Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tapiwa Oliver Nyamutswa
Author-X-Name-First: Tapiwa Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamutswa
Title: Social determinants of health in rural Zimbabwe: an econometric data analysis
Abstract:
This research focused on ten social determinants of health which are work type, asset ownership, personal income, age, distance to primary health centre, gender, present locality, severity of illness, education and lastly culture. The endogenous variable was health. A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 398 observations and the data was manipulated using stata version 11. The probit model empirical results showed that, gender, distance to primary health centre, personal income, education, culture and present location statistically significant at 1% level of significance. Work type was significant at 5% level. The variables work type, gender, and education had positive influence, while distance to primary health facility, personal income and present location had a negative influence to the probability of being health. Recommendations include building more health centres, harmonisation of traditional, spiritual and conventional clinics, discouraging rural urban migration and taxing luxury products.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 167-184
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: health; social determinants; categorical data; econometric model; diagnostic tests; significant.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:2:p:167-184

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Prosper Bazaanah
Author-X-Name-First: Prosper
Author-X-Name-Last: Bazaanah
Author-Name: Lydia Chilaule
Author-X-Name-First: Lydia
Author-X-Name-Last: Chilaule
Title: Formalisation of informal economies and sustainable local development in Africa: case of Egypt and Mozambique
Abstract:
Informal economic livelihood is an essential defining characteristic of economic relations within and across African countries. The dominant approach towards Africa's growing informal economies has been the formalising of informal economic livelihoods as catalyst for achieving sustainable local development. However, such approach has only pushed informal actors further deep into informality as they were theorised or created based on the experiences of Europe and not those of Africa. Using the desk review method, this paper revealed the historical trajectories and approaches to formalisation of informal economic activities in Egypt and Mozambique, and the need for these approaches to be carefully rethought and reshaped to accommodate informal livelihoods and sustain local development. Egypt and Mozambique's informal sectors are born out of persistent poverty and unemployment, weak governance and unpredictable socio-economic climate. Attempts by governments and development actors to address the persistent challenges confronting their informal sectors should be in line with conditions existing in both countries.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 140-150
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: formalisation; informal economies; sustainable local development; Africa; Egypt; Mozambique.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:2:p:140-150

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Boachie Yiadom
Author-X-Name-First: Eric Boachie
Author-X-Name-Last: Yiadom
Author-Name: Raymond K. Dziwornu
Author-X-Name-First: Raymond K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dziwornu
Author-Name: Stephen Yalley
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Yalley
Title: Financial inclusion, poverty and growth in Africa: can institutions help?
Abstract:
The study examines the role of institutions in explaining long-run effect of financial inclusion on poverty levels and economic growth in Africa. Dynamic panel regression of 42 economies over the 2011-2018 period to show that institutional quality is robust in the financial inclusion-growth nexus as well as financial inclusion-poverty reduction linkage. We report that countries with strong institutions reap the dividends associated with financial inclusion by slashing down poverty and improving per capita GDP. The findings are robust to the use of five different measures of financial inclusion - deposit, access to credit, number of bank branches and ATM access.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 91-110
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: institutions; institutional quality; financial inclusion; poverty; growth; financial exclusion.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:2:p:91-110

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jehovaness Aikaeli
Author-X-Name-First: Jehovaness
Author-X-Name-Last: Aikaeli
Author-Name: Michael O.A. Ndanshau
Author-X-Name-First: Michael O.A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndanshau
Title: Credit and demographic factors: implications for income and saving in Tanzania
Abstract:
This study seeks to establish empirical effect of access to credit and demographic factors on income and saving in urban and rural households of Tanzania. The analysis is based on Household Budget Survey. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is employed to estimate deviations of mean incomes and saving between the rural and urban households. Income in both rural and urban households is determined by education and saving, but earning is less for females than males. The study reveals that saving is positively associated with income, level of education, age and hedging against dependence. Access to credit is an important determinant of saving in rural households.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 111-139
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: credit; income; saving; Blinder-Oaxaca.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:2:p:111-139

