Author-Name: Amir Hamzah Ahmad Author-X-Name-First: Amir Hamzah Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad Title: Modelling the effect of some operational parameters on grain loss in mechanised rice harvesting: a case study in Malaysian paddy fields Abstract: Excessive grain loss is still a persistence problem in mechanised rice harvesting using combine harvester in Malaysian paddy fields. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a model for predicting the effect of some operational parameters on grain loss during mechanised harvesting operation. Three operational parameters that always associated with grain loss were measured through direct field measurements on the daily harvesting operations in the sampled rice granaries. The measured parameters included field speed of combine harvester, grain moisture, and soil moisture contents. Regression and correlation analyses were employed to develop the model estimation. The results of the predictive model exposed the fitted model with a strong relationship between associated variables and established the measured parameters to determine the grain loss. The findings would be beneficial in assisting the rice farmers to predict grain loss during harvesting and minimise excessive grain loss in mechanised harvesting operations in Malaysia. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 23-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: mechanised harvesting; grain loss; combine harvester. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:23-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosina Baadu Author-X-Name-First: Rosina Author-X-Name-Last: Baadu Author-Name: Abdullah Shamsiah Author-X-Name-First: Abdullah Author-X-Name-Last: Shamsiah Author-Name: Hendry Joseph Author-X-Name-First: Hendry Author-X-Name-Last: Joseph Title: Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation potential for sustainable production of aerobic rice var. MR1A Abstract: A pot culture experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different mycorrhiza inoculants and phosphate fertiliser application on the growth and nutrient uptake of aerobic rice var. MR1A. The contribution of mycorrhizae has been well acknowledged in sustainable agriculture. Mycorrhizae can influence the key ecosystem process of soil aggregation, act as an acquisition of soil nutrient absorption to improve the plant growth via their hyphae and alter the morphology of a root system by forming more branches and adventitious roots that functionally extend the root system of the plant. The results indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) had increased the efficiency of phosphate fertiliser uptake by the plant. This is due to the ability of MR1A seedlings to form a symbiotic relationship with AMF inoculums. Thus, the information gathered from this study herein will help us to understand the role of AMF towards sustainable agriculture. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 63-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; Glomus mosseae; aerobic rice; Oryza sativa L. var. MR1A; phosphorus. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107063 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:63-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ratnmala Nivrutti Bhimanpallewar Author-X-Name-First: Ratnmala Nivrutti Author-X-Name-Last: Bhimanpallewar Author-Name: Manda Rama Narasingarao Author-X-Name-First: Manda Rama Author-X-Name-Last: Narasingarao Title: AgriRobot: implementation and evaluation of an automatic robot for seeding and fertiliser microdosing in precision agriculture Abstract: In recent years, agriculture solutions using robotics and the internet of things (IoT) technology provided advanced agricultural support for farmers to produce food products with the highest yields. However, a lack of effective and efficient agricultural device has resulted in the wide adoption of this IoT technique recently. This study presents an automatic seeding and fertiliser micro-dosing robot for farmers to achieve precision farming. The automatic robotic device for seed planting and micro-dosing of fertiliser is adapted to plant various types of seed and particularly well adapted to the plant seeds with micro-dosing fertiliser. The new option controls the number of seeds and quantifies the fertiliser quantity at each dropping point. It is also able to control the distance between each dropping point. This study has implemented the proof-of-concept prototype by the IoT system to demonstrate the feasibility of the agricultural outcomes. The experiments performed in the real-world environment which showed the effectiveness and efficiency of the device under different conditions. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 33-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: agriculture machinery; fertiliser micro dosing; precision agriculture; robotic; seeding. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:33-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuraeni Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Nuraeni Author-Name: Mais Ilsan Author-X-Name-First: Mais Author-X-Name-Last: Ilsan Author-Name: Aminah Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Aminah Title: Economic impact of community forest management on farmers: an Indonesian perspective Abstract: This study conducted a profit analysis to understand the economic impact of community forest management on farmers in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study results showed that a farmers' income sourced from the community forest about IDR 13.581.750 and non-community forest about IDR 1.100.000 where community forest contributed more to a total income than non-community forest. According to the outcome, it is found that income from community forest and non-community forest contributed to the farmers' financial gain per person about IDR 14.681.750 a year to maintain the living condition and get rid of the poverty line. However, there are several disputes on policies are existed those are affecting the community forest to be managed in the South Sulawesi. To overcome the existing disputes and problems, there is a need for revision on the existing provisions to improve the community management system further to assist farmer. This study presented several recommendations on the community forest to be managed correctly in the South Sulawesi as an Indonesian perspective. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 51-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: community forest management; Kajang; Bulukumba; farmer; poverty; Indonesia. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107065 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:51-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janis Krumins Author-X-Name-First: Janis Author-X-Name-Last: Krumins Author-Name: Maris Klavins Author-X-Name-First: Maris Author-X-Name-Last: Klavins Author-Name: Raimonds Krukovskis Author-X-Name-First: Raimonds Author-X-Name-Last: Krukovskis Title: Characterisation of humic acids in fen peat Abstract: Fens store significant amounts of organic matter and thus are of high importance from the perspective of the organic carbon biogeochemical cycle. Fen peat comprises moderately to highly decomposed higher plant remains with relatively high mineral matter content. Humic acids form the major part of fen peat organic matter; they are also the most refractory and recalcitrant natural substances to degradation, and thus they contain essential information regarding mire and peat development over large periods of time as well as the organic carbon biogeochemical cycle. Moreover, humic substances in fen peat are a prospective resource for applications in agriculture and other sectors. The aim of this study was to comparatively study properties of humic acids isolated from fen peat of varied botanical compositions and origins and to compare the impact of the precursor biological material on properties of the humification process and the resulting humic acids. The formation of humic acids of varied origins shows similarities; however, at the same time, differences can be found in the further development of humic acids, depending on the environment in which they are present. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 74-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: botanical composition; decomposition; fen peat; humic acid; humic substances; humification; organic matter. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107066 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:74-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sapna Newar Author-X-Name-First: Sapna Author-X-Name-Last: Newar Author-Name: Gordhan K. Saini Author-X-Name-First: Gordhan K. Author-X-Name-Last: Saini Author-Name: Vaishali Singh Author-X-Name-First: Vaishali Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Agro-tech ontology: a solution for accelerating agricultural productivity in the state of Rajasthan, India Abstract: The developmental gaps of agriculture between regions require a deeper understanding in India. This study examines inter-district disparities in agricultural development in terms of labour productiveness and analyses agricultural productivity, mechanisation, and technological aspects. This study uses historical data of 33 districts from 1990 to 2014 of Rajasthan in India and discuses the problems associated with agriculture development in the State. A declining land-labour ratio in the underdeveloped districts is examined along with the increasing number of agriculture workers, agricultural inputs, cropped area, total irrigated area, cropping intensity, and rainfall. The study proposes an agro-tech ontology (ATO) to disseminate the information needed to the agriculture workers in Rajasthan. Policy implications are discussed which will be useful for Rajasthan, India. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 2-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: agriculture; productivity; agro-tech ontology; ATO; regional; disparities; inter-district; labour. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=107067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:1:p:2-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosdiyani Massaguni Author-X-Name-First: Rosdiyani Author-X-Name-Last: Massaguni Author-Name: Siti Noor Hajjar Md. Latip Author-X-Name-First: Siti Noor Hajjar Md. Author-X-Name-Last: Latip Author-Name: Ismail Ab. Raman Author-X-Name-First: Ismail Ab. Author-X-Name-Last: Raman Title: Water-based formulation of neem for eco-friendly management of Pomacea canaliculata in paddy cultivation Abstract: <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> causes devastating losses on paddy production and inappropriate use of molluscicide to control this pest has aggravated the problems to the environment and human health. Inappropriate use of molluscicide has aggravated the problems to the environment and human health. This study aims to develop a water-based formulation of neem seed as biomolluscicide. This study aims to develop a water-based formulation of neem seed as biomolluscicide. The formulations were prepared in three different types of oleochemicals and the system were stabilised using mixtures composed of surfactants (Tween<SUP align="right"><SMALL>®</SMALL></SUP> and Span<SUP align="right"><SMALL>®</SMALL></SUP>) and xanthan gum. Its physicochemical properties were then characterised and a subsequent molluscicidal bioassay against <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> was evaluated. Results showed that the formulations were stable and demonstrated to have good flow behaviour, small particle size and low surface tension. In addition, the molluscicidal bioassay showed that the formulation remarkably has the quick lethal effect with exposure time was 48 hours. The results show a great theoretical significance in the preparation of EW-neem formulation that could offer an eco-friendly promising alternative for conventional molluscicide. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 157-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: bioassay; neem; oleochemicals; Pomacea canaliculata; water-based formulation. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:157-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohd Zafri Ab Wahab Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Zafri Ab Author-X-Name-Last: Wahab Author-Name: Nurul Basyeroh Hasan Author-X-Name-First: Nurul Basyeroh Author-X-Name-Last: Hasan Author-Name: Fatin Amirah Bakhari Author-X-Name-First: Fatin Amirah Author-X-Name-Last: Bakhari Author-Name: Intan Sakinah Mohd Anuar Author-X-Name-First: Intan Sakinah Mohd Author-X-Name-Last: Anuar Author-Name: Zaiton Sapak Author-X-Name-First: Zaiton Author-X-Name-Last: Sapak Title: Effect of antimicrobial activity from fermented mature coconut water to sheath brown rot of rice disease Abstract: Rotting of grains or sheaths caused by <i>Pseudomonas fuscovaginae</i> is common for mature plants and grains of seedlings. This study explored the effect of antimicrobial activity from fermented mature coconut water to understand better a certain kind of rotting in sheaths of rice plants screened against the pathogen. Fermented matured coconut water was extracted with methanol solvent demonstrated the highest activity with 20.02 mm of inhibition followed by water solvent with 10.10 mm of inhibition. Both negative controls for methanol and water-based extracts showed no inhibition activities towards the pathogen. Methanol extraction was then determined for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The finding indicated that 20% (v/v) concentration was recorded as MIC and 30% (v/v) concentration as MBC for this pathogen to reduce the disease lesion length significantly (P < 0.05). The findings from this study will be useful for agriculture related agencies in controlling the disease for a higher productivity of rice production. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 110-122 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: fermented mature coconut water; anti-microbes; sheath brown rot; Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:110-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamad Sufian So'aib Author-X-Name-First: Mohamad Sufian Author-X-Name-Last: So'aib Author-Name: Jailani Salihon Author-X-Name-First: Jailani Author-X-Name-Last: Salihon Author-Name: Huey Ling Tan Author-X-Name-First: Huey Ling Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Title: Natural fermentation as a tool to enhance the functionality of agricultural crops: a case study on Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp Abstract: The effect of natural fermentation on enhancing the antioxidant activity and cultivation of probiotics of <i>Carica papaya</i> leaf (CPL) and <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> pericarp (GMP) was evaluated to enhance the functionality of agricultural yields. To have better production, the antioxidant activity was estimated in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (radical model) by Trolox (antioxidant model) and expressed as Trolox equivalent (mg TE) per dried extract mass (g), i.e., mg TE/g. The antioxidant activity of fermented CPL and GMP extracts were 1,117 ± 10.2 mg TE/g and 34.3 ± 0.7 mg TE/g respectively which are significantly higher (i.e., 68.8 ± 0.8 mg TE/g and 7.8 ± 0.3 mg TE/g) than the antioxidant activity of unfermented extracts of the respective materials. The study findings indicate that <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> are obvious in the probiotics component which naturally fermented to CPL and GMP. The presence of yeasts such as <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i>, <i>Hanseniapora meyeri</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerivisiae</i> may improve the flavour of the naturally fermented CPL and GMP. The outcomes of this study will be helpful for stakeholders in enhancing the functionality of medicinal (agricultural) crops in Malaysia. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 91-100 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: Carica papaya leaf; CPL; Garcinia mangostana pericarp; GMP; natural fermentation; antioxidant activity; probiotics. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:91-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia Binti Salim Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Binti Author-X-Name-Last: Salim Author-Name: Siti Sarah Jumali Author-X-Name-First: Siti Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Jumali Title: The use of yogurt bacteria in increasing the growth performance of diseased paddy Abstract: There is no report on the use of the yogurt bacteria <i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i> as a plant growth promoter, especially in increasing the growth performance of paddy. <i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i> is a widely used lactic acid bacterium in making yogurt for commercial consumption due to its probiotic properties. Some <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp such as <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> are used in effective microorganisms in fertilisers to promote better growth performance in plants while reducing bacterial infection. With this background, in this study, the effects of <i>L. bulgaricus</i> isolated from yakult on the growth performance of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseased paddy were investigated. The applications used on the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) to the diseased paddy were 10<SUP align="right"><SMALL>3</SMALL></SUP> cfu (Treatment 1), 10<SUP align="right"><SMALL>4</SMALL></SUP> cfu (Treatment 2), 10<SUP align="right"><SMALL>5</SMALL></SUP> cfu (Treatment 3) and 10<SUP align="right"><SMALL>6</SMALL></SUP> cfu (Treatment 4). According to the t-test performed, it is established that <i>L. bulgaricus</i> imposes a significant increase in plant height and reducing chlorophyll content while insignificant in reducing leaf infection. This study widens the scope of study of yogurt bacteria on diseased paddy to find further causes of chlorophyll content in promoting the growth of paddy. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 101-109 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: Lactobacillus bulgaricus; bacterial leaf blight; BLB; growth performance. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:101-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Parminder Singh Author-X-Name-First: Parminder Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Author-Name: Anand Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: Anand Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Author-Name: Simranjeet Singh Author-X-Name-First: Simranjeet Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Author-Name: Avinash Kaur Author-X-Name-First: Avinash Author-X-Name-Last: Kaur Title: Classification of wheat seeds using image processing and fuzzy clustered random forest Abstract: A reliable and autonomic seed classification technique can overcome the issues of manual seed classification. It is a highly practical and economically vital need of the agriculture industry. The current techniques of machine learning and artificial intelligence allows the researchers to design a new data mining mechanism with higher accuracy. In this article, a new adaptive technique has been proposed using a digital image processing system (DIPS) and fuzzy clustered random forest (FCRF) techniques. The DIPS is used to extract the parameters such as area, perimeter, height, width, length of the groove and asymmetry coefficient. Further, FCRF model is applied to classify the wheat seeds based on these parameters in a time-efficient manner. The devised approach helps the agriculture industry for seed classification, separation of damaged seeds and controlling the quality of seeds based on grading policy. The experiment result demonstrates that the accuracy of the proposed technique is better than the existing wheat seed classification algorithm. The average performance gain of the proposed technique is up to 97.7%. Journal: Int. J. of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology Pages: 123-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2020 Keywords: classification; wheat seeds; image processing; fuzzy clustering; random forest; agriculture. File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=109048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:ids:ijarge:v:16:y:2020:i:2:p:123-156