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamdi Khalfaoui
Author-X-Name-First: Hamdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Khalfaoui
Title: Tunisian banking loans strategy
Abstract:
This paper aims to investigate the Tunisian banking loans strategy compared to sectoral credit risk and added-value. Thus, to explore this relationship we have proceeded with two models: a global model that covers the overall economy and specific models for each activity sector. The results of empirical analysis, applied on Tunisian-resident banks over the period 2000-2016, shows that for the overall economy, credit risk, added-value, credit information index and strength legal guarantees index are the main determinants of the banking loans strategy. However, the impact of credit risk is all the more important on banking loans strategy as the economy added-value is low. While, for activity sectors, banking loans strategy favours sectors with high added-value, but not necessarily the least risky one.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 151-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: Tunisian banking loans; credit risk; value-added; time series analysis.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=114537
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:2:p:151-166

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdallah Abdul-Mumuni
Author-X-Name-First: Abdallah
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdul-Mumuni
Title: The effect of household income on child welfare clinic attendance in Ghana
Abstract:
This paper examines the effect of household income on child welfare clinic attendance in Ghana using the Ghana Living Standards Survey round six (GLSS 6) data. In order to choose the model that best fits the data, the corrected versions of the Vuong test were used and the ZIP model was chosen over the PRM. The paper finds evidence that other things being equal, a child in a household that gets a GH¢1 increase in income is 0.023 more likely to be sent for child welfare clinic service and this will in turn, lead to an improvement in the child's health. It is recommended that the government should provide mobile child welfare clinics around the country and also design cash transfer policies in order to provide financial support for poor caregivers to be able to attend child welfare clinics regularly.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 1-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: household income; Poisson regression; child health; child welfare clinic.
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Grabowski
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Grabowski
Author-Name: Sharmistha Self
Author-X-Name-First: Sharmistha
Author-X-Name-Last: Self
Title: Manufacturing in Africa: an example from Zambia
Abstract:
Structural change in the development process usually involves the decline of agriculture and the rise of manufacturing. Structural change in Sub-Saharan Africa (and some other developing countries) has altered with agriculture declining as a share of GDP and total employment, but manufacturing as a share actually declining or remaining stagnant. It is argued in this paper that this is at least partly the result of liberalising reforms beginning in the late 1980s and partly the result of a significant dependence on a natural resource, in this case copper. However, it is further hypothesised in this paper that growth in agricultural productivity is critical to the development of manufacturing. Specifically, growth in this sector's productivity restrains the cost of agricultural goods and thus allows the manufacturing sector to expand. If agricultural productivity lags relative to manufacturing productivity rising relative agricultural costs make it extremely difficult for manufacturing to expand. These ideas are illustrated by examining the experience of Zambia.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 18-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: structural change; agriculture; manufacturing; price distortions; policy.
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Larona Sethunya Teseletso
Author-X-Name-First: Larona Sethunya
Author-X-Name-Last: Teseletso
Author-Name: Tsuyoshi Adachi
Author-X-Name-First: Tsuyoshi
Author-X-Name-Last: Adachi
Title: Strategic planning of coal assets for electricity production: a case of Botswana
Abstract:
Ensuring affordable and sustainable energy access is core to Botswana's adapted Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7). Presently, the country has deficient electricity supply whose local demand is expected to increase through to 2030. However, proven domestic coal resources would provide a cheap alternative source to enhance the electricity supply capacity. This study evaluates a potential coal mine, Sese mine, whose objective is to alleviate supply. It is valued using Real Options to determine its underlying project value. The investment model is leveraged from coal to electricity production by comparison of a prospective power plant location to minimise costs from producer to consumer. Scenario cost analysis of transportation systems is achieved to provide value to potential synergy for strategic planning. The findings show that the conveyor system has competitive cost advantage. Our study recognises the need for developing countries to utilise domestic resources to improve energy infrastructure to progress their economies.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 185-208
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: Botswana; strategic planning; real options; coal; electricity demand; sustainability.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:3:p:185-208

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Achraf Anggay
Author-X-Name-First: Achraf
Author-X-Name-Last: Anggay
Author-Name: M'hamed Hamiche
Author-X-Name-First: M'hamed
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamiche
Title: Social compliance of enterprises in developing countries between requirements and practices (audit of labour health and security conditions: case of Morocco)
Abstract:
The establishment of an effective participation of employees in respecting labour health and security conditions in companies is undoubtedly one of the most important performance indicators of the quality of the professional relations, which predominate there, likely to modernise these relations and develop the business economy. The level of the social performance to be achieved differs according to whether it is a developed country or a developing country. For developed countries, achieving maximum social performance amounts to resolving fully the conflicts of interest of the work. However, for developing countries, achieving this performance amounts to resolving fully the conflicts of laws, in other words, being fully socially compliant. We will measure the degree of social performance in this direction by using the social compliance audit. In this case, social performance will result to performance in social compliance. We will take as a case study the enterprises established in the Morocco.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 239-256
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: social performance; performance in social compliance; social compliance audit; performance indicator in social compliance; labour health and security conditions; developing countries.
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Hamblin
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamblin
Author-Name: Dariya Mukamusoni
Author-X-Name-First: Dariya
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukamusoni
Author-Name: Providence Sibomana
Author-X-Name-First: Providence
Author-X-Name-Last: Sibomana
Author-Name: Clemence Nishimwe
Author-X-Name-First: Clemence
Author-X-Name-Last: Nishimwe
Title: Sustainability of Red Cross interventions to reduce deprivation in rural Rwanda
Abstract:
This paper develops a model of sustainability for interventions to reduce deprivation, based on case experience in rural Rwanda. The case concerns two EU funded interventions by Rwanda Red Cross to reduce acute deprivation amongst female heads of households ranked as in extreme poverty, living in remote villages. The interventions address health, hygiene, socio-economic and environmental challenges in an integrated approach. Three censuses of beneficiary interviews of knowledge, attitudes, lifestyle and behaviours before and after interventions have been conducted and inferences are drawn as to how sustainable the impacts may be. These results are triangulated with the outcomes of focus groups with volunteers and other actors within each intervention. The results highlight the critical importance of maintaining local commitment to the improvements once the interventions cease to avoid regression to the traditional behaviours which are deeply ingrained in these rural areas. This commitment needs to be backed by local funds and it is important to secure access to these at the outset of planning the intervention.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 257-274
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: integrated rural development; model villages; deprivation reduction; sustainability; Rwanda Red Cross society.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:3:p:257-274

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asheri Mwidege
Author-X-Name-First: Asheri
Author-X-Name-Last: Mwidege
Title: Persistent stock market returns volatility in emerging capital markets as evidenced in Tanzania
Abstract:
This study examined the stock returns volatility in Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange for the year 1998 through 2018 period. The study employed quantitative research design on time series data in which autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models were used determine the existence of volatility. The study employed Win Rat and E-views Econometric software for data analysis. Serial correlation and unit root analysed to determine seasonal dependencies of the stock market returns and stationarity, respectively. Results showed that all-time series of returns were non-stationary except at market level and volatility of stock returns had a constant decaying coefficient value of 0.75 per trading period. The study concluded that the shocks to volatility were more persistent and had a slower and constant decaying rate in various trading periods in DSE. Therefore, it was recommended that the public should buy and sell shares in the market.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 230-238
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: stock market; market returns; volatility; ARCH; GARCH; DSE.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:3:p:230-238

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ferdinand Ouedraogo
Author-X-Name-First: Ferdinand
Author-X-Name-Last: Ouedraogo
Title: Collective beliefs and representations on the effects of rice price and subsidy policies in Burkina Faso
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to analyse the beliefs of actors in the rice sector in Burkina in the increase of rice production, basing firstly on the work of Menger, Wieser Von Mises, Böhm-Bawerk Aréna, Festré, Berkane, Commons, Schumpeter, from the foundations up to the process of imitation and sharing of beliefs, secondly, basing on the work of Dempster Shafer, Smets, from beliefs sharing, collective representation up to the level of decision-making. The transposition of the work of these authors to analyse the beliefs of actors in the rice sector in Burkina shown that the representations of beliefs and their adoption by rice farmers are never collective and complete. Beliefs are based on individual motivations, personal interests and past experiences. This theory seems the most relevant. Thus, economic studies on the behaviour of agricultural households must be a prerequisite before making decisions based on beliefs.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 209-229
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: rice production; government decisions; beliefs sharing; collective representations.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=116642
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:3:p:209-229

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Ameyaw-Brobbey
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ameyaw-Brobbey
Author-Name: Urmi Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Urmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: Chinese businesses and transnational knowledge transfer under constrained environment: results from the field in Ghana
Abstract:
China's recent economic success has deepened its engagement with Africa offering a platform for its experience of development and achievement to be transferred to or copied by Africans. What exactly are Chinese businesses teaching Ghanaian workers? What constraints impede the knowledge transfer and the learning process? This article's findings are based primarily on the results of a field study conducted in Ghana between March and July 2019 on 26 Chinese firms, involving 360 Ghanaian workers. It employed a mixed research method of questionnaires and informal interviews to collect data. Using content analysis and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23, the study found that although grievances exist on salary, job security, safety concerns and others, Ghanaian workers generally acknowledge significant transfer and knowledge learning from Chinese firms and employers which they believe would not only enhance their personal development but a source of impetus for Ghana's development.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 51-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: Chinese businesses; Ghanaian workers; transnational knowledge transfer; work constraints; Ghana-China cooperation; foreign direct investment; Accra; Tema; Ghana; China; South-South cooperation; national development.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=112562
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:51-73

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ebrima K. Ceesay
Author-X-Name-First: Ebrima K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ceesay
Author-Name: Christopher Belford
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Belford
Author-Name: Momodou Mustapha Fanneh
Author-X-Name-First: Momodou Mustapha
Author-X-Name-Last: Fanneh
Author-Name: Alpha Kargbo
Author-X-Name-First: Alpha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kargbo
Author-Name: Sidat Yaffa
Author-X-Name-First: Sidat
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaffa
Title: Testing the environmental Kuznets curve in selected West African countries: empirical evidence estimation
Abstract:
Environmental economics studied has become increasingly most popular in local and international community. In this paper, we empirically tested the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis by analysis the relationship between growth of environmental quality and growth of per capita income. The panel estimation such as fixed effect and random effect were applied. From the results, the fixed effect model for growth for CO<SUB align=right><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> revealed that growth for population density, growth of per capita income, growth of per capita income squared, growth of trade openness, growth of exchange rate, and growth of agriculture valued added were statistically significant. The results further indicated that growth of trade openness lead to an increases in growth of environmental quality. The growth of population density has positive and significant effects on the growth rate of environmental quality and has the a-priori expectation in our model.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 35-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: growth rate of environmental quality; CO<SUB align=right><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emission; growth rate of per capita income; panel estimation; growth rate.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:35-50

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kehinde Ajike Olabiyi
Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde Ajike
Author-X-Name-Last: Olabiyi
Title: Child's well-being and parents' employment status in Nigeria
Abstract:
The sustainable development goals have been shown to be interdependent. Infants and children are important target groups for enhancing the future prospects of any society through improved welfare. It is noted that child's development within the home could be hampered when the family is poor and devoid of decent employment, so employed parents' income is an important mean to secure the child's well-being. However, the effects of parents' work on the child have been found to be ambiguous. The current study examined the relationship between the child's well-being and parents' employment status in Nigeria with the use of multiple regression technique. The results suggest that employment of each of the parents dampened the child's health, while the earnings from their wages and salary enhanced the child's well-being. To address the parents' work and childcare conflicts and maximise the benefits of the parents' earning, government should generate better quality jobs, proffer family-friendly policies which are adequate and capable of helping women to achieve work-family balance, and also encourage both public and private employers of labour to do so.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 74-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: sustainable; development; goals; parents' employment; child wellbeing; Nigeria; multiple regression; dampen; enhance.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:1:p:74-89

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Misheck Mutize
Author-X-Name-First: Misheck
Author-X-Name-Last: Mutize
Author-Name: Kutlwano Motlhabane
Author-X-Name-First: Kutlwano
Author-X-Name-Last: Motlhabane
Title: An analysis of the resource curse hypothesis and poverty in Africa
Abstract:
This paper examines the 'mineral resource curse' hypothesis in Africa, which asserts that countries with abundant mineral wealth tend to have a poor population, with low standards of living, slow economic growth and high inequality. Using the panel data fixed effect estimation model on mineral wealth and poverty data from 1970 to 2016, the study finds a U-shaped relationship between mineral wealth and poverty. The study also finds that the rising consumer price inflation in resources rich countries significantly further worsens average income inequality within resource-rich African countries. It is thus implied that average income inequality in African countries is most likely to worsen due to the inequality generated by the mineral wealth. This study thus recommends African countries to adopt policies that support the distribution of income over time in countries undergoing a mineral boom.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 303-318
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: mineral resources; poverty; inequality; inflation; Africa.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118510
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:303-318

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brij Mohan Dutta
Author-X-Name-First: Brij Mohan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dutta
Author-Name: Sachin Kumar Srivastava
Author-X-Name-First: Sachin Kumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Srivastava
Title: COVID-19 era: effective social distancing is a new normal for the world
Abstract:
Human beings are familiar with diseases and epidemics since starting of the mankind. The mankind also knows how to fight with diseases and epidemics. After every epidemic, mankind sets new rules and laws for their survival. COVID-19 is also affecting humans badly and mankind will also set some new rules. Every human being wants to live safely and survival is the most important thing for humans' life. Safety is not only prime concern for humans but also it is the most important issue for the country too. Safe and secure life is the necessity to attain happiness. In COVID-19 epidemic social distancing is one of the major precautions to save mankind. In this work researchers have informed upon the importance of social distancing to save ourselves from COVID-19.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 291-302
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: social distancing; COVID-19; quarantine; social responsibility; pandemic.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118511
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:291-302

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Windinkonté Séogo
Author-X-Name-First: Windinkonté
Author-X-Name-Last: Séogo
Author-Name: W. Jean-Pierre Sawadogo
Author-X-Name-First: W. Jean-Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Sawadogo
Author-Name: Pam Zahonogo
Author-X-Name-First: Pam
Author-X-Name-Last: Zahonogo
Title: Technical efficiency of maize farmers across two agro ecological zones of Burkina Faso
Abstract:
This study analyses the technical efficiency of 881 maize farmers across two agro ecological zones of Burkina Faso: the Sudano-Sahelian zone and the Pre-Guinean zone. A stochastic meta-frontier approach is followed to deal with technology heterogeneity across zones. The results reveal that farmers in the Pre-Guinean zone are more efficient (55.38%) than those in the Sudano-Sahelian zone (54.25%). It is also observed that chemical fertilisers have a positive effect on maize production in the Pre-Guinean zone whereas in the Sudano-Sahelian zone, manure is the main fertiliser stimulating maize production. The results suggest to consider agro ecological factors in implementing agricultural policies.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 275-290
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: technical efficiency; stochastic meta-frontier approach; agro ecological zones; Burkina Faso.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:275-290

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Donatien Avelé
Author-X-Name-First: Donatien
Author-X-Name-Last: Avelé
Title: Between management accounting tools and analysis of the performance of municipal public services: a case study
Abstract:
The objective of this research is to report on the main theoretical and empirical works which contribute to a better understanding of the performance measurement and evaluation systems of municipal public services. The council management local authorities has undergone significant changes in recent years and, with the decentralisation laws, management awareness has been gaining ground within the local sector. The concern for performance then becomes a requirement. This exploratory study on literature attempts to form the basis for discussion and present some relevance about current knowledge on the subject. Overall, the study's results show the contingent factors that influence the performance of municipal public services in Cameroonian cities.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 319-339
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: municipal performance; contingency factor; Cameroonian cities; public services.
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:319-339

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dramane Abdoulaye
Author-X-Name-First: Dramane
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdoulaye
Title: Military spending and corruption in the economic community of West African states
Abstract:
This article aims to analyse the relationship between military spending and corruption in the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). To this end, a VAR model was estimated on a panel of 15 countries over the period 2000-2017. The analysis established the existence of a two-way causality between corruption and military spending. The results revealed that corruption has a positive effect on military spending in ECOWAS countries and in turn military spending leads to an increase in the level of corruption. The study therefore suggests that states in the region should implement reforms in order to improve governance by increasing transparency in defence sector contracts. All this shall contribute to the efficiency of military spending necessary to ensure the security of the populations.
Journal: African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development
Pages: 340-352
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2021
Keywords: military spending; corruption; ECOWAS.
File-URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=118515
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Handle: RePEc:ids:ajesde:v:8:y:2021:i:4:p:340-352